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Abstract
Chemical reactions that occur at nanostructured electrodes have garnered widespread interest because of their potential applications in fields including nanotechnology, green chemistry and fundamental physical organic chemistry. Much of our present understanding of these reactions comes from probes that interrogate ensembles of molecules undergoing various stages of the transformation concurrently. Exquisite control over single-molecule reactivity lets us construct new molecules and further our understanding of nanoscale chemical phenomena. We can study single molecules using instruments such as the scanning tunnelling microscope, which can additionally be part of a mechanically controlled break junction. These are unique tools that can offer a high level of detail. They probe the electronic conductance of individual molecules and catalyse chemical reactions by establishing environments with reactive metal sites on nanoscale electrodes. This Review describes how chemical reactions involving bond cleavage and formation can be triggered at nanoscale electrodes and studied one molecule at a time.
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Rojas-León I, Hernández-Cruz MG, Vargas-Olvera EC, Höpfl H, Alnasr H, Jurkschat K. Dinuclear organotin compounds carrying naphthylene- and biphenylene-spacer groups. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cheng ZL, Skouta R, Vazquez H, Widawsky JR, Schneebeli S, Chen W, Hybertsen MS, Breslow R, Venkataraman L. In situ formation of highly conducting covalent Au-C contacts for single-molecule junctions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 6:353-357. [PMID: 21552252 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport across metal-molecule interfaces has an important role in organic electronics. Typically, chemical link groups such as thiols or amines are used to bind organic molecules to metal electrodes in single-molecule circuits, with these groups controlling both the physical structure and the electronic coupling at the interface. Direct metal-carbon coupling has been shown through C60, benzene and π-stacked benzene, but ideally the carbon backbone of the molecule should be covalently bonded to the electrode without intervening link groups. Here, we demonstrate a method to create junctions with such contacts. Trimethyl tin (SnMe(3))-terminated polymethylene chains are used to form single-molecule junctions with a break-junction technique. Gold atoms at the electrode displace the SnMe(3) linkers, leading to the formation of direct Au-C bonded single-molecule junctions with a conductance that is ∼100 times larger than analogous alkanes with most other terminations. The conductance of these Au-C bonded alkanes decreases exponentially with molecular length, with a decay constant of 0.97 per methylene, consistent with a non-resonant transport mechanism. Control experiments and ab initio calculations show that high conductances are achieved because a covalent Au-C sigma (σ) bond is formed. This offers a new method for making reproducible and highly conducting metal-organic contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-L Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Nayek HP, Massa W, Dehnen S. A Heterometallic, Heterovalent CuI/SnII/IV/S Cluster with an Unprecedented Cu4Sn Core and Stannacyclopentane Units. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:9146-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8013877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Pada Nayek
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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Elhamzaoui H, Jousseaume B, Toupance T, Allouchi H. α,ω-Bis(trialkynyltin) Compounds with a Linear or Cross-Shaped Spacer. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070078p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Elhamzaoui
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5255, ISM, Matériaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique SPOT, EA 3857, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Bernard Jousseaume
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5255, ISM, Matériaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique SPOT, EA 3857, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Thierry Toupance
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5255, ISM, Matériaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique SPOT, EA 3857, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5255, ISM, Matériaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie Physique SPOT, EA 3857, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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Jousseaume B, Riague H, Toupance T, Lahcini M, Mountford P, Tyrrell BR. A General Route to Alkylene-, Arylene-, or Benzylene-Bridged Ditin Hexachlorides and Hexaalkynides. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om0202468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Lahcini
- Département de Chimie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
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Preparation and characterization of five-coordinate iron(II) chelates and their reaction with dioxygen. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50184a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thomas JL. Molybdenocene metallocycles. Alkene and alkyne complexes characterized by spectroscopic and chemical means. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50184a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Connil MF, Jousseaume B, Pereyre M. Direct Access to Unsymmetrical Tin Hydrides through (Hydridodiorganostannio)lithiums. Organometallics 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/om960444x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Connil
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Organométallique, URA 35 CNRS, Université Bordeaux I, 351, cours de la Libération, 33405-Talence Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Jousseaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Organométallique, URA 35 CNRS, Université Bordeaux I, 351, cours de la Libération, 33405-Talence Cedex, France
| | - Michel Pereyre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Organométallique, URA 35 CNRS, Université Bordeaux I, 351, cours de la Libération, 33405-Talence Cedex, France
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Davies AG, Smith PJ. Recent Advances in Organotin Chemistry. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND RADIOCHEMISTRY 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2792(08)60091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Bulten E, Budding H. The reactivity of small-ring monostannacycloalkanes I. The catalytic polymerization of 1,1-dimethyl-1-stannacyclopentane. J Organomet Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)83522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bulten EJ, Budding HA. The unexpected formation of α-adducts in the hydrostannation of trialkylvinyltin compounds. J Organomet Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)98146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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