1
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Rana A, Renault C, Dick JE. Understanding dynamic voltammetry in a dissolving microdroplet. Analyst 2024; 149:3939-3950. [PMID: 38916245 PMCID: PMC11262062 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Droplet evaporation and dissolution phenomena are pervasive in both natural and artificial systems, playing crucial roles in various applications. Understanding the intricate processes involved in the evaporation and dissolution of sessile droplets is of paramount importance for applications such as inkjet printing, surface coating, and nanoparticle deposition, etc. In this study, we present a demonstration of electrochemical investigation of the dissolution behaviour in sub-nL droplets down to sub-pL volume. Droplets on an electrode have been studied for decades in the field of electrochemistry to understand the phase transfer of ions at the oil-water interface, accelerated reaction rates in microdroplets, etc. However, the impact of microdroplet dissolution on the redox activity of confined molecules within the droplet has not been explored previously. As a proof-of-principle, we examine the dissolution kinetics of 1,2-dichloroethane droplets (DCE) spiked with 155 μM decamethylferrocene within an aqueous phase on an ultramicroelectrode (r = 6.3 μm). The aqueous phase serves as an infinite sink, enabling the dissolution of DCE droplets while also facilitating convenient electrical contact with the reference/counter electrode (Ag/AgCl 1 M KCl). Through comprehensive voltammetric analysis, we unravel the impact of droplet dissolution on electrochemical response as the droplet reaches minuscule volumes. We validate our experimental findings by finite element modelling, which shows deviations from the experimental results as the droplet accesses negligible volumes, suggesting the presence of complex dissolution modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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2
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Gamero‐Quijano A, Manzanares JA, Ghazvini SMBH, Low PJ, Scanlon MD. Potential-Modulated Ion Distributions in the Back-to-Back Electrical Double Layers at a Polarised Liquid|Liquid Interface Regulate the Kinetics of Interfacial Electron Transfer. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202201042. [PMID: 37082100 PMCID: PMC10108062 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic interfacial electron transfer (IET) reactions at polarisable liquid|liquid (L|L) interfaces underpin new approaches to electrosynthesis, redox electrocatalysis, bioelectrochemistry and artificial photosynthesis. Herein, using cyclic and alternating current voltammetry, we demonstrate that under certain experimental conditions, the biphasic 2-electron O2 reduction reaction can proceed by single-step IET between a reductant in the organic phase, decamethylferrocene, and interfacial protons in the presence of O2. Using this biphasic system, we demonstrate that the applied interfacial Galvani potential differenceΔ o w φ provides no direct driving force to realise a thermodynamically uphill biphasic IET reaction in the mixed solvent region. We show that the onset potential for a biphasic single-step IET reaction does not correlate with the thermodynamically predicted standard Galvani IET potential and is instead closely correlated with the potential of zero charge at a polarised L|L interface. We outline that the appliedΔ o w φ required to modulate the interfacial ion distributions, and thus kinetics of IET, must be optimised to ensure that the aqueous and organic redox species are present in substantial concentrations at the L|L interface simultaneously in order to react.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Gamero‐Quijano
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Alicante (UA)E-03080AlicanteSpain
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical SciencesSchool of Natural SciencesUniversity of Limerick (UL)LimerickV94 T9PXIreland
| | - José A. Manzanares
- Department of ThermodynamicsFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of Valenciac/Dr. Moliner, 50BurjasotE-46100ValenciaSpain
| | - Seyed M. B. H. Ghazvini
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia (UWA)35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Paul J. Low
- School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western Australia (UWA)35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia6009Australia
| | - Micheál D. Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical SciencesSchool of Natural SciencesUniversity of Limerick (UL)LimerickV94 T9PXIreland
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3
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Omatsu T, Hori K, Naka Y, Shimazaki M, Sakai K, Murakami K, Maeda K, Fukuyama M, Yoshida Y. Dynamic behavior analysis of ion transport through a bilayer lipid membrane by an electrochemical method combined with fluorometry. Analyst 2020; 145:3839-3845. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ion transport through a bilayer lipid membrane was analyzed by an electrochemical method combined with fluorometry. The distribution of a cation and an anion predominantly determines membrane conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Omatsu
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Kisho Hori
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Megumi Shimazaki
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Kazushige Sakai
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Kohji Maeda
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
| | - Mao Fukuyama
- PRESTO
- Japan Science and Technology Agency
- Saitama 332-0012
- Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
| | - Yumi Yoshida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering
- Kyoto Institute of Technology
- Kyoto 606-8585
- Japan
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4
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Garoz‐Ruiz J, Perales‐Rondon JV, Heras A, Colina A. Spectroelectrochemical Sensing: Current Trends and Challenges. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Garoz‐Ruiz
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | | | - Aranzazu Heras
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
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5
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Vega Mercado F, Fernández R, Iglesias R, Dassie S. Facilitated proton transfer reactions via water autoprotolysis across oil|water interfaces. Spectroelectrochemical analysis. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Scanlon MD, Smirnov E, Stockmann TJ, Peljo P. Gold Nanofilms at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces: An Emerging Platform for Redox Electrocatalysis, Nanoplasmonic Sensors, and Electrovariable Optics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3722-3751. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheál D. Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Evgeny Smirnov
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - T. Jane Stockmann
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, 15 Rue J.A. Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry is receiving growing attention in the last years, not only because it is an important tool for studying electron transfer processes, but also because it is really fruitful in the development of new analytical sensors. Bipolar electrodes show promising applications as a direct analytical tool since oxidation and reduction reactions take place simultaneously on different parts of a single conductor. There are several electrochemical devices that provide information about electron transfer between two immiscible electrolyte solutions, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a bipolar device is able to record two spectroelectrochemical responses concomitantly at two different compartments. It allows deconvolving the electrochemical signal into two different optical signals related to the electron transfer processes occurring at two compartments that are electrically in contact. The combination of an electrochemical and two spectroscopic responses is indeed very useful, providing essential advantages in the study of a huge variety of systems. The study of three different electrochemical systems, such as reversible redox couples, carbon nanotubes, and conducting polymers has allowed us to validate the new cell and to demonstrate the capabilities of this technique to obtain valuable time-resolved information related to the electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ibañez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Heras
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
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8
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhang X, Li M, Gu Y, Shao Y. Electrochemical study of ketones as organic phases for the establishment of micro-liquid/liquid interfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Heterogeneous versus homogeneous electron transfer reactions at liquid–liquid interfaces: The wrong question? J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Ibañez D, Plana D, Heras A, Fermín D, Colina A. Monitoring charge transfer at polarisable liquid/liquid interfaces employing time-resolved Raman spectroelectrochemistry. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Toth PS, Dryfe RAW. Novel organic solvents for electrochemistry at the liquid/liquid interface. Analyst 2015; 140:1947-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 5-nonanone organic phase has been shown to be a stable solvent for use in electrochemistry, ion and electron transfer has been studied at the organic/water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Toth
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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12
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Abstract
The liquid interface is a narrow, highly anisotropic region, characterized by rapidly varying density, polarity, and molecular structure. I review several aspects of interfacial solvation and show how these affect reactivity at liquid/liquid interfaces. I specifically consider ion transfer, electron transfer, and SN2 reactions, showing that solvent effects on these reactions can be understood by examining the unique structure and dynamics of the liquid interface region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064;
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13
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Izquierdo D, Martinez A, Heras A, Lopez-Palacios J, Ruiz V, Dryfe RAW, Colina A. Spatial Scanning Spectroelectrochemistry. Study of the Electrodeposition of Pd Nanoparticles at the Liquid/Liquid Interface. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5723-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3009127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Izquierdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza.
Misael Bañuelos s/n,
E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza.
Misael Bañuelos s/n,
E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Heras
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza.
Misael Bañuelos s/n,
E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Jesus Lopez-Palacios
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza.
Misael Bañuelos s/n,
E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Virginia Ruiz
- New
Materials Department, CIDETEC-IK4—Centre for Electrochemical Technologies, Paseo Miramón 196, E-20009 Donostia-San
Sebastián,
Spain
- Department of Applied
Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100,
FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Robert A. W. Dryfe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester,
M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Burgos, Pza.
Misael Bañuelos s/n,
E-09001 Burgos, Spain
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14
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Zhou M, Gan S, Zhong L, Dong X, Niu L. Which mechanism operates in the electron-transfer process at liquid/liquid interfaces? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2774-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01692f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Lu X, Sun P, Yao D, Wu B, Xue Z, Zhou X, Sun R, Li L, Liu X. Heterogeneous Consecutive Electron Transfer at Graphite Electrodes under Steady State. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8598-603. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1016997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Dongna Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Bowan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhonghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xibing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiuhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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16
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Faisal SN, Pereira CM, Rho S, Lee HJ. Amperometric proton selective sensors utilizing ion transfer reactions across a microhole liquid/gel interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:15184-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Martínez A, Colina A, Dryfe RA, Ruiz V. Spectroelectrochemistry at the liquid|liquid interface: Parallel beam UV–vis absorption. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Perera JM, Stevens GW. Spectroscopic studies of molecular interaction at the liquid–liquid interface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1019-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Jin BK, Li L, Huang JL, Zhang SY, Tian YP, Yang JX. IR Spectroelectrochemical Cyclic Voltabsorptometry and Derivative Cyclic Voltabsorptometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4476-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9003634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039 China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039 China
| | - Jin-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039 China
| | - Sheng-Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039 China
| | - Yu-Peng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039 China
| | - Jia-Xiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039 China
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20
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Thin-layer electrochemistry of ferrocenylbenzene derivatives: Intramolecular electronic communication. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Fermín DJ. Linear and Non‐Linear Spectroscopy at the Electrified Liquid/Liquid Interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527616817.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Sugihara T, Kinoshita T, Aoyagi S, Tsujino Y, Osakai T. A mechanistic study of the oxidation of natural antioxidants at the oil/water interface using scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Nagatani H, Sagara T. Potential-Modulation Spectroscopy at Solid/Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. ANAL SCI 2007; 23:1041-8. [PMID: 17878575 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Potential-modulation spectroelectrochemical methods at solid/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces are reviewed. After a brief summary of the basic features and advantages of the methods, practical applications of potential-modulation spectroscopy are demonstrated using our recent studies of solid/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces, including reflection measurements for a redox protein on a modified gold electrode and fluorescence measurements for various dyes at a polarized water/1,2-dichloroethane interface. For both interfaces, the use of linearly polarized incident light enabled an estimation of the molecular orientation. The use of a potential-modulated transmission-absorption measurement for an optically transparent electrode with immobilized metal nanoparticles is also described. The ability of potential-modulated fluorescence spectroscopy to clearly elucidate the charge transfer and adsorption mechanisms at liquid/liquid interfaces is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Nagatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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24
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Adsorption and photoreactivity of CdSe nanoparticles at liquid|liquid interfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Lu X, Hu L, Wang X. Thin-Layer Cyclic Voltammetric and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopic Study of Antioxidant Activity of Ascorbic Acid at Liquid/Liquid Interface. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Osakai T, Hotta H, Sugihara T, Nakatani K. Diffusion-controlled rate constant of electron transfer at the oil|water interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Platt M, Dryfe RA, Roberts EP. Structural and electrochemical characterisation of Pt and Pd nanoparticles electrodeposited at the liquid/liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Evans-Kennedy U, Clohessy J, Cunnane VJ. Spectroelectrochemical Study of 2,2‘:5‘,2‘ ‘-Terthiophene Polymerization at a Liquid/Liquid Interface Controlled by Potential-Determining Ions. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0348223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Una Evans-Kennedy
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jason Clohessy
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vincent J. Cunnane
- Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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29
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Voltammetric study of electron transfer across the 1,6-dichlorohexane|water interface with the bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iron(II/III) redox couple. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Osakai T, Ichikawa S, Hotta H, Nagatani H. A True Electron-Transfer Reaction between 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinato Cadmium(II) and the Hexacyanoferrate Couple at the Nitrobenzene/Water Interface. ANAL SCI 2004; 20:1567-73. [PMID: 15566151 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of some metal complexes of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) to give a voltammetric wave due to the heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) at a nitrobenzene (NB)/water (W) interface has been examined. The previously-proposed, electron-conductor separating oil-water (ECSOW) system has been successfully employed to find that the TPP complex with cadmium(II) added to NB gives a well-defined, reversible wave for the heterogeneous (i.e., "true") ET with the hexacyanoferrate couple in W. A digital simulation analysis has entirely excluded the possibility of the ion-transfer mechanism due to the homogeneous ET in W. The a.c. impedance method has then been used to determine the kinetic parameters including the standard rate constant k0 (= 0.10 cm M(-1) s(-1)) and the transfer coefficient alpha (= 0.53 at the half-wave potential). These values are in good agreement with those predicted from the Marcus theory with the assumption that the heterogeneous ET due to molecular collision occurs at the "sharp" NB/W interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Osakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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31
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Azcurra A, Yudi L, Baruzzi A. Interaction of ofloxacin–Al(III) pH dependent complexes with the water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Bai Y, Sun P, Zhang M, Gao Z, Yang Z, Shao Y. Effects of solution viscosity on heterogeneous electron transfer across a liquid/liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(03)00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Liu B, Mirkin MV. Electron Transfer at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. The Effects of Ionic Adsorption, Electrolyte Concentration, and Spacer Length on the Reaction Rate. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens CollegeCUNY, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens CollegeCUNY, Flushing, New York 11367
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Eugster N, Fermín DJ, Girault HH. Photoinduced Electron Transfer at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. Part VI. On the Thermodynamic Driving Force Dependence of the Phenomenological Electron-Transfer Rate Constant. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp015533o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Eugster
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David J. Fermín
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Nakatani K, Nagatani H, Fermı́n DJ, Girault HH. Transfer and adsorption of 1-pyrene sulfonate at the water∣1,2-dichloroethane interface studied by potential modulated fluorescence spectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Barker AL, Unwin PR. Measurement of Solute Partitioning across Liquid/Liquid Interfaces Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy−Double Potential Step Chronoamperometry (SECM−DPSC): Principles, Theory, and Application to Ferrocenium Ion Transfer Across the 1,2-Dichloroethane/Aqueous Interface. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010591v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Mechanistic aspects associated with the oxidation of l-ascorbic acid at the 1,2-dichloroethane∣water interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Kanoufi F, Cannes C, Zu Y, Bard AJ. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. 43. Investigation of Oxalate Oxidation and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence across the Liquid−Liquid Interface. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Kanoufi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Céline Cannes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yanbing Zu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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39
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Measurement of the forward and back rate constants for electron transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM): Theory and experiment. Electrochem commun 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2481(01)00173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Shi C, Anson FC. Rates of Electron-Transfer Across Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. Effects of Changes in Driving Force and Reaction Reversibility. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010465r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunnian Shi
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratories, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Fred C. Anson
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratories, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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41
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Ding Z, Quinn BM, Bard AJ. Kinetics of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces As Studied by SECM. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Bernadette M. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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42
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Interfacial behavior of ofloxacin–Fe(III) complex at the water∣1,2-dichloroethane interface: a voltfluorometric and chronofluorometric study. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Zhang J, Unwin PR. Effect of Triton X-100 on electron transfer kinetics at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions: a scanning electrochemical microscopy study. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Anderson JL, Coury LA, Leddy J. Dynamic electrochemistry: methodology and application. Anal Chem 2000; 72:4497-520. [PMID: 11008788 DOI: 10.1021/ac0007837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2556, USA
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Marcus RA. On the theory of ion transfer rates across the interface of two immiscible liquids. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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46
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Reymond F, Fermı́n D, Lee HJ, Girault HH. Electrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces: methodology and potential applications. Electrochim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Zhang J, Barker AL, Unwin PR. Microelectrochemical studies of charge transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions: electron transfer from decamethyl ferrocene to aqueous oxidants. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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49
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Amemiya S, Ding Z, Zhou J, Bard AJ. Studies of charge transfer at liquid|liquid interfaces and bilayer lipid membranes by scanning electrochemical microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Lahtinen R, Fermı́n DJ, Kontturi K, Girault HH. Artificial photosynthesis at liquid|liquid interfaces: photoreduction of benzoquinone by water soluble porphyrin species. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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