Soluble CD27 in thyroid disorders

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of the inflammatory marker soluble CD27 in a large surgical population

Soluble CD27 (sCD27) is a potential biomarker for diseases involving immune dysfunction. As there is currently little data on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sCD27 concentrations in the general population we measured CSF and plasma concentrations in 486 patients (age range 18-92 years, 57% male) undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective surgery. Across the complete cohort the median [range] sCD27 concentrations were 163 [<50 to 7474] pg/mL in CSF and 4624 [1830 to >400,000] pg/mL in plasma. Plasma sCD27, age and Qalb were the factors most strongly associated with CSF sCD27 levels. Reference sCD27 concentration intervals (central 95% of values) in a sub-group without the indication of neuropsychiatric, inflammatory or systemic disease (158 patients) were <50 pg/mL - 419 pg/mL for CSF and 2344-36422 pg/mL for plasma. These data provide preliminary reference ranges that could inform future studies of the validity of sCD27 as a biomarker for neuro- and systemic inflammatory disorders.

The soluble glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in murine macrophages

In order to clarify the mechanism by which soluble GITR (sGITR) inhibits the survival of murine macrophages we examined its effect on the macrophage cell cycle. Soluble GITR induced G1 phase arrest followed by apoptosis. It also reduced the expression of cyclins D2 and A, and of cdk4, resulting in reduced cdk2 and cdk4 activities. These findings suggest that sGITR arrests division of the macrophages in G1 by lowering the activities of cdk2 and cdk4, and that this leads to apoptosis.

Abnormal B cell differentiation in primary Sjögren's syndrome results in a depressed percentage of circulating memory B cells and elevated levels of soluble CD27 that correlate with Serum IgG concentration

The percentage of CD27(+) B cells in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is significantly decreased compared to normals. In contrast, serum levels of the soluble form of CD27 (sCD27) are significantly higher in pSS patients, with a strong positive correlation between sCD27 and serum IgG levels. In vitro experiments demonstrate that normal B cells cultured under conditions driving plasma cell differentiation result in the production of substantial amounts of sCD27. Analyses of V(H)-region genes from sorted CD27(+) and CD27(-) B cells from pSS patients confirm that the CD27(+) population corresponds to the somatically mutated memory compartment, as in healthy individuals. Together our data indicate that in pSS, there is an abnormal differentiation of B cells to plasma cells resulting in a depression of the circulating memory B-cell pool and the release of significant amounts of sCD27 and IgG.