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John CW, Proshlyakov DA. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrovoltammetry and Quantitative Modeling of Analytes in Kinetically Constrained Redox Mixtures. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9563-9570. [PMID: 31257856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active analytes that do not support direct electron transfer on the electrode, such as proteins with buried redox centers, pose challenges to characterization of their structural and thermodynamic properties. Investigations of indirect transitions in analytes supported by complex redox mixtures require a careful balance between kinetic limitations and spectral interference from the mediators. Using methylene green and thionine acetate as redox mediators and myoglobin as the analyte, we demonstrate that normal pulse spectrovoltammetry (NPSV) with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) detection and subsequent global spectral regression analysis can resolve structural and thermodynamic properties simultaneously with little a priori information. Both the E1/2 and unbiased redox difference FT-IR spectra of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couple of myoglobin in reduction and oxidation NPSV modes were in good agreement with those reported earlier by independent techniques. The thermodynamic and kinetic limitations of mediators/analyte interactions were investigated using comprehensive semiempirical kinetic simulation models. This modeling effort yielded a flexible computational tool capable of quantitatively predicting the redox response in mediated electrochemical studies and defining its limitations, thus greatly expanding the range and precision of the formal mediator/analyte concentration ratio rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W John
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Denis A Proshlyakov
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
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2
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Ju HX, Zhuang QK, Long YT. The Preface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Dilgin DG, Gligor D, Gökçel Hİ, Dursun Z, Dilgin Y. Glassy carbon electrode modified with poly-Neutral Red for photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of NADH. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Liu Q, Li Y, Zhang L, Li D, Fan C, Long YT. Comparative Studies on Electrocatalytic Activities of Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Noncovalently Functionalized with Poly(methylene blue). ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Liu Y, Zhang HL, Lai GS, Yu AM, Huang YM, Han DY. Amperometric NADH Biosensor Based on Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres/Poly(thionine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Noorbakhsh A, Salimi A. Amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide at nano-nickel oxide/thionine and celestine blue nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Ashok Kumar S, Chen SL, Chen SM. Amperometric Sensor for Detection of the Reduced Form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Using a Poly(pyronin B) Film Modified Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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ZHOU JL, NIE PP, ZHENG HT, ZHANG JM. Progress of Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (phosphate)-Dependent Dehydrogenases. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Du D, Ye X, Zhang J, liu D. Cathodic electrochemical analysis of methyl parathion at bismuth-film-modified glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Chen S, Yuan R, Chai Y, Li N. A New Enzyme Immobilization Technique Based on Thionine-Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugate and Gold Colloidal Nanoparticles for Reagentless Amperometric Biosensor Applications. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Thenmozhi K, Narayanan SS. Surface renewable sol–gel composite electrode derived from 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane with covalently immobilized thionin. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 23:606-12. [PMID: 17766102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sol-gel technique has been used for the covalent immobilization of the water-soluble mediator, thionin to construct a bulk modified, leak free composite electrode. This renewable composite electrode provides stable immobilization matrix for thionin via glutaraldehyde crosslinking. In the electrode composition the sol-gel precursor 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane serves as the host for immobilization of thionin, thereby preventing its leakage. An additional precursor methyl trimethoxy silane endows hydrophobicity and limits the wetting section of the modified electrode. Cyclic voltammetric characterization of the modified electrode in the potential range of 0.2 to -0.6 V exhibited stable redox peaks with a formal potential of -0.273 V, corresponding to immobilized thionin. This chemically modified electrode exhibits good electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H(2)O(2) at a lower potential of -0.35 V. The reduction current of the modified electrode increases linearly in the range of 3.44 x 10(-6)M to 3.07 x 10(-3)M H(2)O(2) with a detection limit of 1.38 x 10(-6)M. The stable and quick response (5s) during chronoamperometry shows the potential application of the modified electrode for flow system analysis. The low potential operation (-0.35 V) favoured selective determination of H(2)O(2). The composite electrode exhibits distinct advantages of polishing in the event of surface fouling as well as simple preparation, good chemical and mechanical stability, economical and remarkable long-term stability (more than 1 year). The applicability of the present sensor for H(2)O(2) determination proposes a method for the detection of other biologically significant analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thenmozhi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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12
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Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrite Ion on a Toluidine Blue Sol-Gel Thin Film Electrode Derived from 3-Aminopropyl Trimethoxy Silane. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Zhang X, Wang S, Jia L, Xu Z, Zeng Y. An electrochemical sensor for determination of calcium dobesilate based on PoPD/MWNTs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:1203-9. [PMID: 17988745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A poly-o-phenylenediamine and multi-wall carbon nanotubes composite (PoPD/MWNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by in situ electropolymerization using an ionic surfactant as the supporting electrolyte. The morphology of the resulting PoPD/MWNTs composite was characterized by TEM and the electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of calcium dobesilate on PoPD/MWNTs modified electrode was also investigated. The large current response of calcium dobesilate on PoPD/MWNTs modified electrode is probably caused by the synergistic effect of the electrocatalytic property of PoPD and MWNTs. The reductive peak current increased linearly with the concentration of calcium dobesilate in the range of 0.1-1.0 micromol/L and 4.0-400 micromol/L by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry, respectively. The detection limit (three times the signal blank/slope) was 0.035 micromol/L. The modified electrode could eliminate the interference of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine at 100-, 90- and 70-fold concentration of 1.0 micromol/L calcium dobesilate, respectively. The proposed modified electrode provides a new promising and alternative way to detect calcium dobesilate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Zhang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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14
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Wang SF, Xie F, Hu RF. Electrochemical study of brucine on an electrode modified with magnetic carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:933-9. [PMID: 17180337 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of glassy carbon electrode modified with magnetic carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles (C-Ni/GCE) was fabricated and the electrochemical properties of brucine were studied using it. The carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the redox of brucine and an enhanced electron transfer rate. The electrochemical behavior of brucine on the C-Ni/GCE was explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and a redox mechanism for brucine was proposed. A series of electrochemical parameters were calculated for brucine by CV and controlled-potential electrolysis. The C-Ni/GCE showed good sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and was applied to determine the concentration of brucine. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) response of the C-Ni/GCE showed that the catalytic current was linear with the concentration of brucine in the range of 4.7 x 10(-8) to 2.4 x 10(-4) mol l(-1), with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The detection limit was 1.4 x 10(-8) mol l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fu Wang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Electrocatalytic sensing of NADH on a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrografted o-aminophenol film. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zeng J, Wei W, Wu L, Liu X, Liu K, Li Y. Fabrication of poly(toluidine blue O)/carbon nanotube composite nanowires and its stable low-potential detection of NADH. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Salimi A, Amini N, Danyali H, Hallaj R. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Chromium(VI) by Thionin: Electrochemical Properties and Mechanistic Study. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Salimi A, Noorbakhsh A, Soltanian S. Electroless Deposition of Thionin onto Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Single Wall and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes: Improvement of the Electrochemical Reversibility and Stability. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Lawrence NS, Wang J. Chemical adsorption of phenothiazine dyes onto carbon nanotubes: Toward the low potential detection of NADH. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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20
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HASEBE Y, SHIRAI T, NAGASHIMA T, GU T, UCHIYAMA S. FIA of NADH Using Flow-Through Electrochemical Detector with Thionine-Adsorbed Carbon Felt. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2005. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.54.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi HASEBE
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology
| | - Takayuki SHIRAI
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology
| | - Tomohiro NAGASHIMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology
| | - Tingting GU
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology
| | - Shunichi UCHIYAMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology
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Dicu D, Munteanu FD, Catalin Popescu I, Gorton L. Indophenol andO-Quinone Derivatives Immobilized on Zirconium Phosphate for NADH Electro-oxidation. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120023613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Rodríguez-Granda P, Jesús Lobo-Castañón M, Miranda-Ordieres AJ, Tuñón-Blanco P. Modified carbon paste electrodes for flow injection amperometric determination of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in serum. Anal Biochem 2002; 308:195-203. [PMID: 12419330 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A carbon paste electrode modified with the adsorbed products of the electrochemical oxidation of adenosine triphosphate is described. The electrode was applied to the amperometric electrocatalytic detection of the reduced form of both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The catalytic oxidation current shows a linear dependence on the concentration of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide up to 1x10(-4)M, with a detection limit of 5x10(-9)M. Modified carbon paste electrodes were coated with an electrogenerated film of nonconducting poly(o-phenylenediamine) to obtain a stable amperometric response for at least 150h. In addition to static measurements, determination of both reduced cofactors was carried out in a flow injection analysis system with a thin-layer amperometric detection cell. The electrocatalytic monitoring of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was applied to flow injection measurement of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in serum. The results were in good agreement with those for the standard spectrophotometric test kit. The proposed method consumed less time and reagents and provided better precision than the standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Granda
- Departamento de Química-Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Fang C, Zhou X. The Electrochemical Characteristics of C60-Glutathione Modified Au Electrode and the Electrocatalytic Oxidationof NADH. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200107)13:11<949::aid-elan949>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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A comparative study of different adenine derivatives for the electrocatalytic oxidation of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Kawasaki M, Sato T. Direct Voltammetric Observation of Reversible and Irreversible Oxidations of Two-Dimensional J-Aggregates of Cyanine Dye. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Alvarez-González MI, Saidman SB, Lobo-Castañón MJ, Miranda-Ordieres AJ, Tuñón-Blanco P. Electrocatalytic detection of NADH and glycerol by NAD(+)-modified carbon electrodes. Anal Chem 2000; 72:520-7. [PMID: 10695137 DOI: 10.1021/ac9908344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of the adenine moiety in NAD+ and other adenine nucleotides at carbon paste electrodes gives rise to redox-active products which strongly adsorb on the electrode surface. Carbon paste electrodes modified with the oxidation products of NAD+ show excellent electrocatalytic activity toward NADH oxidation, reducing its overpotential by about 400 mV. The rate constant for the catalytic oxidation of NADH, determined by rotating disk electrode measurements and extrapolation to zero concentration of NADH, was found to be 2.5 x 10(5) M-1 s-1. The catalytic oxidation current allows the amperometric detection of NADH at an applied potential of +50 mV (Ag/AgCl) with a detection limit of 4.0 x 10(-7) M and linear response up to 1.0 x 10(-5) M NADH. These modified electrodes can be used as amperometric transducers in the design of biosensors based on coupled dehydrogenase enzymes and, in fact, we have designed an amperometric biosensor for glycerol based on the glycerol dehydrogenase (GlDH) system. The enzyme GlDH and its cofactor NAD+ were co-immobilized in a carbon paste electrode using an electropolymerized layer of nonconducting poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PPD). After partial oxidation of the immobilized NAD+, the modified electrode allows the amperometric detection of the NADH enzymatically obtained at applied potential above 0 V (Ag/AgCl). The resulting biosensor shows a fast and linear response to glycerol within the concentration range of 1.0 x 10(-6)-1.0 x 10(-4) M with a detection limit of 4.3 x 10(-7) M. The amperometric response remains stable for at least 3 days. The biosensor was applied to the determination of glycerol in a plant-extract syrup, with results in good agreement with those for the standard spectrophotometric method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Alvarez-González
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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XU JJ, WANG C, CHEN HY. Electrochemical Characteristics of Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Monolayer Anchoring to Bi-(2-aminoethyl)-aminodithiocarboxyl Acid Self-assembled Film Modified Electode. ANAL SCI 2000. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.16.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Juan XU
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University
| | - Chen WANG
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University
| | - Hong-Yuan CHEN
- Department of Chemistry, The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University
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Structure and electrochemical behavior of a flavin sulfide monolayer adsorbed on gold. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Yang R, Ruan C, Dai W, Deng J, Kong J. Electropolymerization of thionine in neutral aqueous media and H2O2 biosensor based on poly(thionine). Electrochim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Ruan C, Yang R, Chen X, Deng J. A reagentless amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on covalently binding horseradish peroxidase and thionine using a thiol-modified gold electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Xu JJ, Zhou DM, Chen HY. A Reagentless Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on the Coimmobilization of Thionine and Horseradish Peroxidase by Their Cross-Linking with Glutaraldehyde on Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199808)10:10<713::aid-elan713>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Zhou DM, Sun JJ, Chen HY, Fang HQ. Electrochemical polymerization of toluidine blue and its application for the amperometric determination of β-d-glucose. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)00297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Electrocatalytical oxidation of NADH with dopamine covalently bound to self-assembled cysteamine monolayers on a gold electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(97)00042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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