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Nguyen HD, Porihel R, Brubach JB, Planes E, Soudant P, Judeinstein P, Porcar L, Lyonnard S, Iojoiu C. Perfluorosulfonyl Imide versus Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomers in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells at Low Relative Humidity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:590-600. [PMID: 31793224 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Designing highly conductive ionomers at high temperature and low relative humidity is challenging in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Perfluorosulfonyl imide ionomers were believed to achieve this goal, owing to their exceptional acidity and excellent thermal stability. Perfluorosulfonyl imide ionomers are less conductive than the analogous perfluorosulfonic acids despite similar membrane microstructure. In this study, the distinct behavior is rationalized by in situ synchrotron infrared spectroscopy during hydration. The protonation mechanism, formation of the protonic moiety and water clustering are totally different for the two different families of membranes. The ionization mediated by trans-to-cis conformational transition of the perfluorosulfonyl imide ionomer is not accompanied by the formation of hydronium ions. In contrast, Zundel-ion entities were identified as the elementary protonic complex, which is stable over the hydration range. The H-bond network of surrounding water molecules appears to be less connected and the protons remain highly localized and unavailable for efficient structural transport. The delocalization of protons and their mitigated interaction with the surrounding medium are prominent effects that negatively impact conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Dat Nguyen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, UMR5279, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Regis Porihel
- Synchrotron Soleil, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Emilie Planes
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, UMR5279, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Priscillia Soudant
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, UMR5279, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Judeinstein
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB, UMR12) CEA Saclay, CEA-CNRS-Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Lyonnard
- INAC-SyMMES, CEA Grenoble, CEA-CNRS-Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Cristina Iojoiu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, UMR5279, 38000, Grenoble, France
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Liu X, McMillen CD, Thrasher JS. Cooperative intermolecular S–Cl⋯O and F⋯F associations in the crystal packing of α,ω-di(sulfonyl chloride) perfluoroalkanes, ClSO 2(CF 2) nSO 2Cl, where n = 4, 6. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding between neighboring sulfonyl chloride groups and short fluorine–fluorine contacts supports crystal formation in the title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Clemson University
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory
- Anderson
- USA
| | - Colin D. McMillen
- Department of Chemistry
- Clemson University
- Hunter Laboratories
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Joseph S. Thrasher
- Department of Chemistry
- Clemson University
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory
- Anderson
- USA
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4
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Synthesis of 1,3-dialkyl imidazolium ionic liquids containing difunctional and tetrafunctional perfluoroalkylsulfonyl imide anions. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Chen Q, Zhang C, Gu Y, Xiao J. Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Bis(fluoroalkanesulfon)amide‐Based Ionic Liquids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
| | - Zong‐Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Qing‐Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
| | - Chun‐Tao Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province 410208, China
| | - Yu‐Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Ji‐Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
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Zhang CP, Wang ZL, Chen QY, Zhang CT, Gu YC, Xiao JC. Determination of pKa values of fluoroalkanesulfonamides and investigation of their nucleophilicity. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Geiculescu OE, Rajagopal RV, Mladin EC, Creager SE, Desmarteau DD. Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Crosslinked PEG and Dilithium N,N'-Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)perfluoroalkane-1,ω-disulfonamide and Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present work consists of a series of studies with regard to the structure and charge transport in solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) prepared using various new bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI)-based dianionic dilithium salts in crosslinked low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol). Some of the thermal properties (glass transition temperature, differential molar heat capacity) and ionic conductivities were determined for both diluted (EO/Li = 30:1) and concentrated (EO/Li = 10:1) SPEs. Trends in ionic conductivity of the new SPEs with respect to anion structure revealed that while for the dilute electrolytes ionic conductivity is generally rising with increased length of the perfluoroalkylene linking group in the dianions, for the concentrated electrolytes the trend is reversed with respect to dianion length. This behavior could be the result of a combination of two factors: on one hand a decrease in dianion basicity that results in diminished ion pairing and an enhancement in the number of charge carriers with increasing fluorine anion content, thereby increasing ionic conductivity while on the other hand the increasing anion size and concentration produce an increase in the friction/entanglements of the polymeric segments which lowers even more the reduced segmental motion of the crosslinked polymer and decrease the dianion contribution to the overall ionic conductivity. DFT modeling of the same TFSI-based dianionic dilithium salts reveals that the reason for the trend observed is due to the variation in ion dissociation enthalpy, derived from minimum-energy structures, with respect to perfluoroalkylene chain length.
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Cho CG, Kim YS, Yu X, Hill M, McGrath JE. Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers with sulfonimide side groups for a proton-exchange membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Geiculescu O, Xie Y, Rajagopal R, Creager S, DesMarteau D. Dilithium bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl]diimide salts as electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Thomas BH, Shafer G, Ma JJ, Tu MH, DesMarteau DD. Synthesis of 3,6-dioxa-Δ7-4-trifluoromethyl perfluorooctyl trifluoromethyl sulfonimide: bis[(perfluoroalkyl)sulfonyl] superacid monomer and polymer. J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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