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Chouquet A, Pinto AJ, Hennicke J, Ling WL, Bally I, Schwaigerlehner L, Thielens NM, Kunert R, Reiser JB. Biophysical Characterization of the Oligomeric States of Recombinant Immunoglobulins Type-M and Their C1q-Binding Kinetics by Biolayer Interferometry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:816275. [PMID: 35685087 PMCID: PMC9173649 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.816275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins type-M (IgMs) are one of the first antibody classes mobilized during immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells. Binding to specific target antigens enables the interaction with the C1 complex which strongly activates the classical complement pathway. This biological function is the basis for the huge therapeutic potential of IgMs. But, due to their high oligomeric complexity, in vitro production, biochemical characterization, and biophysical characterization are challenging. In this study, we present recombinant production of two IgM models (IgM617 and IgM012) in pentameric and hexameric states and the evaluation of their polymer distribution using different biophysical methods (analytical ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography coupled to multi-angle laser light scattering, mass photometry, and transmission electron microscopy). Each IgM construct is defined by a specific expression and purification pattern with different sample quality. Nevertheless, both purified IgMs were able to activate complement in a C1q-dependent manner. More importantly, BioLayer Interferometry (BLI) was used for characterizing the kinetics of C1q binding to recombinant IgMs. We show that recombinant IgMs possess similar C1q-binding properties as IgMs purified from human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chouquet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea J Pinto
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Julia Hennicke
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wai Li Ling
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Bally
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Linda Schwaigerlehner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole M Thielens
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Baptiste Reiser
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
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Cook EM, Lindorfer MA, van der Horst H, Oostindie S, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, Zent CS, Burack R, Parren PWHI, Taylor RP. Antibodies That Efficiently Form Hexamers upon Antigen Binding Can Induce Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity under Complement-Limiting Conditions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1762-75. [PMID: 27474078 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that IgG Abs can organize into ordered hexamers after binding their cognate Ags expressed on cell surfaces. This process is dependent on Fc:Fc interactions, which promote C1q binding, the first step in classical pathway complement activation. We went on to engineer point mutations that stimulated IgG hexamer formation and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The hexamer formation-enhanced (HexaBody) CD20 and CD38 mAbs support faster, more robust CDC than their wild-type counterparts. To further investigate the CDC potential of these mAbs, we used flow cytometry, high-resolution digital imaging, and four-color confocal microscopy to examine their activity against B cell lines and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in sera depleted of single complement components. We also examined the CDC activity of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) and mAb W6/32 (anti-HLA), which bind at high density to cells and promote substantial complement activation. Although we observed little CDC for mAb-opsonized cells reacted with sera depleted of early complement components, we were surprised to discover that the Hexabody mAbs, as well as ALM and W6/32, were all quite effective at promoting CDC in sera depleted of individual complement components C6 to C9. However, neutralization studies conducted with an anti-C9 mAb verified that C9 is required for CDC activity against cell lines. These highly effective complement-activating mAbs efficiently focus activated complement components on the cell, including C3b and C9, and promote CDC with a very low threshold of MAC binding, thus providing additional insight into their enhanced efficacy in promoting CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Margaret A Lindorfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | | | | | | | | | - Clive S Zent
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard Burack
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642; and
| | - Paul W H I Parren
- Genmab, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
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Wu M, Li H, Zhang Y, Chen D. Development of a C3c-based ELISA method for the determination of anti-complementary potency of Bupleurum polysaccharides. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:316-22. [PMID: 26579461 PMCID: PMC4629277 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, determination of inhibitory potency of complement inhibitors is performed by the hemolytic assay. However, this assay is not applicable to the lectin pathway, thus impeding the understanding of complement inhibitors against the overall function of the complement system. The main objective of our study was to develop a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as an alternative method to assess the anti-complement activity, particularly against the lectin pathway. By using respective coating substrates against different activation pathways, followed by capturing the stable C3c fragments, our ELISA method can be used to screen complement inhibitors against the classical pathway and the lectin pathway. The inhibitory effect of suramin on the classical pathway, as measured by our hemolytic assay is consistent with previous reports. Further assessment of suramin and Bupleurum polysaccharides against the lectin pathway showed a good reproducibility of the method. Comparison of the lectin pathway IC50 between Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium polysaccharides (1.055 mg/mL) and Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides (0.98 mg/mL) showed that, similar to the classical and alterative pathway, these two Bupleurum polysaccharides had comparable anti-complementary properties against the lectin pathway. The results demonstrate that the described ELISA assay can compensate for the shortcomings of the hemolytic assay in lectin pathway.
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Key Words
- AP, alternative pathway
- Abs, antibodies
- BCPs, Bupleurum chinense polysaccharides
- BG, background value
- BPs, Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium polysaccharides
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bupleurum chinense
- Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium
- CP, classical pathway
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Complement C3c
- DFC, drug-free control
- ELISA
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HRP, horseradish peroxides
- LP, lectin pathway
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MASP, MBL-associated serine proteases
- MBL, mannose-binding lectin
- OD, optical density
- PBS-T-BSA, PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 and 1% BSA
- Polysaccharides
- SRBC, sheep erythrocytes
- Suramin
- VBS, Veronal buffer saline
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 51980050.
| | - Yunyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Willison HJ, Halstead SK, Beveridge E, Zitman FM, Greenshields KN, Morgan BP, Plomp JJ. The role of complement and complement regulators in mediating motor nerve terminal injury in murine models of Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 201-202:172-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Gao D, Tian Y, Ding L, Liang F, Bi S, Chen Y, Yu A, Zhang H. Determination of human complement factor C4 using resonance light-scattering technique with sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 64:430-4. [PMID: 16384741 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the interaction between human complement factor C4 (human C4) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) and the resonance light-scattering (RLS) technique, a highly sensitive assay for human C4 using resonance light-scattering technique was developed. At pH 2.8 Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer solution, the RLS intensities of SDBS system at 283, 503 and 600 nm were obviously enhanced in the presence of human C4. The effects of surfactant, pH, incubation time, concentration of SDBS and foreign substances on the enhanced RLS intensity of system were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced RLS intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of human C4 in the range of (0.5-120)x10(-6)gl-1 and the linear regression equation was obtained with high correlation coefficient. This RLS technique was applied to the determination of human C4 in some synthetic samples with good recovery. Moreover, it was found that the electrostatic interaction is the main binding force between SDBS and human C4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejiang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Linyuan Road 1788, Changchun 130012, China
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Petersen SV, Thiel S, Jensen L, Steffensen R, Jensenius JC. An assay for the mannan-binding lectin pathway of complement activation. J Immunol Methods 2001; 257:107-16. [PMID: 11687244 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mannan-binding lectin (MBL) pathway of complement activation has been established as the third pathway of complement activation. MBL is a carbohydrate-binding serum protein, which circulates in complex with serine proteases known as mannan-binding lectin associated serine proteases (MASPs). When bound to microorganisms, the MBL complex activates the complement components C4 and C2, thereby generating the C3 convertase and leading to opsonisation by the deposition of C4b and C3b fragments. This C4/C2 cleaving activity is shared with the C1 complex of the classical pathway of complement activation. Therefore, in a generally applicable complement activation assay specific for the MBL pathway, the activity of the classical pathway must be inhibited. This can be accomplished by exploiting the finding that high ionic strength buffers inhibit the binding of C1q to immune complexes and disrupt the C1 complex, whereas the carbohydrate-binding activity of MBL and the integrity of the MBL complex is maintained under hypertonic conditions. In the assay described here, the specific C4b-depositing capacity of the MBL pathway was determined by incubating serum diluted in buffer containing 1 M NaCl in mannan-coated microtiter wells before the addition of purified C4. The interassay coefficient of variation in the ELISA version was 7.3%. As expected no activity was found in MBL-deficient serum. When 100 normal serum samples were analysed we found that the MBL level correlated with the amount of C4b deposited on the mannan-coated surface. However, we also found a threefold variation in C4b-depositing capacity between individuals with similar MBL concentrations. The assay permits for the determination of MBL complex activity in serum and plasma samples and may thus be used to evaluate the clinical implications of complement activation via this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Petersen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Bartholin Building, University of Aarhus, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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