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UV-induced -OCH 3 rotamerization in a matrix-isolated methoxy-substituted ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff base. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:835-847. [PMID: 35076900 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new methoxy-substituted ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff base, 4-(3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene-amino) phenol was synthesized from 4-aminophenol and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde in methanol solution and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and infrared spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The compound was isolated in a cryogenic (10 K) argon matrix, and the analysis of the infrared spectrum of the matrix-isolated compound revealed that it corresponds to the E-enol-imine isomeric form, with 3 different conformers being present in the matrix. These conformers share as common structural features the conformation of the free hydroxyl group (trans relatively to the para-substituent of the ring) and the presence of an OH…N intramolecular H-bond involving the methoxy-substituted phenol ring and the azomethine bridge, while they differ in the orientation of the methoxy-substituent group. The structures and relative energies of the conformers of the molecule, and relevant barriers for their interconversion were obtained through quantum chemical calculations, which were also used to calculate the infrared spectra of the different forms. Calculations were also carried out for the higher-energy Z-enol-imine and keto-amine forms of the compound. Upon UV (230 nm) irradiation, -OCH3 rotamerization was observed, leading to conversion of the lowest energy conformer, where the methoxy group is aligned with the plane of the ring, into the other two conformers initially present in the matrix, in which the OCH3 group is out-of-the-plane of the ring. As for other phenolic compounds previously studied, spontaneous quantum mechanical tunneling conversion of the cis-OH conformers present in the gas-phase into the three observed conformers was found to take place during matrix deposition.
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Karakurt T, Dinçer M, Cukurovali A, Yilmaz I. Quantum Chemical Calculations of 5-Diethylamino-2-{[4-(3-Methyl-3-Phenyl-Cyclobutyl)-Thiazol-2-yl]-Hydrazonomethyl}-Phenol Single Crystal Containing Heteroatoms. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2004173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuncay Karakurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Architecture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Dinçer
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alaaddin Cukurovali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Zarycz MNC, Schiel MA, Angelina E, Enriz RD. Covalence and π-electron delocalization influence on hydrogen bonds in proton transfer process of o-hydroxy aryl Schiff bases: A combined NMR and QTAIM analysis. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054307. [PMID: 34364326 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the framework of the density functional theory approach, we studied the relationship between the chemical nature of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters, J-couplings and 1H-chemical shifts [δ(1H)], of the atoms involved in such bonds in o-hydroxyaryl Schiff bases during the proton transfer process. For the first time, the shape of the dependence of the degree of covalence in HBs on 1J(N-H), 1J(O-H), 2hJ(O-N), and δ(1H) during the proton transfer process in o-hydroxyaryl Schiff bases was analyzed. Parameters obtained from Bader's theory of atoms in molecules were used to assess the dependence of covalent character in HBs with both the NMR properties. The influence of π-electronic delocalization on 2hJ(N-O) under the proton transfer process was investigated. 2hJ(O-N) in a Mannich base was also studied in order to compare the results with an unsaturated system. In addition, substituent effects on the phenolic ring were investigated. Our results indicate that the covalent character of HBs on both sides of the transition state undergoes a smooth exponential increase as the δ(1H) moves downfield. The degree of covalence of the N⋯H (O⋯H) bond increases linearly as 1J(N-H) (1J(O-H)) becomes more negative, even after reaching the transition state. Non-vanishing values of spin dipolar (SD) and paramagnetic spin orbital terms of 2hJ(O-N) show that π-electronic delocalization has a non-negligible effect on tautomeric equilibrium and gives evidence of the presence of the resonance assisted HB.Variation of the SD term of 2hJ(O-N) follows a similar pattern as the change in the para-delocalization aromaticity index of the chelate ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Natalia C Zarycz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL). CONICET, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - M Ayelén Schiel
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL). CONICET, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Emilio Angelina
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular y Propiedades, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada (IQUIBA-NEA). CONICET, Avda. Libertad 5460, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL). CONICET, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
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Structural Relevance of Intramolecular H-Bonding in Ortho-Hydroxyaryl Schiff Bases: The Case of 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino) Phenol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092814. [PMID: 34068634 PMCID: PMC8126046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Schiff base compound, 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)phenol (abbreviated as BHAP) was synthesized and characterized by 1H- and 13C- nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies. DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations were undertaken in order to explore the conformational space of both the E- and Z- geometrical isomers of the enol-imine and keto-amine tautomers of the compound. Optimized geometries and relative energies were obtained, and it was shown that the most stable species is the E-enol-imine form, which may exist in four low-energy intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded forms (I, II, V, and VI) that are almost isoenergetic. These conformers were concluded to exist in the gas phase equilibrium with nearly equal populations. On the other hand, the infrared spectra of the compound isolated in a cryogenic argon matrix (10 K) are compatible with the presence in the matrix of only two of these conformers (conformers II and V), while conformers I and VI convert to these ones by quantum mechanical tunneling through the barrier associated with the rotation of the OH phenolic group around the C–O bond. The matrix isolation infrared spectrum was then assigned and interpreted with help of the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) calculated infrared spectra for conformers II and V. In addition, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed on the most stable conformer of the experimentally relevant isomeric form (E-enol-imino conformer V) to shed light on details of its electronic structure. This investigation stresses the fundamental structural relevance of the O–H···N intramolecular H-bond in o-hydroxyaryl Schiff base compounds.
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Tigineh GT, Liu L. Systematic studies on mechanochemical synthesis: Schiff bases from solid aromatic primary amines and aldehydes. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Getinet Tamiru Tigineh
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryBahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia
| | - Ling‐Kang Liu
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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Zarycz MNC, Provasi PF. Investigation of the resonance-assisted hydrogen bond in model β-diketones through localized molecular orbital analysis of the spin-spin coupling constants related to the O-H···O hydrogen bond. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:120-129. [PMID: 25266873 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The resonance-assisted hydrogen bond (HB) phenomenon has been studied theoretically by a localized molecular orbital (LMO) decomposition of the spin-spin coupling constants between atoms either involved or close to the O-H···O system of some β-diketones and their saturated counterparts. The analysis, carried out at the level of the second-order polarization propagator approximation, shows that the contributions in terms of LMO to the paramagnetic spin orbital and the spin dipolar Ramsey terms proof the importance of the delocalized π-electron structure supporting the idea of the existence of the resonance-assisted HB phenomenon phenomenon. The LMO contributions to the Fermi contact term indicate mainly the presence of the HB that may or not be linked to the π-electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Natalia C Zarycz
- Department of Physics, University of Northeastern CONICET, Av. Libertad 5500, Corrientes, Argentina
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Tigineh GT, Wen YS, Liu LK. Solvent-free mechanochemical conversion of 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde and primary aromatic amines to corresponding Schiff-bases. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martyniak A, Panek J, Jezierska-Mazzarello A, Filarowski A. Triple hydrogen bonding in a circular arrangement: ab initio, DFT and first-principles MD studies of tris-hydroxyaryl enamines. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1045-53. [PMID: 22955961 PMCID: PMC3474916 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
First-principles Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics, ab initio (MP2) and density functional schemes have been used to explore the tautomeric equilibrium in three tris(amino(R)methylidene)cyclohexane-1,3,5-triones (R = hydrogen, methyl or phenyl group). The dynamic nature of the cyclic hydrogen bonding has been studied by the first-principles MD method. The comparison of the results obtained by aforesaid methods has been accomplished on the basis of calculations of structural and spectroscopic characteristics of the compounds. The conformational analysis of the studied compounds has been carried out at the MP2/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels of theory. The influence of steric and electronic effects on the cyclic hydrogen bonding has been analysed. The extent of the proton delocalization has been modified by the substituents according to the sequence: hydrogen < phenyl < methyl. This fact is verified by the spectroscopic and structural data as well as the energy potential curve. A prevalence of the keto-enamine tautomeric form has been observed in the static ab initio and DFT models, and confirmed by the first-principles MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Martyniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie str., 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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Koşar B, Albayrak C, Ersanlı CC, Odabaşoğlu M, Büyükgüngör O. Molecular structure, spectroscopic investigations, second-order nonlinear optical properties and intramolecular proton transfer of (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-propylphenylimino)methyl]phenol: a combined experimental and theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 93:1-9. [PMID: 22465762 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a combined experimental and theoretical study on an ortho-hydroxy Schiff base compound, (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-[(4-propylphenylimino)methyl]phenol. The crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of the compound have been determined by using X-ray diffraction, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques. The electronic structure, vibrational frequencies and electronic absorption spectra have been investigated from the calculative point of view. A relaxed potential energy surface scan has been performed based on the optimized geometry of OH tautomeric form to describe the potential energy barrier belonging to intramolecular proton transfer and to observe the effects of transfer on the molecular geometry. The second-order nonlinear optical properties have been investigated based on the first static hyperpolarizability (β) by using the density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Koşar
- Department of Science Education, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Turkey.
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Minkin VI, Tsukanov AV, Dubonosov AD, Bren VA. Tautomeric Schiff bases: Iono-, solvato-, thermo- and photochromism. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kosar B, Albayrak Ç, Odabaşoğlu M, Büyükgüngör O. Molecular structure of (Z)-6-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylamino) methylene]-3-(diethylamino)cyclohexa-2,4-dienone: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Koşar B, Albayrak C, Odabaşoglu M, Büyükgüngör O. (E)-2-[(2-Bromophenylimino)methyl]-5-methoxyphenol: X-ray and DFT-calculated structures. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774510070187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yazıcı S, Erşahin F, Ağar E, Şenel İ, Büyükgüngör O. 2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]hydroquinone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o1155. [PMID: 21583958 PMCID: PMC2977821 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809015396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C13H10ClNO2, exists in the phenol–imine form in the crystal, and the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 2.82 (9)°. An intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond results in the formation of a planar six-membered ring. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains.
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Filarowski A, Koll A, Hansen PE, Kluba M. Density Functional Theory Study of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer in o-Hydroxyaryl Ketimines. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3478-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076991l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Filarowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Koll
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Hansen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Malgorzata Kluba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland, and Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Deveci O, Işık S, Erşahin F, Ağar E. (E)-2-[(2-Chloro-phen-yl)imino-meth-yl]-4-methyl-phenol. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o539. [PMID: 21201558 PMCID: PMC2960362 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecule of the title compound, C14H12ClNO, adopts the enol–imine tautomeric form, with an intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the molecule, the two benzene rings are twisted with respect to each other by 30.6 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions.
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Pajak J, Maes G, De Borggraeve W, Boens N, Filarowski A. Matrix-isolation FT-IR and theoretical investigation of the vibrational properties of the sterically hindered ortho-hydroxy acylaromatic Schiff bases. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Some polyhydroxy azo–azomethine derivatives of salicylaldehyde: Synthesis, characterization, spectroscopic, molecular structure and antimicrobial activity studies. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alkorta I, Elguero J, Mó O, Yáñez * M, Del Bene JE. Do coupling constants and chemical shifts provide evidence for the existence of resonance-assisted hydrogen bonds? Mol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970412331292885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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