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Fernandes AJ, Panossian A, Michelet B, Martin-Mingot A, Leroux FR, Thibaudeau S. CF 3-substituted carbocations: underexploited intermediates with great potential in modern synthetic chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:343-378. [PMID: 33828616 PMCID: PMC7871035 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"The extraordinary instability of such an "ion" accounts for many of the peculiarities of organic reactions" - Franck C. Whitmore (1932). This statement from Whitmore came in a period where carbocations began to be considered as intermediates in reactions. Ninety years later, pointing at the strong knowledge acquired from the contributions of famous organic chemists, carbocations are very well known reaction intermediates. Among them, destabilized carbocations - carbocations substituted with electron-withdrawing groups - are, however, still predestined to be transient species and sometimes considered as exotic ones. Among them, the CF3-substituted carbocations, frequently suggested to be involved in synthetic transformations but rarely considered as affordable intermediates for synthetic purposes, have long been investigated. This review highlights recent and past reports focusing on their study and potential in modern synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Fernandes
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bastien Michelet
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, IC2MP, UMR 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Martin-Mingot
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, IC2MP, UMR 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, UMR 7042-LIMA, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS, IC2MP, UMR 7285, Equipe “Synthèse Organique”, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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Gong Y, Kato K, Kimoto H. Convenient substitution of hydroxypyridines with trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570380103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Landge SM, Borkin DA, Török B. Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Trifluoroacetaldehyde (Fluoral): Isolation and Applications. Tetrahedron Lett 2007; 48:6372-6376. [PMID: 21909170 PMCID: PMC3170041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of trifluoroacetaldehyde (fluoral, TFAc, CF(3)CHO) from commercially available trifluoroacetaldehyde ethylhemiacetal (TFAE) by microwave irradiation is described. The isolation, characterization and reaction of fluoral with various nucleophiles were studied to verify the diverse applicability of this new method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shainaz M. Landge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Borkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Béla Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, USA
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Abid M, Török B. Cinchona alkaloid induced chiral discrimination for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of α-trifluoromethylated-hydroxyl compounds by 19F NMR spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gong Y, Kato K. Convenient synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl amines via aminofluoroalkylation of arenes with N-trimethylsilyl α-trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiaminal. J Fluor Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gong Y, Kato K. Convenient preparation of 1-(indol-3-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamines via Friedel–Crafts reaction of α-trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiaminal. J Fluor Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gong Y, Kato K, Kimoto H. Regioselective Substitution of Phenols with Trifluoroacetaldehyde Ethyl Hemiacetal. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2001. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.74.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Indolocarhazoles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)80012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Médebielle M, Fujii S, Kato K. An Electrochemical Approach for the Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Purine and Indole Analogues of Plant Growth Regulators. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gong Y, Kato K, Kimoto H. Substitution of Five-Membered Heteroarenes and Uracils with Trifluoroacetaldehyde Ethyl Hemiacetal. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.73.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gong Y, Kato K, Kimoto H. Highly diastereoselective synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl-N-acetyltryptophan. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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GONG Y, KATO K, KIMOTO H. Crystal Structure of Ethyl 4,4,4-Trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-carbethoxy-3-(indol-3-yl)butyrate. ANAL SCI 1999. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.15.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefa GONG
- National Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya
| | - Katsuya KATO
- National Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya
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Katayama M, Kato K, Kimoto H, Fujii S. (S)-(+)-4,4,4-Trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric acid, a novel fluorinated plant growth regulator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01941269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kato K, Katayama M, Gautam RK, Fujii S, Fukaya H, Kimoto H. A facile preparation of enantiomers of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyrate, a novel plant growth regulator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)94087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lipase-catalyzed optical resolution of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(indole-3-)ethanols in organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kato K, Katayama M, Gautam RK, Fujii S, Kimoto H. Enzymatic preparation of both enantiomers of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric acid, a novel plant growth regulator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(93)90004-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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