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Li C, Hao J, Wu K. Triethylamine-controlled Cu-BTC frameworks for electrochemical sensing fish freshness. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1085:68-74. [PMID: 31522732 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HXA) has been proved to be a feasible approach for the assessment of fish freshness. In this study, copper(II) nitrate and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) were used as precursors to prepare various Cu-BTC frameworks with the addition of various amounts of triethylamine at room temperature. The characterization of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy testified that the obtained materials are Cu-BTC frameworks. However, the amount of triethylamine had significant effects on the morphology, active response area and electron transfer ability of Cu-BTC frameworks. The oxidation behavior of XA and HXA demonstrated that the prepared Cu-BTC frameworks exhibited higher sensing activity, with greatly-enhanced oxidation signals. More importantly, the amount of triethylamine obviously affected the accumulation capacity and signal enhancement ability of Cu-BTCs toward XA and HXA, as confirmed from double potential step chronocoulometry. Based on the triethylamine-tuned signal amplification strategy of Cu-BTC frameworks, a highly-sensitive and simple electrochemical sensing system was developed for the assessment of fish freshness by simultaneous detection of XA and HXA. The developed sensing method was used in practical samples, and the results were validated by high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoling Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junxing Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kangbing Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Gunawardhana SM, Lunte SM. Continuous monitoring of adenosine and its metabolites using microdialysis coupled to microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 10:3737-3744. [PMID: 31579297 PMCID: PMC6774626 DOI: 10.1039/c8ay01041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid monitoring of concentration changes of neurotransmitters and energy metabolites is important for understanding the biochemistry of neurological disease as well as for developing therapeutic options. This paper describes the development of a separation-based sensor using microchip electrophoresis (ME) with electrochemical (EC) detection coupled to microdialysis (MD) sampling for continuous on-line monitoring of adenosine and its downstream metabolites. The device was fabricated completely in PDMS. End-channel electrochemical detection was accomplished using a carbon fiber working electrode embedded in the PDMS. The separation conditions for adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine were investigated using a ME-EC chip with a 5-cm long separation channel. The best resolution was achieved using a background electrolyte consisting of 35 mM sodium borate at pH 10, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 2 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and a field strength of 222 V/cm. Under these conditions, all four purines were separated in less than 85 s. Using a working electrode detection potential of 1.4 vs Ag/AgCl, the limits of detection were 25, 33, 10, and 25 μM for adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine, respectively. The ME-EC chip was then coupled to microdialysis sampling using a novel all-PDMS microdialysis-microchip interface that was reversibly sealed. This made alignment of the working electrode with the end of the separation channel much easier and more reproducible than could be obtained with previous MD-ME-EC systems. The integrated device was then used to monitor the enzymatic conversion of adenosine to inosine in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamal M Gunawardhana
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Susan M Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Wen Y, Chang J, Xu L, Liao X, Bai L, Lan Y, Li M. Simultaneous analysis of uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine using voltammetric sensor based on nanocomposite of palygorskite and nitrogen doped graphene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lu S, Wen Y, Bai L, Liu G, Chen Y, Du H, Wang X. pH-controlled voltammetric behaviors and detection of phytohormone 6-benzylaminopurine using MWCNT/GCE. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yan X, Li H, Xu Z, Li W. Electrocatalytic activity of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ for hypoxanthine oxidation studied by rotating electrode methods. Bioelectrochemistry 2009; 74:310-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Goyal RN, Gupta VK, Chatterjee S. Electrochemical oxidation of 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine at pyrolytic graphite electrode. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Goyal RN, Tyagi A. Oxidation chemistry of adenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate at pyrolytic graphite eletrode. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2007; 25:1345-62. [PMID: 17067957 DOI: 10.1080/15257770600918813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The voltammetric oxidation of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (3',5'-CAMP) has been studied in the pH range 2.13-10.07 using pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE). Voltammetric, coulometric, spectral studies, and product characterization indicate that the oxidation of 3',5'-CAMP occurs in an EC reaction involving a 6H+, 6e process at pH 7.24. Electrooxidized products were seperated by semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and were characterized by mp, 1HNMR, FTIR, and GC-mass as allantoin cyclic ribose monophosphate and 3 dimers as the major products. A detailed interpretation of the redox mechanism of 3',5'-CAMP also has been presented to account for the formation of various products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra N Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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A novel electrochemical sensing system for inosine and its application for inosine determination in pharmaceuticals and human serum. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Controlled potential electrolysis of inosine: Dependence of the selected potential on the nature of the electrooxidised products. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Goyal RN, Dhawan A. Electrochemical oxidation of inosine 5′-monophosphate in neutral aqueous solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Oliveira-Brett AM, Silva LA, Farace G, Vadgama P, Brett CMA. Voltammetric and impedance studies of inosine-5'-monophosphate and hypoxanthine. Bioelectrochemistry 2003; 59:49-56. [PMID: 12699819 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5394(02)00189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation mechanism and adsorption of inosine 5'-monophosphate and hypoxanthine were investigated in solutions of different pH using voltammetric and impedance methods at glassy carbon electrodes. For both compounds, the pH dependence from differential pulse voltammetry showed that the same number of electrons and protons are involved in the rate-determining step of the electrochemical reaction. In the case of hypoxanthine, it was also possible to study the effect of different concentrations. At high concentrations of hypoxanthine, two oxidation peaks were observed, the first due to hypoxanthine oxidation with formation of oligomers and the second due to hypoxanthine oligomer oxidation, both compounds adsorbing strongly. Impedance measurements corroborated the voltammetric results and enabled the study of the adsorption of hypoxanthine on glassy carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Oliveira-Brett
- Departamento de Química, Fac. Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Cavalheiro ET, Brajter-Toth A. Amperometric determination of xanthine and hypoxanthine at carbon electrodes. Effect of surface activity and the instrumental parameters on the sensitivity and the limit of detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 19:217-30. [PMID: 10698583 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The performance of active graphite and carbon fiber surfaces produced by different mechanical/electrochemical methods of surface activation has been investigated in the amperometric determinations of xanthine and hypoxanthine under physiologically relevant conditions. The electrodes showed better limits of detection (LOD) when used with differential techniques with a capability of discriminating the analytical signal from the background. Square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry showed the most sensitive response. Electrochemically activated carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes showed the highest sensitivity (58 A M(-1) cm(-2)) and the LOD in the 200 nM range was observed at the rough pyrolytic graphite electrodes by square wave voltammetry. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the development of new electroanalytical methods for the determination of oxypurines in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Cavalheiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-7200, USA
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Subramanian P, Tyagi SK, Dryhurst G. Electrochemical Oxidations of Some Purine Nucleosides. Formation of Some Novel Purine Oligonucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318708056177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Subramanian P, Heeg M, Dryhurst G. Electrochemical oxidation of 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(86)80155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Visor GC, Jackson SE, Kenley RA, Lee GC. Electrochemistry of purine derivatives. 1: Direct determination for the antiviral drug 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine by anodic differential pulse voltammetry. J Pharm Sci 1985; 74:1078-81. [PMID: 3878402 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600741012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Differential pulse voltammetry at a stationary glassy carbon electrode was used for the sensitive and selective analysis of a potent new antiviral analogue of 2-deoxyguanosine in a pharmaceutical formulation. In the electrochemical method for analysis of 9-[1,(3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] guanine (1), an electroactive internal standard (uric acid) was used. Linear peak current-concentration relationships were obtained at 1 concentrations of 0.4-2.0 mM, with a quantitation limit of 0.1 mM. Degraded solutions of 1 were assayed directly by differential pulse voltammetry and also by two chromatographic methods to demonstrate the specificity of the electrochemical method. The voltammetric method reliably provides accurate and reproducible results in considerably less time than conventional chromatographic analysis.
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Kenley RA, Jackson SE, Martin JC, Visor GC. Electrochemistry of purine derivatives. 2: Correlation of anodic differential pulse peak potentials with Hammett substituent constants. J Pharm Sci 1985; 74:1082-5. [PMID: 4078707 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600741013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Differential pulse voltammetry was used to measure anodic peak potentials at the glassy carbon electrode (in pH 2 to 11 aqueous buffer versus Ag/AgCl) for 14 purine bases and nucleosides. The tested compounds included the antiviral drugs 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)-methyl]guanine (1) and acyclovir (2) plus six analogues of 1. At pH 7, representative peak potential values were as follows: 1, 0.97 V; 2, 1.01 V; 6-amino-6-deoxy-1 1.00 V; guanosine, 1.03 V; 2'-deoxyguanosine, 1.03 V. The observed potentials at pH 7 and related literature values correlated with Hammett pi(para) substituent constants. For 24 purines, stepwise multiple linear regression provided the relationship: P7 = (1.08 +/- 0.055) + (1.13 +/- 0.13) sigma 8 + (0.338 +/- 0.061)sigma(2 + 6) + (0.281 +/- 0.043)D (with n = 24, r2 = 0.930, CV = 11.1, and F = 88) where P7 is the pH 7 oxidation potential, the subscripts refer to purine ring substitution position, and D is an indicator variable for substitution at purine N9 by furanoside or glycoside analogue moieties. The observed relationship permits predictions of anodic peak potentials for other purines the substitution patterns of which are known.
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Electrolysis of N-Heterocyclic Compounds (Part II). ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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24
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Astwood D, Lippincott T, Deysher M, D'Amico C, Szurley E, Brajter-Toth A. Electrochemical and enzymatic oxidation of 2,6-diaminopurine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(83)80629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Goyal R, Brajter-Toth A, Besca JS, Dryhurst G. The electrochemical and peroxidase-catalyzed redox chemistry of 9-β-D-ribofuranosyluric acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(83)80154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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