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Ramos NC, Medlin JW, Holewinski A. Electrochemical Stability of Thiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au, Pt, and Cu. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36898023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiolates have increasingly been used for modification of metal surfaces in electrochemical applications including selective catalysis (e.g., CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction) and chemical sensing. Here, the stable electrochemical potential window of thiolate SAMs on Au, Pt, and Cu electrodes is systematically studied for a variety of thiols in aqueous electrolyte systems. For fixed tail-group functionality, the reductive stability of thiolate SAMs is found to follow the trend Au < Pt < Cu; this can be understood by considering the combined influences of the binding strength of sulfur and competitive adsorption of hydrogen. The oxidative stability of thiolate SAMs is found to follow the order: Cu < Pt < Au, consistent with each surface's propensity toward surface oxide formation. The stable reductive and oxidative potential limits are both found to vary linearly with pH, except for reduction above pH ∼10, which is independent of pH for most thiol compositions. The electrochemical stability across different functionalized thiols is then revealed to depend on many different factors including SAM defects (accessible surface metal atom sites decrease stability), intermolecular interactions (hydrophilic groups reduce the stability), and SAM thickness (stability increases with alkanethiol carbon chain length) as well as factors such as SAM-induced surface reconstruction and the ability to directly oxidize or reduce the non-sulfur part of the SAM molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael C Ramos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, JSCBB, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, SEEC, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - J Will Medlin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, JSCBB, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Adam Holewinski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, JSCBB, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, SEEC, 4001 Discovery Dr, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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2
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Oliveira GCMD, Carvalho JHDS, Brazaca LC, Vieira NCS, Janegitz BC. Flexible platinum electrodes as electrochemical sensor and immunosensor for Parkinson's disease biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 152:112016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Haimov B, Iakovlev A, Glick-Carmi R, Bloch L, Rich BB, Müller M, Pokroy B. Kinetics of Nanoscale Self-Assembly Measured on Liquid Drops by Macroscopic Optical Tensiometry: From Mercury to Water and Fluorocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2585-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Haimov
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
- Russell
Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Anton Iakovlev
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rotem Glick-Carmi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonid Bloch
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin B. Rich
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August Universität, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
- Russell
Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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4
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Biswas GC, Watanabe T, Carlen ET, Yokokawa M, Suzuki H. Switchable Hydrophobic Valve for Controlled Microfluidic Processing. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:817-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Chandra Biswas
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Edwin T. Carlen
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yokokawa
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences; University of Tsukuba; 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
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5
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Singh PS, Chan HSM, Kang S, Lemay SG. Stochastic amperometric fluctuations as a probe for dynamic adsorption in nanofluidic electrochemical systems. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18289-95. [PMID: 21957965 DOI: 10.1021/ja2067669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of analyte molecules is ubiquitous in nanofluidic channels due to their large surface-to-volume ratios. It is also difficult to quantify due to the nanometric scale of these channels. We propose a simple method to probe dynamic adsorption at electrodes that are embedded in nanofluidic channels or which enclose nanoscopic volumes. The amperometric method relies on measuring the amplitude of the fluctuations of the redox cycling current that arise when the channel is diffusively coupled to a bulk reservoir. We demonstrate the versatility of this new method by quantifying adsorption for several redox couples, investigating the dependence of adsorption on the electrode potential and studying the effect of functionalizing the electrodes with self-assembled monolayers of organothiol molecules bearing polar end groups. These self-assembled monolayer coatings are shown to significantly reduce the adsorption of the molecules on to the electrodes. The detection method is not limited to electrodes in nanochannels and can be easily extended to redox cycling systems that enclose very small volumes, in particular scanning electrochemical microscopy with nanoelectrodes. It thus opens the way for imaging spatial heterogeneity with respect to adsorption, as well as rational design of interfaces for redox cycling based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna S Singh
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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6
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Mazloum-Ardakani M, Beitollahi H, Amini MK, Mirjalili BF, Mirkhalaf F. Simultaneous determination of epinephrine and uric acid at a gold electrode modified by a 2-(2,3-dihydroxy phenyl)-1, 3-dithiane self-assembled monolayer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Yu Y, Feng C, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Knoll W. The detection of DNA hybridization on phosphorus dendrimer multilayer films by surface plasmon field enhanced-fluorescence spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13680-13684. [PMID: 19711957 DOI: 10.1021/la901988r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimer multilayers on gold substrates prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique were characterized and used as substrates for DNA immobilization/hybridization. The multilayers, built using alternately polycationic and polyanionic phosphorus dendrimers of generation 4, were studied by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. By varying the concentration of NaCl, the optimized optical thickness of a single dendrimer layer (about 4.5 nm) was achieved. Using the multilayers as the substrate, a high loading of DNA probes was obtained through covalent coupling of probe DNA on dendrimer multilayer film. The following hybridization of Cy5-dye labeled complementary target DNA with immobilized probe DNA was detected by surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS). The limit of detection of target DNA upon hybridization reached 50 pM and 30 pM on 1 bilayer and 4 bilayers, respectively. The phosphorus dendrimer multilayer films display high stability during repeated regeneration and hybridization cycles. The sensitive platforms based on dendrimer multilayers deposited in the presence of NaCl make them attractive candidates for application in DNA sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D55128, Mainz, Germany
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Campbell CJ, Soh S, Grzybowski BA. Blocking of disulfide adsorption by coadsorbing omega-functionalized alkane thiols revealed by wet stamping and fluorescence microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11600-11604. [PMID: 18811219 DOI: 10.1021/la801569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
When alkane thiols and disulfides coadsorb onto gold, they do not necessarily create a mixed monolayer. In particular, when thiols are terminated in groups capable of hydrogen bonding, they can altogether eliminate adsorption of disulfides. Such elimination can be observed directly by using fluorescently labeled disulfides and monitoring their adsorption (or lack of) by fluorescence microscopy. These experiments suggest a mechanism in which adsorption of thiols is facilitated by hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Nogues C, Lang P. Self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers on a Zn substrate: structure and organization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8385-91. [PMID: 17595122 DOI: 10.1021/la0701879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This work concerns a first step toward the use of self-assembled monolayers derived from thiols as coupling layers between a zinc surface and organic coatings. The adsorption, structure, and aging of alkanelthiol monolayers on zinc substrates have been studied by contact angle measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. The thiols self-assemble on the zinc surface to form a highly hydrophobic monolayer. The molecules are well organized with very few gauche defects, oriented nearly normal to the surface, and protect the zinc from oxidation in a neutral aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nogues
- ITODYS (CNRS UMR 7086), University Paris 7, 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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Williams JA, Gorman CB. Scanning tunneling microscopy-based replacement lithography on self-assembled monolayers: comparison of gold, palladium, and platinum substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:3103-5. [PMID: 17300207 DOI: 10.1021/la061472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on gold, palladium, and platinum can be locally replaced with a different thiol under the action of a scanning tunneling microscopy tip at elevated bias. This process is characterized and the bias dependence of the degree of replacement for each metal substrate is illustrated. Replacement on gold substrates occurs at lower applied potentials than on platinum substrates, provided care has been taken to remove surface oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
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11
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Rößler K, Rüffer T, Walfort B, Packheiser R, Holze R, Zharnikov M, Lang H. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical behavior of unsymmetric transition metal-terminated biphenyl ethynyl thiols. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Petrovykh DY, Kimura-Suda H, Opdahl A, Richter LJ, Tarlov MJ, Whitman LJ. Alkanethiols on platinum: multicomponent self-assembled monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:2578-87. [PMID: 16519457 DOI: 10.1021/la050928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiols on platinum thin films using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and contact angle (CA) measurements. Specifically, SAMs of 1-hexanethiol, 1-dodecanethiol, and 1-octadecanethiol were grown on polycrystalline Pt films, and the effects of Pt surface preparation, deposition conditions, and solvent treatments on the initial quality and stability of the monolayer in air were investigated. The SAMs prepared under ambient conditions on piranha-cleaned and UV/ozone-cleaned substrates were compared to monolayers formed on template-stripped Pt in an inert atmosphere. We found that alkanethiols deposited from 1 mM ethanolic solutions on piranha-cleaned Pt formed densely packed monolayers in which alkyl chains were oriented close to the surface normal. Stored in the laboratory ambient, these monolayers were unchanged over about 1 week but were largely oxidized in about 1 month. No evidence was found of molecules being weakly bound within the monolayer or having undergone C-S bond scission; however, three distinct sulfur states were observed for all samples in the XPS of the S 2p region. The lowest- and highest-binding-energy components are assigned to alkylthiolate and partially oxidized alkylthiolate species, respectively. The remaining S 2p component (approximately one-third of the sulfur layer), intermediate in binding energy between the other two components, is attributed to a chemisorbed species with a S binding configuration distinct from the majority alkylthiolate: for example, S bound to Pt bound to O, S with a different Pt coordination number, or S in an adsorbed disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Y Petrovykh
- Physics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
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13
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Feng CL, Zhang Z, Förch R, Knoll W, Vancso GJ, Schönherr H. Reactive Thin Polymer Films as Platforms for the Immobilization of Biomolecules. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:3243-51. [PMID: 16283752 DOI: 10.1021/bm050247u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spin-coated thin films of poly(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl methacrylate) (PNHSMA) on oxidized silicon and gold surfaces were investigated as reactive layers for obtaining platforms for biomolecule immobilization with high molecular loading. The surface reactivity of PNHSMA films in coupling reactions with various primary amines, including amine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-NH2) and fluoresceinamine, was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorescence microscopy, and ellipsometry measurements, respectively. The rate constants of PEG-NH2 attachment on the PNHSMA films were found to be significantly increased compared to the coupling on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 11,11'-dithiobis(N-hydroxysuccinimidylundecanoate) (NHS-C10) on gold under the same conditions. More significantly, the PEG loading observed was about 3 times higher for the polymer thin films. These data indicate that the coupling reactions are not limited to the very surface of the polymer films, but proceed into the near-surface regions of the films. PNHSMA films were shown to be stable in contact with aqueous buffer; the swelling analysis, as performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), indicated a film thickness independent swelling of approximately 2 nm. An increased loading was also observed by surface plasmon resonance for the covalent immobilization of amino-functionalized probe DNA. Hybridization of fluorescently labeled target DNA was successfully detected by fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS), thereby demonstrating that thin films of PNHSMA comprise an attractive and simple platform for the immobilization of biomolecules with high densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liang Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Zhang H, Romero C, Baldelli S. Preparation of Alkanethiol Monolayers on Mild Steel Surfaces Studied with Sum Frequency Generation and Electrochemistry. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:15520-30. [PMID: 16852969 DOI: 10.1021/jp052807p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An n-alkanethiol, octadecanethiol (ODT), monolayer was successfully prepared onto an oxide-free mild steel (MS) surface under cathodic polarization in a 0.1 M LiCl/CH(3)OH solution containing 1 mM ODT. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance (EIS) and sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy were applied to study and characterize the adsorption of ODT at a MS surface. In 0.1 M LiCl/CH(3)OH solution containing 1 mM ODT, CV of the MS electrode shows a dramatic decrease in charging current and a positive shift in oxidation potential when compared to a solution without ODT. The interfacial capacitance was obtained as 2.52 microF/cm(2) from the impedance data. An average chain tilt angle of 48 degrees for the ODT molecules was deduced from the comparison of the interfacial capacitances of the ODT/MS and ODT/Au monolayers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the ODT monolayer on mild steel. The ppp SFG spectrum of the ODT-modified MS features three strong methyl vibrational modes at 2877, 2943, and 2967 cm(-1), indicating the formation of the oriented and densely packed ODT monolayer. However, the appearance of the two weak CH(2) groups' vibrational modes at 2850 and 2914 cm(-1) implies the presence of defects in the ODT monolayer. ODT/Au films were prepared to compare with the ODT/MS films. Orientation analysis of the air/solid interface suggests that the methyl group of ODT/Au films has a tilt angle of 30 degrees , while the methyl group of ODT/MS films has a tilt angle of 23 degrees . Water was found to have an impact on the shape of the SFG spectra of ODT/MS. This suggests that the solution penetrated through the defects to reach the MS surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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Lin TH, Huang TP, Liu YL, Yeh CC, Lai YH, Hung WH. Adsorption and Thermal Reactions of Alkanethiols on Pt(111): Dependence on the Length of the Alkyl Chain. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14079-84. [PMID: 16852768 DOI: 10.1021/jp058084r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption and thermal decomposition of alkanethiols (R-SH, where R = CH3, C2H5, and C4H9) on Pt(111) were studied with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with synchrotron radiation. Dissociation of sulfhydryl hydrogen (RS-H) of alkanethiol results in the formation of alkanethiolate; the extent of dissociation at an adsorption temperature of 110 K depends on the length of the alkyl chain. At small exposure, all chemisorbed CH3SH, C2H5SH, and C4H9SH decompose to desorb hydrogen below 370 K and yield carbon and sulfur on the surface. Desorption of products containing carbon is observed only at large exposure. In thermal decomposition, alkanethiolate is proposed to undergo a stepwise dehydrogenation: R'-CH2S --> R'-CHS --> R'-CS, R' = H, CH3, and C3H7. Further decomposition of the R'-CS intermediate results in desorption of H2 at 400-500 K and leaves carbon and sulfur on the surface. On the basis of TPD and XPS data, we conclude that the density of adsorption of alkanethiol decreases with increasing length of the alkyl chain. C4H9SH is proposed to adsorb mainly with a configuration in which its alkyl group interacts with the surface; this interaction diminishes the density of adsorption of alkanethiols but facilitates dehydrogenation of the alkyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Geissler M, Chen J, Xia Y. Comparative study of monolayers self-assembled from alkylisocyanides and alkanethiols on polycrystalline Pt substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:6993-6997. [PMID: 15301478 DOI: 10.1021/la048667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares the properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) derived from octadecylisocyanide (ODI) and octadecanethiol (ODT) on polycrystalline Pt substrates. Both monolayers formed at a similar rate using 1.0 mM solutions in ethanol and achieved a thickness of 22-23 A after 24 h as determined by ellipsometry measurements. The advancing contact angles of ODI and ODT monolayers were found to be 113 and 117 degrees, respectively, suggesting a slight difference in structure between them. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that SAMs of ODT were more stable than those of ODI, which was supported by experiments that probed desorption of these layers in prewarmed hexadecane. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that both monolayer systems could diminish electron-transfer rates substantially, although ODT monolayers were more effective and robust than their ODI counterparts. The resistance of the SAMs to ion penetration differed in a similar way, and a microcontact-printed monolayer of ODT could protect the underlying Pt better in an HCl/Cl2-based etch process than the one formed from ODI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Geissler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
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Jérôme C, Gabriel S, Voccia S, Detrembleur C, Ignatova M, Gouttebaron R, Jérôme R. Preparation of reactive surfaces by electrografting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003:2500-1. [PMID: 14587751 DOI: 10.1039/b307728d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrografting process has been applied to a new monomer in order to induce reactivity to the surface of various conducting substrates which are then appropriate for the anchoring of a large variety of molecules (catalysts, proteins, amino-polymers etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jérôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liege, B6 Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
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SAMs functionalised by α-quaterthiophene as model for polythiophene grafting. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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