1
|
Lei Z, Chang W, Guo H, Feng J, Zhang Z. A Brief Review on the Synthesis of the N-CF3 Motif in Heterocycles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073012. [PMID: 37049775 PMCID: PMC10095997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The trifluoromethyl group is widely recognized for its significant role in the fields of medicinal chemistry and material science due to its unique electronic and steric properties that can alter various physiochemical properties of the parent molecule, such as lipophilicity, acidity, and hydrogen bonding capabilities. Compared to the well-established C-trifluoromethylation, N-trifluoromethylation has received lesser attention. Considering the extensive contribution of nitrogen to drug molecules, it is predicted that constructing N-trifluoromethyl (N-CF3) motifs will be of great significance in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. This review is mainly concerned with the synthesis of heterocycles containing this motif. In three-membered heterocycles containing the N-CF3 motif, the existing literature mostly demonstrated the synthetic strategy, as it does for four- and larger-membered heterocycles. Certain structures, such as oxaziridines, could serve as an oxidant or building blocks in organic synthesis. In five-membered heterocycles, it has been reported that N-CF3 azoles showed a higher lipophilicity and a latent increased metabolic stability and Caco-2-permeability compared with their N-CH3 counterparts, illustrating the potential of the N-CF3 motif. Various N-CF3 analogues of drugs or bioactive molecules, such as sildenafil analogue, have been obtained. In general, the N-CF3 motif is developing and has great potential in bioactive molecules or materials. Give the recent development in this motif, it is foreseeable that its synthesis methods and applications will become more and more extensive. In this paper, we present an overview of the synthesis of N-CF3 heterocycles, categorized on the basis of the number of rings (three-, four-, five-, six- and larger-membered heterocycles), and focus on the five-membered heterocycles containing the N-CF3 group.
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Arnone A, Metrangolo P, Novo B, Resnati G. Selectivities in the oxidation of tertiary amines and pyridine derivatives by perfluoro cis-2,3-dialkyloxaziridines. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Balsarini C, Novo B, Resnati G. Formation of the N-oxides of heteroaromatic nitrogen compounds by perfluorinated oxaziridines. J Fluor Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(96)03456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Petrov VA, Resnati G. Polyfluorinated Oxaziridines: Synthesis and Reactivity. Chem Rev 1996; 96:1809-1824. [PMID: 11848812 DOI: 10.1021/cr941146h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav A. Petrov
- DuPont Central Research and Development, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, and C.N.R.-Centro Studio Sostanze Organiche Naturali, Dipartimento Chimica, Politecnico, 7, via Mancinelli, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Petrol A, Mlsna TE, D. DesMarteau D. Synthesis of polyfluoro-2-alkanesulfonyl-3,3-dialkyloxaziridines. J Fluor Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-1139(93)05007-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Petrov VA, DesMarteau DD. New Methods for the Synthesis of Perfluorooxaziridines. Preparation of cis-Perfluoro-2,3-dialkyloxaziridines. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 1993. [DOI: 10.1070/mc1993v003n03abeh000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
9
|
DesMarteau DD, Petrov VA, Montanari V, Pregnolato M, Resnati G. Oxidation of alcohols by perfluoro-cis-2,3-dialkyl oxaridines. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)60884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|