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Chen J, Lansac Y, Tresset G. Interactions between the Molecular Components of the Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9490-9498. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b08026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Chen
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Yves Lansac
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, CNRS, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Tresset
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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2
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Harkness V RW, Avakyan N, Sleiman HF, Mittermaier AK. Mapping the energy landscapes of supramolecular assembly by thermal hysteresis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3152. [PMID: 30089867 PMCID: PMC6082911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how biological macromolecules assemble into higher-order structures is critical to explaining their function in living organisms and engineered biomaterials. Transient, partly-structured intermediates are essential in many assembly processes and pathway selection, but are challenging to characterize. Here we present a simple thermal hysteresis method based on rapid, non-equilibrium melting and annealing measurements that maps the rate of supramolecular assembly as a function of temperature and concentration. A straightforward analysis of these surfaces provides detailed information on the natures of assembly pathways, offering temperature resolution beyond that accessible with conventional techniques. Validating the approach using a tetrameric guanine quadruplex, we obtain strikingly good agreement with previous kinetics measurements and reveal temperature-dependent changes to the assembly pathway. In an application to the recently discovered co-assembly of polydeoxyadenosine (poly(A)) and cyanuric acid, we show that fiber elongation is initiated when an unstable complex containing three poly(A) monomers acquires a fourth strand. Complex assembly pathways often involve transient, partly-formed intermediates that are challenging to characterize. Here, the authors present a simple and rapid spectroscopic thermal hysteresis method for mapping the energy landscapes of supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Harkness V
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Nicole Avakyan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hanadi F Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Anthony K Mittermaier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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3
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Sato T, Shimozawa T, Fukasawa T, Ohtaki M, Aramaki K, Wakabayashi K, Ishiwata S. Actin oligomers at the initial stage of polymerization induced by increasing temperature at low ionic strength: Study with small-angle X-ray scattering. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2010; 6:1-11. [PMID: 27857581 PMCID: PMC5036667 DOI: 10.2142/biophysics.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we have studied the initial stage (nucleation and oligomerization) of actin polymerization induced by raising temperature in a stepwise manner from 1°C to 30°C at low ionic strength (4.0 mg ml−1 actin in G-buffer). The SAXS experiments were started from the mono-disperse G-actin state, which was confirmed by comparing the scattering pattern in q- and real space with X-ray crystallographic data. We observed that the forward scattering intensity I(q → 0), used as an indicator for the extent of poly-merization, began to increase at ∼14°C for Mg-actin and ∼20°C for Ca-actin, and this critical temperature did not depend on the nucleotide species, i.e., ATP or ADP. At the temperatures higher than ∼20°C for Mg-actin and ∼25°C for Ca-actin, the coherent reflection peak, which is attributed to the helical structure of F-actin, appeared. The pair-distance distribution functions, p(r), corresponding to the frequency of vector lengths (r) within the molecule, were obtained by the indirect Fourier transformation (IFT) of the scattering curves, I(q). Next, the size distributions of oligomers at each temperature were analyzed by fitting the experimentally obtained p(r) with the theoretical p(r) for the helical and linear oligomers (2–13mers) calculated based on the X-ray crystallographic data. We found that p(r) at the initial stage of polymerization was well accounted for by the superposition of monomer, linear/helical dimers, and helical trimer, being independent of the type of divalent cations and nucleotides. These results suggest that the polymerization of actin in G-buffer induced by an increase in temperature proceeds via the elongation of the helical trimer, which supports, in a structurally resolved manner, a widely believed hypothesis that the polymerization nucleus is a helical trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Sato
- Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Togo Shimozawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiko Fukasawa
- Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masako Ohtaki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Aramaki
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Katsuzo Wakabayashi
- Division of Biophysical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Ishiwata
- Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABIOS), 11 Biopolis Way, #05-01/02 Helios, 138667 Singapore
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4
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Takeda K, Sano Y, Ichikawa S, Hirata Y, Matsuki H, Kaneshina S. Effect of a Local Anesthetic Lidocaine Hydrochloride on the Bilayer Structure of Phospholipids. J Oleo Sci 2009; 58:369-77. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.58.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Takeda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima
- Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc
| | - You Sano
- Department of Physics, Kansai Medical University
| | - Sosaku Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yuuki Hirata
- Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc
| | - Hitoshi Matsuki
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
| | - Shoji Kaneshina
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima
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Muroga Y, Sano Y, Tagawa H, Shimizu S. Studies on the Conformation of a Polyelectrolyte in Solution: Local Conformation of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus RNA Compared with Tobacco Mosaic Virus RNA. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:8619-25. [PMID: 17477558 DOI: 10.1021/jp068944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability of the local structures of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus RNA, CGMMV-RNA, and tobacco mosaic virus RNA, TMV-RNA, was studied by circular dichroism (CD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and compared with each other in the temperature domain from 20 to 50 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the molar ellipticity and mean-square radius of the cross section of a chain shows that the structure of CGMMV-RNA is more vulnerable than that of TMV-RNA. Such a different thermal stability of their structures was also reflected in the temperature dependence of the length and number of the constituent rods when the structures of the two RNA chains were represented by a model which consisted of rods joined with freely hinged joints. From these results, a possibility was suggested that the structural stability of CGMMV-RNA and TMV-RNA might be correlated with the infectivity of the corresponding virus, CGMMV and TMV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Muroga
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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Goda S, Kojima M, Nishikawa Y, Kujo C, Kawakami R, Kuramitsu S, Sakuraba H, Hiragi Y, Ohshima T. Intersubunit interaction induced by subunit rearrangement is essential for the catalytic activity of the hyperthermophilic glutamate dehydrogenase from Pyrobaculum islandicum. Biochemistry 2006; 44:15304-13. [PMID: 16285734 DOI: 10.1021/bi050478l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The specific activity of recombinant Pyrobaculum islandicum glutamate dehydrogenase (pis-GDH) expressed in Escherichia coli is much lower than that of the native enzyme. However, when the recombinant enzyme is heated at 90 degrees C or exposed to 5 M urea, the activity increases to a level comparable to that of the native enzyme. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that the radius of gyration (R(g,z)) of the hexameric recombinant enzyme was reduced to 47 A from 55 A by either heat or urea, and that the final structure of the active enzyme is the same irrespective of the mechanism of activation. Activation was accompanied by a shift in the peaks of the Kratky plot, though the molecular mass of the enzyme was unchanged. The activation-induced decline in R(g,z) followed first-order kinetics, indicating that activation of the enzyme involved a transition between two states, which was confirmed by singular-value decomposition analysis. When the low-resolution structure of the recombinant enzyme was restored using ab initio modeling, we found it to possess no point symmetry, whereas the heat-activated enzyme possessed 32-point symmetry. In addition, a marked increase in the fluorescence emission was observed with addition of ANS to the inactive recombinant enzyme but not the active forms, indicating that upon activation hydrophobic residues on the surface of the recombinant protein moved to the interior. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that subunit rearrangement, i.e., a change in the quaternary structure of the hexameric recombinant pis-GDH, is essential for activation of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Goda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima, Minamijosanjimacho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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Higurashi T, Hiragi Y, Ichimura K, Seki Y, Soda K, Mizobata T, Kawata Y. Structural Stability and Solution Structure of Chaperonin GroES Heptamer Studied by Synchrotron Small-angle X-ray Scattering. J Mol Biol 2003; 333:605-20. [PMID: 14556748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The GroES protein from Escherichia coli is a well-known member of the molecular chaperones. GroES consists of seven identical 10 kDa subunits, and forms a dome-like oligomeric structure. In order to obtain information on the structural stability and unfolding-refolding mechanism of GroES protein, especially at protein concentrations (0.4-1.2 mM GroES monomer) that would mimic heat stress conditions in vivo, we have performed synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Surprisingly, in spite of the high protein concentration, reversibility in the unfolding-refolding reaction was confirmed by SAXS experiments structurally. Although the unfolding-refolding reaction showed an apparent single transition with a Cm of 1.1 M guanidium hydrochloride, a more detailed analysis of this transition demonstrated that the unfolding mechanism could be best explained by a sequential three-state model, which consists of native heptamer, dissociated monomer, and unfolded monomer. Together with our previous result that GroES unfolded completely via a partially folded monomer according to a three-state model at low protein concentration (5 microM monomer), the unfolding-refolding mechanism of GroES protein could be explained uniformly by the three-state model from low to high protein concentrations. Furthermore, to clarify an ambiguity of the native GroES structure in solution, especially mobile loop structures, we have estimated a solution structure of GroES using SAXS profiles obtained from experiments and simulation analysis. The result suggested that the native structure of GroES in solution was very similar to that seen in GroES-GroEL complex determined by crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higurashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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A kinetic and statistical-thermodynamic model for baculovirus infection and virus-like particle assembly in suspended insect cells. Chem Eng Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(99)00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Muroga Y, Sano Y, Inoue H, Suzuki K, Miyata T, Hiyoshi T, Yokota K, Watanabe Y, Liu X, Ichikawa S, Tagawa H, Hiragi Y. Small angle X-ray scattering studies on local structure of tobacco mosaic virus RNA in solution. Biophys Chem 2000; 83:197-209. [PMID: 10647850 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of temperature and ionic strength (S) on the local structure of tobacco mosaic virus RNA in phosphate buffer solution are studied by analyzing the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) curves. The root-mean-square radius of a cross-section of RNA chain was kept at 0.845+/-0.005 nm over a wide range of S from 0.2 to 0.003 at 20 degrees C, whereas it gradually diminished from 0.85 to 0.61 nm when the temperature is raised from 20 to 50 degrees C at S = 0.2. Nevertheless, all of SAXS curves reflecting the backbone structures were equally mimicked by theoretical ones of freely hinged rod (FHR) models, i.e. several straight rods joined with freely hinged joints in the form of a combination of the letter Y, if the constituent rod lengths in the models are adjusted. From these facts, it is suggested that the local structure of the RNA chain in aqueous solution is characterized by an essential feature that unpaired bases in the partially double-stranded helix are constantly far isolated from each other along the helix and the rod-like structure of the helix is preserved over a range of helical contents. Such a characteristic local structure of the chain is entirely collapsed in the formamide solution at 50 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Muroga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
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Sano Y, Inoue H, Hiragi Y. Differences of reconstitution process between tobacco mosaic virus and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus by synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering using low-temperature quenching. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1999; 18:801-5. [PMID: 10691191 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020689720082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The differences of the reconstitution process of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and its mutant, cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) were investigated by the solution X-ray scattering measurements with the synchrotron radiation source using low-temperature quenching. The reconstitution in an aqueous solution is completely stopped below 5 degrees C. The TMV and CGMMV assembly was traced by the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at 5 degrees C on a series of solutions prepared by low-temperature quenching after incubation at 20 degrees C for an appropriate interval between 0 and 60 min. The SAXS results were analyzed by the Guinier plot, the Kratky plot and the distance distribution function. The incubation of RNA and protein of CGMMV did not reconstitute at the initial reaction stages below 5 min and then began to reconstitute gradually. After 60 min, the radius of gyration for CGMMV reconstitution process reached almost the value for the initial stage of TMV reconstitution process. This is due to the fact the formation of double-layered disk in CGMMV protein is much slower than in TMV protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sano
- National Food Research Institute, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
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12
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Hirata Y, Sano Y, Aoki M, Kobatake H, Kato S, Yamamoto H. Structural Change in Dextran: Mechanism of Insolubilization by Adsorption on the Air-Liquid Interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 1999; 212:530-534. [PMID: 10092384 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1998.6056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the insolubilization mechanism of water-soluble dextran, the association of dextran in water was studied by dynamic light scattering measurements and a surface chemical approach. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that insolubilization of dextran is accompanied by a structural change in dextran. Surface tension data for dextran molecules revealed a structural change in dextran molecules at the air-liquid interface. These results suggest that insolubilization of dextran molecules occurred through an adsorption process at the air-liquid interface. Insolubilization of dextran molecules can be reduced by inhibition of this structural change in dextran molecules. The presence of boron as an impurity was found to trigger precipitation based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements and precipitation tests. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hirata
- Formulation Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Kuguhara 115, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
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13
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Sano Y, Inoue H, Kajiwara K, Hiragi Y, Isoda S. Structural analysis of A-protein of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1997; 16:151-9. [PMID: 9112608 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026398218973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The size and shape of A-protein of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVP) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus coat protein (CGMMVP) were evaluated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using a synchrotron radiation source, complemented by electron microscopic observations. The results imply that TMV and CGMMV A-proteins are composed of three and two subunits, respectively, stacked in the shape of an isosceles triangular prism at lower ionic strength. Considering the difference of the A-protein structure at higher and lower ionic strength, the globular core structure was proposed as a subunit which might be modeled as a thin isosceles triangular prism composed of four globular cores joined by rather flexible segments. These cores correspond probably to four helical regions in a subunit, and rearrange their relative positions according to the external conditions. A slight rearrangement of core positions in a subunit may result in the formation of A-proteins of various shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sano
- National Food Research Institute, Ibaraki-ken, Japan.
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Chapter 6 Structure analysis by small-angle X-ray scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0926-4345(96)80007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Sano Y, Inoue H, Hiragi Y, Urakawa H, Kajiwara K. Solution X-ray scattering study of reconstitution process of tobacco mosaic virus particle using low-temperature quenching. Biophys Chem 1995; 55:239-45. [PMID: 17020870 DOI: 10.1016/0301-4622(95)00003-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/1994] [Revised: 12/16/1994] [Accepted: 12/20/1994] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The reconstitution process of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was investigated by the solution X-ray scattering measurements with the synchrotron radiation source using low-temperature quenching. TMV assembly in an aqueous solution is completely stopped below 5 degrees C. The TMV assembly was traced by the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at 5 degrees C on a series of solutions prepared by low-temperature quenching after incubation either at 15, 20 or 25 degrees C for an appropriate interval between 0 and 60 min. The SAXS results were analyzed by the Guinier plot, the Kratky plot and the distance distribution function. In order to account the time course of SAXS profiles in terms of the elongation of TMV assembly, a model calculation was performed to simulate the Guinier plot, the Kratky plot and the distance distribution function by applying Glatter's multibody method using models that were constituted of the spheres representing a column of piled two-layer disks of TMV-protein. The three simulated functions thus obtained support the conclusion derived from the three functions calculated from the experimental results that the incubation of the RNA and protein of TMV began to reconstitute TMV instantly after mixing, proceeded steeply to a long rod, and then extended asymptotic to the full length of the TMV particle. This process is in good agreement with that obtained from electron microscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sano
- National Food Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hirai M, Takizawa T, Yabuki S, Hirai T, Ueki T, Sano Y. Time-transient process of magnetically induced growth of nematic domains in a biological macromolecular liquid crystal. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1995; 51:1263-1267. [PMID: 9962768 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.51.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ando M, Hyodo K, Kobayashi K, Kagoshima Y, Shinohara K, Wakabayashi K, Kataoka M, Rehse PH. Ten years of medicine and biology at the Photon Factory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/08940889308602751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sano Y. Degree of linear polarization method for determination of intrinsic optical anisotropy of southern bean mosaic virus. Biopolymers 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.360330108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Small-angle x-ray scattering study of metal ion-induced conformational changes in Serratia protease. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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