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Darestani-Farahani M, Mendoza Montealegre I, Tavakkoli Gilavan M, Kirby T, Selvaganapathy PR, Kruse P. A highly sensitive ion-selective chemiresistive sensor for online monitoring of lead ions in water. Analyst 2024; 149:2915-2924. [PMID: 38578133 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved lead is a serious but common health hazard in drinking water, yet there is still no practical way to monitor its levels continuously in the distribution system or at the point of use. Here we propose using a lead-selective membrane on top of a chemiresistive device to continuously measure Pb2+ ion concentrations in real time. The detection limit was lowered by stabilizing the surface of the resistive film with sodium hydroxide and 15-crown-5 ether and optimizing the sensor geometry to maximize the effective surface area. The detection mechanism is based on the complexation of the Pb2+ ions by the lead ionophores within the membrane, thus modulating the interactions between the ionophores and the chemiresistive film. The limit of detection of the fabricated devices was reliably below 2 μg L-1, with concentrations up to 3 mg L-1 routinely quantifiable over several measurement cycles. The chemiresistive sensors can thus achieve lower detection limits than potentiometric devices while being more robust and simpler to fabricate by omitting the reference electrode. Ion-selective membrane-covered chemiresistors can therefore be deployed to continuously monitor drinking water sources and detect harmful levels of lead in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darestani-Farahani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Isabella Mendoza Montealegre
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Mehraneh Tavakkoli Gilavan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Thomas Kirby
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Peter Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada.
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Kulesza J, Bocheńska M. Calixthioamides as Ionophores for Transition‐ and Heavy‐Metal Cations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kulesza
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80‐233 Gdańsk, Poland
- Laboratoire de Chimie‐Physique, IPHC‐DSA, UDS, CNRS, ECPM 25, rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Maria Bocheńska
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 Street, 80‐233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bobacka
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Ari Ivaska
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
| | - Andrzej Lewenstam
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland; Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Cracow, Poland; and Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Center for Process Analytical Chemistry and Sensor Technology (ProSens), Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku-Åbo, Finland
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Ingebrandt S, Han Y, Nakamura F, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Offenhäusser A. Label-free detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms utilizing the differential transfer function of field-effect transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2834-40. [PMID: 17187976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a label-free method for the detection of DNA hybridization, which is monitored by non-metallized silicon field-effect transistors (FET) in a microarray approach. The described method enables a fast and fully electronic readout of ex situ binding assays. The label-free detection utilizing the field-effect is based on the intrinsic charge of the DNA molecules and/or on changes of the solid-liquid interface impedance, when biomolecules bind to the sensor surface. With our sensor system, usually a time-resolved, dc readout is used. In general, this FET signal suffers from sensor drift, temperature drift, changes in electrolyte composition or pH value, influence of the reference electrode, etc. In this article, we present a differential ac readout concept for FET microarrays, which enables a stable operation of the sensor against many of these side-parameters, reliable readout and a possibility for a quick screening of large sensor arrays. We present the detection of point mutations in short DNA samples with this method in an ex situ binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ingebrandt
- Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems, Institute 2: Bioelectronics, Center of Nanoelectronic Systems for Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Alifragis Y, Volosirakis A, Chaniotakis NA, Konstantinidis G, Adikimenakis A, Georgakilas A. Potassium selective chemically modified field effect transistors based on AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas heterostructures. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:2796-801. [PMID: 17098415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the use of the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) as a novel transducer for the development of ion-selective chemically modified HEMT sensors (ChemHEMTs). For this, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane doped with ion-selective ionophores is deposited onto the area of the gate for the chemical recognition step, while the AlGaN/GaN HEMT is used as the transducer. In particular, the use of a valinocycin doped membrane with thickness of 50 microm generates a sensor with excellent analytical characteristics for the monitoring of K(+). The K(+)-ChemHEMT has sensitivity of 52.4 mV/pK(+)in the linear range of 10(-5) to 10(-2)M, while the detection limit is in the order of 3.1 x 10(-6)M. Also, the sensor shows selectivity similar to valinomycin-based ISEs, while the signal stability over time and the measurement to measurement reproducibility are very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Alifragis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, PO Box 2208, 71003 Iraklion-Crete, Greece
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De Marco R, Jiang ZT, Martizano J, Lowe A, Pejcic B, van Riessen A. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy/synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X-ray diffraction—A powerful new technique for the characterization of electrochemical surfaces and interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pejcic B, De Marco R. Impedance measurements of a chalcogenide membrane iron(III)-selective electrode in contact with aqueous electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Püntener M, Vigassy T, Baier E, Ceresa A, Pretsch E. Improving the lower detection limit of potentiometric sensors by covalently binding the ionophore to a polymer backbone. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Pulpoka B, Vicens J. 1,3-Alternate Calix[4]arene: the Sophisticated Conformer of Calix[4]arene. A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20041251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The fascinating calix[4]arene derivatives in 1,3-alternate conformation are reviewed. The review focuses on their molecular construction methodologies, sophisticated properties and applications. A review with 110 references.
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Qin Y, Bakker E. A Copolymerized Dodecacarborane Anion as Covalently Attached Cation Exchanger in Ion-Selective Sensors. Anal Chem 2003; 75:6002-10. [PMID: 14588043 DOI: 10.1021/ac034447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The traditional cation exchangers used in ion-selective electrodes and optodes are tetraphenylborate derivatives, which are generally adequate for most analytical applications but may in some cases suffer from decomposition by acid hydrolysis, oxidants, and light. Recently, halogenated dodecacarboranes were found to be improved cation exchangers in terms of lipophilicity and chemical stability. This forms the basis for the convenient covalent attachment of the cation exchanger to the polymeric backbone of the sensing material. This is a challenge that has not satisfactorily been solved and which is especially important in view of developing ultraminiaturized sensing arrays. Here, a C-derivative of the closo-dodecacarborane anion (CB(11)H(12)(-)) with a polymerizable group was synthesized as a chemically stable cation exchanger. This new derivative was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and decyl methacrylate (MMA-DMA) to fabricate a plasticizer-free polymer with cation-exchange properties. This polymer could be conveniently blended with traditional plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) or with noncrosslinked methacrylic polymers to give solvent cast films that appear to be clear and homogeneous and that could be doped with ionophores. Optode leaching experiments supported the covalent grafting of the carborane anions. Ion-selective membranes and optode thin films were evaluated in terms of response function, response time, and selectivity. In all cases, the new material exhibited behavior similar to free tetraphenylborate derivative-based membranes. As a result of these studies, an all-polymeric plasticizer-free calcium-selective membrane was fabricated on the basis of the covalently attached carborane, a recently introduced grafted calcium ionophore, and an MMA-DMA polymer matrix. The resulting ion-selective electrodes showed Nernstian response slopes and rapid response times, demonstrating that covalent grafting of all sensing components is a feasible approach to the development of ion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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12
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Ion-partitioning membranes as electroactive elements for the development of a novel cation-selective CHEMFET sensor system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-5193(03)80022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Moschou EA, Chaniotakis NA. Potassium selective CHEMFET based on an ion-partitioning membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lahav M, Kharitonov AB, Willner I. Imprinting of chiral molecular recognition sites in thin TiO2 films associated with field-effect transistors: novel functionalized devices for chiroselective and chirospecific analyses. Chemistry 2001; 7:3992-7. [PMID: 11596941 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010917)7:18<3992::aid-chem3992>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
(R)- or (S)-2-Methylferrocene carboxylic acids, (R)-1 or (S)-1, (R)- or (S)-2-phenylbutanoic acid, (R)-2 or (S)-2, and (R)- or (S)-2-propanoic acid, (R)-3 or (S)-3, can be imprinted in thin TiO2 films on the gate surface of ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) devices. The imprinting is performed by hydrolyzing the respective carboxylate TiIV butoxide complex on the gate surface, followed by washing off the acid from the resulting TiO2 film. The imprinted sites reveal chiroselectivity only towards the sensing of the imprinted enantiomer. The chiral recognition sites reveal not only chiroselectivity but also chirospecificity and, for example, the (R)-2-imprinted film is active in the sensing of (R)-2, but insensitive towards the sensing of (R)2-phenylpropanoic acid, (R)-3, which exhibits a similar chirality. Similarly, the (R)-3-imprinted film is inactive in the analysis of (R)-2. The chiroselectivity and chirospecificity of the resulting imprinted films are attributed to the need to align and fit the respective substrates in precise molecular contours generated in the cross-linked TiO2 films upon the imprinting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lahav
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Kharitonov AB, Wasserman J, Katz E, Willner I. The Use of Impedance Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Protein-Modified ISFET Devices: Application of the Method for the Analysis of Biorecognition Processes. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0045383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei B. Kharitonov
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Julian Wasserman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Eugenii Katz
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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