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Gravimetric and dynamic deconvolution of global EQCM response of carbon nanotube based electrodes by Ac-electrogravimetry. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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2
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Ates M, Uludag N. Carbazole derivative synthesis and their electropolymerization. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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DeNolf GC, Sturdy LF, Shull KR. High-frequency rheological characterization of homogeneous polymer films with the quartz crystal microbalance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9731-9740. [PMID: 25019936 DOI: 10.1021/la502090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We utilize quartz crystal resonators operating at multiple resonant harmonics to measure the high-frequency rheological properties of materials with a broad range of viscoelastic properties. The technique is demonstrated with poly(t-butyl acrylate) films in the vicinity of the calorimetrically determined glass transition and with rubbery polyisoprene films. The technique is a noncontact technique that can be used to quantify the temperature or time-dependent viscoelastic response in homogeneous films with thicknesses in the micrometer range. This work complements the ability of the resonators to quantify the viscoelastic behavior of viscoelastic polymer solutions and simple Newtonian liquids. For each material we obtain the density-shear modulus product and the viscoelastic phase angle at frequencies of 5 and 15 MHz. A standardized analysis protocol is described that enables this information to be obtained reliably and accurately. The polyisoprene data are found to be in good agreement with measurements obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis using extrapolated temperature shift factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret C DeNolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
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Reyna-González JM, Roquero P, Rivera E. A Comparative Investigation Between Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and Poly(3,6-N-vinylcarbazole): Spectroscopy, Conductivity, Thermal and Optical Properties. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855509x436058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Reyna-González
- a Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 D.F. México, México
| | - Pedro Roquero
- b Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 D.F. México, México
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- c Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 D.F. México, México
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Waenkaew P, Taranekar P, Jiang G, Huang CY, Fulghum T, Patton D, Jayarathna L, Phanichphant S, Advincula RC. Nanostructured Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) Precursor Ultrathin Films. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Waenkaew P, Phanichphant S, Advincula RC. Electropolymerization of layer-by-layer precursor polymer films. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Levi MD, Sigalov S, Salitra G, Aurbach D, Maier J. The Effect of Specific Adsorption of Cations and Their Size on the Charge-Compensation Mechanism in Carbon Micropores: The Role of Anion Desorption. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:854-62. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Tria MC, Liao KS, Alley N, Curran S, Advincula R. Electrochemically crosslinked surface-grafted PVK polymer brushes as a hole transport layer for organic photovoltaics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Parlak EA, Sarac AS, Serantoni M, Bobacka J. Electropolymerization ofN-hydroxyethylcarbazole on carbon fiber microelectrodes. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Fulghum TM, Taranekar P, Advincula RC. Grafting Hole-Transport Precursor Polymer Brushes on ITO Electrodes: Surface-Initiated Polymerization and Conjugated Polymer Network Formation of PVK. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Fulghum
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Prasad Taranekar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Rigoberto C. Advincula
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
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Sezer E, Skompska M, Heınze J. Voltammetric, EQCM, and in situ conductance studies of p- and n-dopable polymers based on ethylenedioxythiophene and bithiazole. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Ravindranath R, Ajikumar PK, Bahulayan S, Hanafiah NBM, Baba A, Advincula RC, Knoll W, Valiyaveettil S. Ultrathin Conjugated Polymer Network Films of Carbazole Functionalized Poly(p-Phenylenes) via Electropolymerization. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6336-43. [PMID: 17521182 DOI: 10.1021/jp070127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin films of a cross-linked and chemically distinct conjugated poly(p-phenylene) network via electropolymerization are described. The amphiphilic network precursor was synthesized by incorporating the alkoxy carbazole group (-O(CH2)5Cb) to a poly(p-phenylene) (C6PPPOH) backbone. In order to investigate the combined thin film electrochemical and photophysical properties of poly(p-phenylene)s and polycarbazole conjugated polymers, C6PPPC5Cb was deposited on substrates using the Langmuir Blodgett Kuhn (LBK) method. The monolayer isotherm of the polymer, C6PPPC5Cb, showed a liquid expanded region slightly different from the parent polymer C6PPPOH. Multilayers (up to 30 layers) were transferred to different substrates such as quartz, gold coated LaSFN9 and ITO substrates for analysis. For conversion to a conjugated polymer network (CPN) film, the electroactive carbazole group was electropolymerized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) resulting in polycarbazole linking units. The differences in the film properties and corresponding changes in the electrochemical behavior indicate the importance of film thickness and electron/ion transport process in cross linked network films. From the electrochemical studies, the scan rate was found to have a considerable effect on electropolymerization with higher oxidation and reduction peak values found for the rigid network polymer compared to the uncrosslinked polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Ravindranath
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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Reyna-González JM, Aguilar-Martínez M, Bautista-Martínez JA, Rivera E, González I, Roquero P. Influence of the acidity level on the electropolymerization of N-vinylcarbazole: Electrochemical study and characterization of poly(3,6-N-vinylcarbazole). POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Fulghum T, Karim SMA, Baba A, Taranekar P, Nakai T, Masuda T, Advincula RC. Conjugated Poly(phenylacetylene) Films Cross-Linked with Electropolymerized Polycarbazole Precursors. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0510946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Fulghum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - S. M. Abdul Karim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Baba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Prasad Taranekar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rigoberto C. Advincula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Rutkowska IA, Stroka J, Wrona PK, Galus Z. Electrochemical and EQCM studies of growth and dissolution processes of deposits on gold electrodes: uranyl-hexacyanoferrate films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Lee JS, Seok Lyoo W, Kyun Noh S, Ho Kim J, Won Lee J, Do Ghim H, Youl Lee J. Preparation of high-molecular-weight poly(N-vinylcarbazole) by the photoinduced low-temperature solution polymerization ofN-vinylcarbazole in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Lyoo WS, Ghim HD, Kim HS, Kim JH, Kim SS, Yoon WS, Lee J, Lee SS. Low-temperature photoinitiation solution polymerization behavior of N-vinylcarbazole in tetrahydrofuran. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lyoo WS, Kim JH, Yoon WS, Kim DH, Choi JH, Ji BC, Lee CJ. Effects of polymer concentration and zone drawing on the physical properties of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) thick film. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Study of anion adsorption on polycrystalline Pt by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. Electrochem commun 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2481(00)00102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lee CJ, Kim DH, Oh JM, Park KH, Kim N, Ji BC, Lyoo WS. Solution polymerization behavior of N-vinylcarbazole by low-temperature azoinitiator. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000606)76:10<1558::aid-app10>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Lyoo WS, Oh JM, Kim DH, Kim JH, Yoon WS, Ji BC, Ghim HD, Lee CJ. Preparation of high molecular weight poly(N-vinylcarbazole) in high yield by low-temperature precipitation polymerization ofN-vinylcarbazole. POLYM INT 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0126(200011)49:11<1324::aid-pi485>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Vico S, Carlier V, Buess-Herman C. Spectroelectrochemical study of the influence of anions on the behaviour of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Charlier J, Bureau C, Lecayon G. Electropolymerization of methacrylonitrile and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as probed by an EQCM. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and spectroelectrochemical studies of the influence of cations on the formation and electroactivity of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) films in acetonitrile solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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