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Surmi A, Mohd Shariff A, Lock SSM. Comprehensive Analysis of Pressure Drop Phenomena in Rotating Packed Bed Distillation: An In-Depth Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:28105-28113. [PMID: 38973914 PMCID: PMC11223225 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A rotating packed bed (RPB) is an innovative intensification technology that improves its separation capabilities in high-gravity conditions. This process increases efficiency with smaller equipment size and footprint than conventional packed columns. Although significant advancements have been made regarding RPBs, most studies only focused on single or dual rotor configurations in addressing dry pressure drop. Hence, multiple rotor systems in industrial settings can enhance economic efficiency by minimizing the necessity for numerous RPBs. This study investigated the pressure drops and holdup in a three-stage rotor-based RPB under actual process conditions using natural gas as the feed. A novel pressure drop correlation was introduced based on the nitrogen removal process from the natural gas in continuous RPB distillation operations. Consequently, the correlation between centrifugal acceleration, turbulent, and momentum effects demonstrated remarkable accuracy within ±15%. This outcome also highlighted the importance of meticulous design considerations in RPB-based applications due to the complex correlation between centrifugal forces, liquid holdup, and gas flow rates. The reflux feed ratio, liquid holdup, rotating speed, and F-factor effects were examined to comprehend the RPB distillation process. Overall, the correlations between the critical parameters offered crucial insights to prevent process upsets (such as flooding), contributing to advancing RPBs in practical industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiza Surmi
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- Group
Research & Technology, Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Kawasan Institusi Bangi, Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohd Shariff
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- CO2 Research
Center, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Serene Sow Mun Lock
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- CO2 Research
Center, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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Cheng X, Du ZD, Ding Y, Li FY, Hua ZS, Liu H. Bubble Management for Electrolytic Water Splitting by Surface Engineering: A Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16994-17008. [PMID: 38050682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
During electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of bubbles possesses great importance to reduce the overpotential and improve the stability of the electrode. Bubble evolution is accomplished by nucleation, growth, and detachment. The expanding nucleation sites, decreasing bubble size, and timely detachment of bubbles from the electrode surface are key factors in bubble management. Recently, the surface engineering of electrodes has emerged as a promising strategy for bubble management in practical water splitting due to its reliability and efficiency. In this review, we start with a discussion of the bubble behavior on the electrodes during water splitting. Then we summarize recent progress in the management of bubbles from the perspective of surface physical (electrocatalytic surface morphology) and surface chemical (surface composition) considerations, focusing on the surface texture design, three-dimensional construction, wettability coating technology, and functional group modification. Finally, we present the principles of bubble management, followed by an insightful perspective and critical challenges for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Maanshan 243002, China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Zhong-de Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Hua
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Maanshan 243002, China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
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Adjustable Underwater Gas Transportation Using Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Elastic String. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic and precise manipulation of the gas flow in a liquid environment through a facile and reliable approach is of great importance for directional gas transportation and multiphase chemical reactions. In this research, elastic superhydrophobic strings were prepared by a one-step, non-fluorinated dip-coating strategy. The surface-treatment string demonstrated a good superaerophilicity underwater. By simply elongating or shortening superaerophilic strings, the gas flux underwater was precisely manipulated in a gas-siphon underwater experiment. The result reveals that a large strain of the treated string induces a low gas flow, and a rope woven with more strings results in a larger range of gas flow regulation. The elastic superhydrophobic/superaerophilic string was utilized to adjust the reaction time of carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution successfully. Furthermore, in a wet oxidation experiment for treating simulated flue gas composed of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen and oxygen, superhydrophobic and stretched strings with a strain of 200% demonstrated a 7.9% higher NO removal efficiency than that of untreated strings. Interestingly, NO removal efficiency can be regulated by mechanical stretching of gas-conducting strings. We believe that this facile and low-cost approach provides a valid method of on-demand manipulation of the gas flow for underwater gas transportation.
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Predicting the efficiency of oxygen-evolving electrolysis on the Moon and Mars. Nat Commun 2022; 13:583. [PMID: 35136074 PMCID: PMC8826910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a permanent human presence on the Moon or Mars requires a secure supply of oxygen for life support and refueling. The electrolysis of water has attracted significant attention in this regard as water-ice may exist on both the Moon and Mars. However, to date there has been no study examining how the lower gravitational fields on the Moon and Mars might affect gas-evolving electrolysis when compared to terrestrial conditions. Herein we provide experimental data on the effects of gravitational fields on water electrolysis from 0.166 g (lunar gravity) to 8 g (eight times the Earth’s gravity) and show that electrolytic oxygen production is reduced by around 11% under lunar gravity with our system compared to operation at 1 g. Moreover, our results indicate that electrolytic data collected using less resource-intensive ground-based experiments at elevated gravity (>1 g) may be extrapolated to gravitational levels below 1 g. Oxygen production using electrolysis will be critical for life support and refueling on the Moon and Mars. Herein, electrolysis under lunar and Martian gravity was found to be less efficient than electrolysis under Earth’s gravity, and predictable from data obtained using ground-based systems.
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Yu Y, Zhong Y, Wang M, Guo Z. Electrochemical behavior of aluminium anode in super-gravity field and its application in copper removal from wastewater by electrocoagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129614. [PMID: 33482514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anodic passivation is a key problem to reduce the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) process. Super-gravity technology was introduced into EC process to enhance the treatment of heavy metal wastewater using pure aluminum electrode. The results showed that the removal ratio of Cu increased, and the cell voltage decreased with the increase of gravity coefficient, suggesting a promoting effect of super-gravity field on electrocoagulation process. Electrochemical behavior of aluminium anode in super-gravity field was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that anodic polarization behavior of aluminium showed a typical characteristic of dissolution in super-gravity, rather than passivation in normal gravity. The type of anode dissolution changed from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion in super-gravity field. The outer oxidized film of anode was thinning, and more Al3+ ions were released by anode dissolution, which was attributed to the super-gravity enhancement of the mass transfer process of Cl- ions. In addition, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the flocs generated in super-gravity field had amorphous and looser Al-O framework structure. As a result, the efficiency of EC process was improved by super-gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yiwei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Mingyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zhancheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Wang R, Wang M, Wang C, Yang Q, Wang J, Jiang L. Thermally Driven Interfacial Switch between Adhesion and Antiadhesion on Gas Bubbles in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37365-37370. [PMID: 31536320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is greatly important to understand the gas bubble behaviors and realize their reliable manipulation. There still remain many challenges in the capture, transport, and release of gas bubbles at a preferred location intelligently. Herein, we provide a simple approach to manufacture a composite film with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) and polypropylene that exhibits smart, reversible, and reliable regulation of gas bubble adhesive behaviors (high and low adhesion) by controlling the temperature (above or below the lower critical solution temperature). By adjusting the composite surface temperature, thermally driven interface switching between intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the PNIPAAM chains resulted in low and high adhesion of air bubbles in an aqueous medium. Gas bubbles could be precisely captured, directionally transported, and precisely released at any preferred location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Beijing BOE Display Technology Company Limited , Beijing 100176 , China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jingming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , 100191 , China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing , 100191 , China
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100191 , China
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Taqieddin A, Nazari R, Rajic L, Alshawabkeh A. Review-Physicochemical hydrodynamics of gas bubbles in two phase electrochemical systems. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 164:E448-E459. [PMID: 29731515 PMCID: PMC5935447 DOI: 10.1149/2.1161713jes] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical systems suffer from poor management of evolving gas bubbles. Improved understanding of bubbles behavior helps to reduce overpotential, save energy and enhance the mass transfer during chemical reactions. This work investigates and reviews the gas bubbles hydrodynamics, behavior, and management in electrochemical cells. Although the rate of bubble growth over the electrode surface is well understood, there is no reliable prediction of bubbles break-off diameter from the electrode surface because of the complexity of bubbles motion near the electrode surface. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) are the most common experimental techniques to measure bubble dynamics. Although the PIV is faster than LDA, both techniques are considered expensive and time-consuming. This encourages adapting Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods as an alternative to study bubbles behavior. However, further development of CFD methods is required to include coalescence and break-up of bubbles for better understanding and accuracy. The disadvantages of CFD methods can be overcome by using hybrid methods. The behavior of bubbles in electrochemical systems is still a complex challenging topic which requires a better understanding of the gas bubbles hydrodynamics and their interactions with the electrode surface and bulk liquid, as well as between the bubbles itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roya Nazari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ljiljana Rajic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gao J, Yan J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Guo Z. A novel electro-catalytic degradation method of phenol wastewater with Ti/IrO 2-Ta 2O 5 anodes in high-gravity fields. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:662-670. [PMID: 28759448 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the electro-catalytic degradation process of phenol wastewater, bubbles and mass transfer limitation will result in the decrease in wastewater degradation efficiency, a long electrolysis time and a high energy consumption. Self-made Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anodes and a high-gravity electro-catalytic reactor were used to improve them. The Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anode was prepared with a thermal decomposition method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies of phenol, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) respectively reached 94.77%, 50.96% and 41.2% after 2 h electrolysis in the high-gravity field, which were respectively 10.93%, 16.72% and 24.84% higher than those in the normal gravity field. For about the same removal efficiencies, the electrolysis time and energy consumed in the high-gravity field were 33.3% and 15.4% lower than those consumed in the normal gravity field, respectively. The degradation pathway of phenol detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was unchanged in the high-gravity field, but the degradation rate of phenol increased. The Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anode provided good stability because the removal efficiencies of phenol and TOC decreased slightly and the surface morphology of the coating was almost unchanged when it had been used in electrolysis for 11 months, about 1,200 h, in the high-gravity field. Results indicated that the phenol wastewater degradation efficiency was improved, the time was shortened, and the energy consumption was reduced in the high-gravity field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for High Gravity Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Junjuan Yan
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for High Gravity Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Youzhi Liu
- Research Center of Shanxi Province for High Gravity Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China E-mail:
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi Province, China
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Wang M, Wang Z, Gong X, Guo Z. Progress toward Electrochemistry Intensified by using Supergravity Fields. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production, Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production, Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Xuzhong Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production, Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Zhancheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 PR China
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Sato M, Oshikiri Y, Yamada A, Aogaki R. Application of gravity electrode to the analysis of iron-pitting corrosion under vertical gravity field. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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