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Houas N, Kitouni S, Chafai N, Ghedjati S, Djenane M, Tounsi A. New bi-phosphonate derivative: Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant activity in vitro and via cyclic voltammetry mode and evaluation of its inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. J Mol Struct 2023; 1284:135356. [PMID: 36942303 PMCID: PMC10014130 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have synthesized a new molecule labeled HBPA. Its molecular structure was determined by spectroscopic methods such as: FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 31P); our compound is subjected to two antioxidant activities assays: DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); in the results, HBPA was expanded remarkable inhibition when compared especially to standard BHT with values of 14.936±0.808 and 7.1486±0.0645 μg/ml, respectively; in addition to the scavenging test of superoxide anion integrated in electrochemical process, it elucidated a strongly stable interaction towards the radical by evaluating the thermodynamic descriptors (Gibbs free energy ΔG° and the binding constant Kb). Besides, the electrochemical behavior of HBPA was distinguished by an irreversible system and for the electrochemical regime adopted at the surface of the electrode; a diffusion governed by a slow charge transfer was deduced. The molecular docking of HBPA was conducted beside Chloroquine and the obtained results were indicated a significant binding with active sites of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noudjoud Houas
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Siham Kitouni
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Nadjib Chafai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Samira Ghedjati
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases Faculty of Natural and Life sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Meriem Djenane
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Assia Tounsi
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Materials (LEM), Department of Process Engineering, University Ferhat AbbasSetif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
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2
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Role of plasmonic Au nanoparticles embedded in the diamond-like carbon overlayer in the performance of CuFeO2 solar photocathodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Zabik NL, Anwar S, Ziu I, Martic-Milne S. Electrochemical reactivity of bulky-phenols with superoxide anion radical. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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4
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Synthesis, electrochemical and classical evaluation of the antioxidant activity of three α-aminophosphonic acids: Experimental and theoretical investigation. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Oyarzún DP, Tello A, Pizarro GDC, Martin-Trasanco R, Zúñiga C, Perez-Donoso JM, Arratia-Perez R. Electrochemical synthesis, optical properties and morphological characterization of ZnO/Poly( N -PhMI- co -HEMA) nanocomposite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Mechanism and superoxide scavenging activity of hydroxy substituted tetraphenylporphyrins via coulometric approach. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Kuban-Jankowska A, Sahu KK, Niedzialkowski P, Gorska M, Tuszynski JA, Ossowski T, Wozniak M. Redox process is crucial for inhibitory properties of aurintricarboxylic acid against activity of YopH: virulence factor of Yersinia pestis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18364-73. [PMID: 26286963 PMCID: PMC4621896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
YopH is a bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase, which is essential for the viability and pathogenic virulence of the plague-causing Yersinia sp. bacteria. Inactivation of YopH activity would lead to the loss of bacterial pathogenicity. We have studied the inhibitory properties of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) against YopH phosphatase and found that at nanomolar concentrations ATA reversibly decreases the activity of YopH. Computational docking studies indicated that in all binding poses ATA binds in the YopH active site. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that in the predicted binding pose, ATA binds to the essential Cys403 and Arg409 residues in the active site and has a stronger binding affinity than the natural substrate (pTyr). The cyclic voltammetry experiments suggest that ATA reacts remarkably strongly with molecular oxygen. Additionally, the electrochemical reduction of ATA in the presence of a negative potential from −2.0 to 2.5 V generates a current signal, which is observed for hydrogen peroxide. Here we showed that ATA indicates a unique mechanism of YopH inactivation due to a redox process. We proposed that the potent inhibitory properties of ATA are a result of its strong binding in the YopH active site and in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide near catalytic cysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamlesh K Sahu
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pawel Niedzialkowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jack A Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tadeusz Ossowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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8
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Complexes of organotin compounds with bis- and trisphosphonate derivatives of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol having antioxidant activity. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Turovska B, Lund H, Lūsis V, Lielpētere A, Liepiņš E, Beljakovs S, Goba I, Stradiņš J. Photoinduced 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine ring conversions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2166-70. [PMID: 26664638 PMCID: PMC4660982 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable heterocyclic hydroperoxide can be easily prepared as a product of fast oxidation of a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine by (3)O2 if the solution is exposed to sunlight. The driving force for the photoinduced electron transfer is calculated from electrochemical and spectroscopic data. The outcome of the reaction depends on the light intensity and the concentration of O2. In the solid state the heterocyclic hydroperoxide is stable; in solution it is involved in further reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba Turovska
- Physical-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Henning Lund
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Viesturs Lūsis
- Physical-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Anna Lielpētere
- Physical-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Edvards Liepiņš
- Physical-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Beljakovs
- Physical-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Inguna Goba
- Physical-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Jānis Stradiņš
- Physical-organic Chemistry Laboratory, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., Riga LV-1006, Latvia
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The electrochemical approach to antioxidant activity assay of metal complexes with dipicolylamine ligand, containing 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol groups, based on electrochemical DPPH-test. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Photocatalytic degradation of orange II on the novel hetero-system WS2/TiO2 under UV light. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Kitazumi Y, Kakiuchi T. Electrochemical Instability in Liquid–Liquid Two-Phase Systems. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Salazar R, Navarrete-Encina P, Squella J, Barrientos C, Pardo-Jiménez V, Núñez-Vergara LJ. Study on the oxidation of C4-phenolic-1,4-dihydropyridines and its reactivity towards superoxide radical anion in dimethylsulfoxide. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Salazar R, Navarrete-Encina PA, Squella JA, Camargo C, Núñez-Vergara LJ. Reactivity of C4-indolyl substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines toward superoxide anion (O2•) in dimethylsulfoxide. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Reduction Mechanism of O[sub 2] in DMSO and Metal Oxide Thin Film Formation: CdO Case Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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A mechanistic investigation of di-tert-butyl nitroxide using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Wei Y, Zhang S. Study on the electroreduction process of oxygen to superoxide ion by using acetylene black powder microelectrode. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193508080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Islam MM, Alam MT, Okajima T, Ohsaka T. Nonlinear Phenomena at Mercury Hg Electrode/Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) Interfaces: Polarographic Streaming Maxima and Current Oscillation. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12849-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075749b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominul Islam
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Muhammad Tanzirul Alam
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Okajima
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Takeo Ohsaka
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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Núñez-Vergara LJ, Navarrete-Encina PA, Salas S, Conde B, Carbajo J, Squella JA, Camargo C. Analyses by GC–MS and GC–MS–MS of the hantzsch synthesis products using hydroxy- and methoxy-aromatic aldehydes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:236-42. [PMID: 17367976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
EI mass spectra of products of the dihydropyridine Hantzsch synthesis using hydroxy and methoxy aldehydes as starting materials are reported. The reaction products (C-4 hydroxy- and methoxyphenyl-1,4-dihydropyridines and chromeno[3,4,c]-pyridines) were derivatized with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoracetamide to be analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. Fragmentation pathways for 1,4-dihydropyridines and chromeno-pyridines are proposed. The study provides (mainly through MS-MS technique) useful data for the confirmation of the structure of the compounds and also is a valuable tool for further analytical purposes to follow both photostability and reactivity studies with free radicals for these types of compounds.
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Wei Y, Shao C, Hufeng. Voltammetric response and electrochemical properties of the O2/O 2 •− couple in acetone. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193507020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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One-Step Electrodeposition of ZnO[sub 2]–ZnS Thin-Film Mixtures onto n–InP(111) and n–InP(100) Substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2779601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Islam MM, Okajima T, Ohsaka T. Eccentric Phenomena at Liquid Mercury Electrode/Solution Interfaces: Upward, Downward, and Circular Motions. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:8619-25. [PMID: 16640416 DOI: 10.1021/jp060558e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes a visualization of unidirectional and circular motions triggered by an electrochemical redox reaction at a charged, bent, and streamed liquid electrode/liquid solution interface. The novel circular motion that induces a conversion of electrochemical energy into mechanical energy could be visualized for the first time at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution interface via the electrochromic reaction of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) by using a CCD-color video camera. The observed motions are self-insisting in nature and are tunable into upward, downward, clockwise, and anticlockwise ones by an appropriate choice of the experimental conditions. This circular motion is visualized for the first time as the cause of the well-known cyclic voltammetric anodic current oscillation at the HMDE. Several small perturbations, for example, surface tension, surface motion, bulk motion, diffusional mass transport, and surface electrochemical potential are considered to be endlessly amplified by their coupling in a cyclic chain, resulting in such macroscopic motions at the electrode/solution interface. All of the phenomena can be explained on the basis of the modern theory proposed by Aogaki et al. for the polarographic streaming maxima of the first kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominul Islam
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Mail Box G1-5, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) study of superoxide generation and its reactivity with 1,4-dihydropyridines. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Islam MM, Saha MS, Okajima T, Ohsaka T. Current oscillatory phenomena based on electrogenerated superoxide ion at the HMDE in dimethylsulfoxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Guo Z, Lin X. Kinetic studies of dioxygen and superoxide ion in acetonitrile at gold electrodes using ultrafast cyclic voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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López-Alarcón C, Núñez-Vergara L, Squella J. Voltammetric oxidation of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines in protic and aprotic media: relevance of the substitution on N position. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Ortiz M, Núñez-Vergara L, Squella J. Voltammetric determination of the heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant for superoxide formation at a glassy carbon electrode in aprotic medium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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López-Alarcón C, Navarrete P, Camargo C, Squella JA, Núñez-Vergara LJ. Reactivity of 1,4-dihydropyridines toward alkyl, alkylperoxyl radicals, and ABTS radical cation. Chem Res Toxicol 2003; 16:208-15. [PMID: 12588192 DOI: 10.1021/tx025579o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of C4-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHP) with either secondary or tertiary nitrogen in the dihydropyridine ring were synthesized. All of these compounds together with some commercial DHP derivatives were tested for potential scavenger effects toward alkyl, alkylperoxyl radicals, and ABTS radical cation in aqueous media at pH 7.4. Kinetic rate constants were assessed either by UV/vis spectroscopy or GC/MS techniques. Tested compounds reacted faster toward alkylperoxyl radicals and ABTS radical cation than alkyl ones. N-Ethyl-substituted DHPs showed the lowest reactivity. Kinetic results were compared with either trolox or nisoldipine. Using deuterium kinetic isotope effect studies, we have proved that the hydrogen of the 1-position of the DHP ring is involved in the proposed mechanism. This fact is mostly noticeable in the case of alkyl radicals. In all cases, the respective pyridine derivative was detected as the main product of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C López-Alarcón
- Laboratory of Biolectrochemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile
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