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Effect of Pd on the Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt towards Oxidation of Ethanol in Alkaline Solutions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of electrocatalytic activity and poisoning resistance properties of Pt and Pd nanoparticles, recognized as the best electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction, is an essential step for the commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). In this paper, mono and bimetallic Pt and Pd nanoparticles with different atomic ratios have been synthesized to study their electrocatalytic properties for an ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline solutions. The different nanoparticles were physiochemically characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. The electrochemical measurements indicate that Pt nanoparticles have much higher electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation than Pd nanoparticles. The studies with bimetallic PtPd nanoparticles showed a significant impact of their composition on the ethanol oxidation. Thus, the highest electrocatalytic activity and poisoning resistance properties were obtained for Pt3Pd2 nanoparticles. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the poisoning of the catalyst surface through ethanol oxidation is related to the prevalence of the acetaldehyde–acetate route and the polymerization of acetaldehyde through aldol condensation in the alkaline media.
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La0.80Sr0.20CoO3 as a noble-metal-free catalyst for the direct oxidation of formic acid under zero applied potential. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Puthiyapura VK, Lin WF, Russell AE, Brett DJL, Hardacre C. Effect of Mass Transport on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Alcohols Over Electrodeposited Film and Carbon-Supported Pt Electrodes. Top Catal 2018; 61:240-253. [PMID: 30956508 PMCID: PMC6413813 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of four different alcohol molecules (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and 2-butanol) at electrodeposited Pt film and carbon-supported Pt catalyst film electrodes, as well as the effect of mass transport on the oxidation reaction, has been studied systematically using the rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique. It was shown that oxidation current decreased with an increase in the rotation rate (ω) for all alcohols studied over electrodeposited Pt film electrodes. In contrast, the oxidation current was found to increase with an increase in the ω for Pt/C in ethanol and n-butanol-containing solutions. The decrease was found to be nearly reversible for ethanol and n-butanol at the electrodeposited Pt film electrode ruling out the possibility of intermediate COads poisoning being the sole cause of the decrease and was attributed to the formation of soluble intermediate species which diffuse away from the electrode at higher ω. In contrast, an increase in the current with an increase in ω for the carbon supported catalyst may suggest that the increase in residence time of the soluble species within the catalyst layer, results in further oxidation of these species. Furthermore, the reversibility of the peak current on decreasing the ω could indicate that the surface state has not significantly changed due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of ethanol and n-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Puthiyapura
- 1School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Wen-Feng Lin
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE1 13TU UK
| | - Andrea E Russell
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, High Field, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Dan J L Brett
- 4Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- 1School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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dos Reis RGCS, Colmati F. Electrochemical alcohol oxidation: a comparative study of the behavior of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol on carbon-supported PtSn, PtCu, and Pt nanoparticles. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Puthiyapura VK, Brett DJL, Russell AE, Lin WF, Hardacre C. Biobutanol as Fuel for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells-Investigation of Sn-Modified Pt Catalyst for Butanol Electro-oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12859-70. [PMID: 27140480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) mostly use low molecular weight alcohols such as methanol and ethanol as fuels. However, short-chain alcohol molecules have a relative high membrane crossover rate in DAFCs and a low energy density. Long chain alcohols such as butanol have a higher energy density, as well as a lower membrane crossover rate compared to methanol and ethanol. Although a significant number of studies have been dedicated to low molecular weight alcohols in DAFCs, very few studies are available for longer chain alcohols such as butanol. A significant development in the production of biobutanol and its proposed application as an alternative fuel to gasoline in the past decade makes butanol an interesting candidate fuel for fuel cells. Different butanol isomers were compared in this study on various Pt and PtSn bimetallic catalysts for their electro-oxidation activities in acidic media. Clear distinctive behaviors were observed for each of the different butanol isomers using cyclic voltammetry (CV), indicating a difference in activity and the mechanism of oxidation. The voltammograms of both n-butanol and iso-butanol showed similar characteristic features, indicating a similar reaction mechanism, whereas 2-butanol showed completely different features; for example, it did not show any indication of poisoning. Ter-butanol was found to be inactive for oxidation on Pt. In situ FTIR and CV analysis showed that OHads was essential for the oxidation of primary butanol isomers which only forms at high potentials on Pt. In order to enhance the water oxidation and produce OHads at lower potentials, Pt was modified by the oxophilic metal Sn and the bimetallic PtSn was studied for the oxidation of butanol isomers. A significant enhancement in the oxidation of the 1° butanol isomers was observed on addition of Sn to the Pt, resulting in an oxidation peak at a potential ∼520 mV lower than that found on pure Pt. The higher activity of PtSn was attributed to the bifunctional mechanism on PtSn catalyst. The positive influence of Sn was also confirmed in the PtSn nanoparticle catalyst prepared by the modification of commercial Pt/C nanoparticle and a higher activity was observed for PtSn (3:1) composition. The temperature-dependent data showed that the activation energy for butanol oxidation reaction over PtSn/C is lower than that over Pt/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Puthiyapura
- Centre for the Theory and Application of Catalysis (CenTACat), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) , Belfast, BT9 5AG, U.K
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester , The Mill, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Dan J L Brett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL) , London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Andrea E Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton , High Field, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Wen-Feng Lin
- Centre for the Theory and Application of Catalysis (CenTACat), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) , Belfast, BT9 5AG, U.K
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- Centre for the Theory and Application of Catalysis (CenTACat), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast (QUB) , Belfast, BT9 5AG, U.K
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester , The Mill, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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McEntee M, Tang W, Neurock M, Yates JT. Mechanistic Insights into the Catalytic Oxidation of Carboxylic Acids on Au/TiO2: Partial Oxidation of Propionic and Butyric Acid to Gold Ketenylidene through Unsaturated Acids. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5014255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica McEntee
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Matthew Neurock
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John T. Yates
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Mukherjee P, Bhattacharya SK. Anodic oxidation of butan-1-ol on Pd and Pt electrodes in alkaline medium. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-014-0694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Electrochemical behaviour of gamma hydroxybutyric acid at a platinum electrode in acidic medium. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu QH, Li NH, Sun SG. Manipulation of Electrocatalytic Reaction Pathways through Surface Chemistry: In Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of 1,3-Butanediol Oxidation on a Pt Surface Modified with Sb and S Adatoms. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:11383-90. [PMID: 16771410 DOI: 10.1021/jp0609030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to study the electrocatalytic properties of a Pt electrode modified with adatoms of antimony (Sb) or sulfur (S) for 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BD) oxidation. The results demonstrated the possibility of manipulating the reaction pathways involved in 1,3-BD oxidation through chemical modification of the Pt electrode surface. Both Sb and S adatoms (Sb(ad) and S(ad)) can inhibit the dissociative reaction of 1,3-BD into CO, which is the main source of self-poisoning in electrocatalysis of small organic molecules. On Pt electrodes modified with a high coverage of Sb(ad) (Pt/Sb(ad)) the onset oxidation potential of 1,3-BD has been significantly decreased, which is attributed to the fact that the oxidation of Sb(ad) occurs at lower potentials than that of the Pt surface. In situ FTIR results illustrated that, although at potentials below 0.5 V (vs a saturated calomel electrode), at which the Sb(ad) is stable on the Pt electrode surface, both carbonyl and CO2 species have been observed, the principal oxidation products of 1,3-BD are carbonyl species. Such results indicate that the reaction is mainly the dehydrogenation of 1,3-BD molecules. However, at potentials above 0.5 V the proportion of CO2 species in the oxidation products increases quickly, implying that the reaction has turned to the breakage of C-C bonds in 1,3-BD molecules and the subsequent oxidation of the cleaved fragments. In contrast with the cases of 1,3-BD oxidation on Pt and Pt/Sb(ad) electrodes, the reaction of 1,3-BD oxidation on a Pt electrode modified with S adatoms (Pt/S(ad)) is oriented completely to the production of carbonyl species when electrode potentials are below 0.9 V, though the reaction activity is relatively low. When the electrode potential is increased above 0.9 V, the intensity of the CO2 IR band in the FTIR spectra increases rapidly, corresponding to a fast oxidation of 1,3-BD on surface Pt sites recovered by the oxidation and desorption of S(ad) from the Pt surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Semiconductor Photonics Research Center, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Gong H, Sun SG, Chen YJ, Chen SP. In Situ Microscope FTIRS Studies of CO Adsorption on an Individually Addressable Array of Nanostructured Pt Microelectrodes − An Approach of Combinatorial Analysis of Anomalous IR Properties. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0375822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - You-Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sheng-Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Yáñez C, Gutiérrez C, Ureta-Zañartu M. Electrooxidation of primary alcohols on smooth and electrodeposited platinum in acidic solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)01313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen S, Schell M. Excitability and multistability in the electrochemical oxidation of primary alcohols. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chbihi MM, Takky D, Hahn F, Huser H, Léger J, Lamy C. In-situ infrared reflectance spectroscopic study of propanediol electrooxidation at platinum and gold. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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In situ FTIR spectroscopic studies of electrooxidation of C4 alcohols on platinum electrodes in acid solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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