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Allen AM, Olive LN, Gonzalez Franco PA, Barua SR, Allen WD, Schaefer HF. Fulminic acid: a quasibent spectacle. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:24109-24125. [PMID: 39248729 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02700k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Fulminic acid (HCNO) played a critical role in the early development of organic chemistry, and chemists have sought to discern the structure and characteristics of this molecule and its isomers for over 200 years. The mercurial nature of the extremely flat H-C-N bending potential of fulminic acid, with a nearly vanishing harmonic vibrational frequency at linearity, remains enigmatic and refractory to electronic structure theory, as dramatic variation with both orbital basis set and electron correlation method is witnessed. To solve this problem using rigorous electronic wavefunction methods, we have employed focal point analyses (FPA) to ascertain the ab initio limit of optimized linear and bent geometries, corresponding vibrational frequencies, and the HCN + O(3P) → HCNO reaction energy. Electron correlation treatments as extensive as CCSDT(Q), CCSDTQ(P), and even CCSDTQP(H) were employed, and complete basis set (CBS) extrapolations were performed using the cc-pCVXZ (X = 4-6) basis sets. Core electron correlation, scalar relativistic effects (MVD1), and diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections (DBOC) were all included and found to contribute significantly in determining whether vibrationless HCNO is linear or bent. At the all-electron (AE) CCSD(T)/CBS level, HCNO is a linear molecule with ω5(H-C-N bend) = 120 cm-1. However, composite AE-CCSDT(Q)/CBS computations give an imaginary frequency (51i cm-1) at the linear optimized geometry, leading to an equilibrium structure with an H-C-N angle of 173.9°. Finally, at the AE-CCSDTQ(P)/CBS level, HCNO is once again linear with ω5 = 45 cm-1, and inclusion of both MVD1 and DBOC effects yields ω5 = 32 cm-1. A host of other topics has also been investigated for fulminic acid, including the dependence of re and ωi predictions on a variety of CBS extrapolation formulas, the question of multireference character, the N-O bond energy and enthalpy of formation, and issues that give rise to the quasibent appellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Allen
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Laura N Olive
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | | | - Shiblee R Barua
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Wesley D Allen
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Mendolicchio M, Bloino J, Barone V. General Perturb-Then-Diagonalize Model for the Vibrational Frequencies and Intensities of Molecules Belonging to Abelian and Non-Abelian Symmetry Groups. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4332-4358. [PMID: 34085530 PMCID: PMC8280743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we show that the standard second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) for Abelian groups can be used also for non-Abelian groups without employing specific equations for two- or threefold degenerate vibrations but rather handling in the proper way all the degeneracy issues and deriving the peculiar spectroscopic signatures of non-Abelian groups (e.g., l -doubling) by a posteriori transformations of the eigenfunctions. Comparison with the results of previous conventional implementations shows a perfect agreement for the vibrational energies of linear and symmetric tops, thus paving the route to the transparent extension of the equations already available for asymmetric tops to the energies of spherical tops and the infrared and Raman intensities of molecules belonging to non-Abelian symmetry groups. The whole procedure has been implemented in our general engine for vibro-rotational computations beyond the rigid rotor/harmonic oscillator model and has been validated on a number of test cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australien
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Wentrup C. Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis: Techniques and Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14808-14835. [PMID: 28675675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) had its beginnings in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly through mass spectrometric detection of pyrolytically formed free radicals. In the 1960s many organic chemists started performing FVP experiments with the purpose of isolating new and interesting compounds and understanding pyrolysis processes. Meanwhile, many different types of apparatus and techniques have been developed, and it is the purpose of this review to present the most important methods as well as a survey of typical reactions and observations that can be achieved with the various techniques. This includes preparative FVP, chemical trapping reactions, matrix isolation, and low temperature spectroscopy of reactive intermediates and unstable molecules, the use of online mass, photoelectron, microwave, and millimeterwave spectroscopies, gas-phase laser pyrolysis, pulsed pyrolysis with supersonic jet expansion, very low pressure pyrolysis for kinetic investigations, solution-spray and falling-solid FVP for involatile compounds, and pyrolysis over solid supports and reagents. Moreover, the combination of FVP with matrix isolation and photochemistry is a powerful tool for investigations of reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Wentrup
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Beck W, Fischer G, Swoboda P. Some Comments on Fulminic Acid (Knallsäure) and a Praise to Heinrich Wielandand his Work on Organic Derivatives of Nitrogen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Beck
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Gerd Fischer
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Swoboda
- Department Chemie; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 München Germany
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Piccardo M, Bloino J, Barone V. Generalized Vibrational Perturbation Theory for Rotovibrational Energies of Linear, Symmetric and Asymmetric Tops: Theory, Approximations, and Automated Approaches to Deal with Medium-to-Large Molecular Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2015; 115:948-982. [PMID: 26345131 PMCID: PMC4553754 DOI: 10.1002/qua.24931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Models going beyond the rigid-rotor and the harmonic oscillator levels are mandatory for providing accurate theoretical predictions for several spectroscopic properties. Different strategies have been devised for this purpose. Among them, the treatment by perturbation theory of the molecular Hamiltonian after its expansion in power series of products of vibrational and rotational operators, also referred to as vibrational perturbation theory (VPT), is particularly appealing for its computational efficiency to treat medium-to-large systems. Moreover, generalized (GVPT) strategies combining the use of perturbative and variational formalisms can be adopted to further improve the accuracy of the results, with the first approach used for weakly coupled terms, and the second one to handle tightly coupled ones. In this context, the GVPT formulation for asymmetric, symmetric, and linear tops is revisited and fully generalized to both minima and first-order saddle points of the molecular potential energy surface. The computational strategies and approximations that can be adopted in dealing with GVPT computations are pointed out, with a particular attention devoted to the treatment of symmetry and degeneracies. A number of tests and applications are discussed, to show the possibilities of the developments, as regards both the variety of treatable systems and eligible methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Piccardo
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy E-mail:
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy E-mail: ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (CNR-ICCOM) UOS di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi, 1, I-56124, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy E-mail:
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Koch R, Wollweber HJ, Müller-Starke H, Wentrup C. α-Oxo-Iminoxyls of Isoxazolones, Pyrazolones and 1,2,3-Triazolone. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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A study of quantum phase transitions and quantum monodromy in the bending motion of non-rigid molecules. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Palmer MH. The electronic states of 1,2,5-oxadiazole studied by VUV absorption spectroscopy and CI, CCSD(T) and DFT methods. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Y, Liu HL, Sun YB, Li Z, Huang XR, Sun CC. Radical reaction HCNO + 3NH: a mechanistic study. Theor Chem Acc 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-009-0591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Albert S, Quack M. High Resolution Rovibrational Spectroscopy of Chiral and Aromatic Compounds. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1271-81. [PMID: 17566970 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of selected rovibrationally resolved infrared spectra of some relatively heavy and large polyatomic molecules is reviewed. A short historical summary of the development of high resolution interferometric Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers is given and the possibilities of the currently most highly resolving FTIR spectrometer, which is commercially available in the Bruker IFS 125 series, are discussed. The computational tools necessary to analyse FTIR spectra are described briefly. As examples of rovibrational analysis the spectra of three selected molecules CHCl(2)F, CDBrClF, and pyridine (C(5)H(5)N) are discussed. The spectrum of CHCl(2)F, a fluorochlorohydrocarbon, is of interest for a better understanding of the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. CDBrClF is a chiral molecule and therefore the analysis of its rovibrational spectra provides the basis for carrying out further experiments towards the detection of molecular parity violation. The analysis of the pyridine FTIR spectra illustrates the potential of the new generation of FTIR spectrometers in the study of spectra and rovibrational dynamics of aromatic systems and molecules of potential biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieghard Albert
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Beck W. The First Chemical Achievements and Publications by Justus von Liebig (1803−1873) on Metal Fulminates and Some Further Developments in Metal Fulminates and Related Areas of Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Beck
- Department Chemie der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität Butenandtstr. 5−13, 81377 München, Germany
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Iachello F, Pérez-Bernal F, Vaccaro P. A novel algebraic scheme for describing nonrigid molecules. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lichau H, Ross SC, Lock M, Albert S, Winnewisser BP, Winnewisser M, De Lucia FC. On the Low-Lying CCN Bending Mode of the Nearly Linear Molecule NCCNO. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012068m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Lichau
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Stephen C. Ross
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Michael Lock
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sieghard Albert
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Brenda P. Winnewisser
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Manfred Winnewisser
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Frank C. De Lucia
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3, and Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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