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Broere DLJ, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Selective Conversion of CO 2 into Isocyanate by Low-Coordinate Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6507-6511. [PMID: 29633494 PMCID: PMC6151862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of the mechanisms for selective transformations of CO2 into organic compounds is a challenge. Herein, we describe the reaction of low-coordinate Fe silylamide complexes with CO2 to give trimethylsilyl isocyanate and the corresponding Fe siloxide complex. Kinetic studies show that this is a two-stage reaction, and the presence of a single equivalent of THF influences the rates of both steps. Isolation of a thermally unstable intermediate provides mechanistic insight that explains both the effect of THF in this reaction, and the way in which the reaction achieves high selectivity for isocyanate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniёl L. J. Broere
- Department of Chemistry,Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry,Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry,Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511 (USA)
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Broere DLJ, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Selective Conversion of CO2into Isocyanate by Low‐Coordinate Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniël L. J. Broere
- Department of ChemistryYale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of ChemistryYale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of ChemistryYale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
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Ramirez A, Truc VC, Lawler M, Ye YK, Wang J, Wang C, Chen S, Laporte T, Liu N, Kolotuchin S, Jones S, Bordawekar S, Tummala S, Waltermire RE, Kronenthal D. The Effect of Additives on the Zinc Carbenoid-Mediated Cyclopropanation of a Dihydropyrrole. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6233-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500966m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Vu Chi Truc
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Michael Lawler
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Yun K. Ye
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Jianji Wang
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Chenchi Wang
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Steven Chen
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Thomas Laporte
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Nian Liu
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Sergei Kolotuchin
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Scott Jones
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Shailendra Bordawekar
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Srinivas Tummala
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - Robert E. Waltermire
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
| | - David Kronenthal
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 0890, United States
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Schmidt S, Schäper R, Schulz S, Bläser D, Wölper C. Insertion Reactions of Heterocumulenes into Zn−C Bonds: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Multinuclear Zinc Amidate Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schmidt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Schäper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
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Haywood J, Wheatley AEH. Hydride encapsulation by molecular alkali-metal clusters. Dalton Trans 2008:3378-97. [DOI: 10.1039/b717563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Williams CK, White AJ. An amido lithium tetra-zinc oxo complex: Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of (μ4-oxo)-pentakis(μ2-diethylamido)-bis(N(ethyl)CHCH2)-lithium-tetrazinc. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brombacher H, Vahrenkamp H. Pyrazolylborate-zinc alkoxide complexes. 1. Basic properties, methylations, and heterocumulene insertions. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:6042-9. [PMID: 15360254 DOI: 10.1021/ic049179v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While a solution of TpPh,MeZn-OH in methanol contains only traces of TpPh,MeZn-OMe, according to the equilibrium constant K = 5.8 x 10(-4), the reactions of TpPh,MeZn-OH with the electronegative alcohols trifluoroethanol and hexafluoro-2-propanol easily yield TpPh,MeZn-OCH2CF3 and TpPh,MeZn-OCH(CF3)2. The extremely hydrolytically sensitive TpPh,MeZn-OR complexes, with R = Me, Et, i-Pr, and CH2CH2F, as well as TpCum,MeZn-OR, with R = Me and i-Pr, are accessible from the Tp*Zn-hydride complexes and the corresponding alcohol. Alkylations with methyl iodide have revealed the high nucleophilicity of TpPh,MeZn-OMe by conversion to dimethyl ether and TpPh,MeZn-I. This conversion occurs rapidly not only with pure TpPh,MeZn-OMe but also with TpPh,MeZn-OH (as such or in the presence of methanol) and with TpPh,MeZn-OCOOMe. A relation of the Tp*Zn-alkoxides to the function of the zinc enzyme alcoholdehydrogenase exists in the reaction of TpPh,MeZn-OCH(CH3)2 with aromatic aldehydes, which yields acetone and the corresponding benzyl oxides TpPh,MeZn-OH2Ar. The heterocumulenes carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, isothiocyanates, and one isocyanate are inserted into the Zn-OR bonds, yielding one alkyl carbonate complex (TpPh,MeZn-OC(O)OMe), two xanthogenate complexes (TpPh,MeZn-SC(S)OR), three iminothiocarbonate complexes (TpPh,MeZn-SC(NR')OR), and one alkyl carbamate complex (TpPh,MeZn-NR-COOMe). All insertion reactions can be described by a common mechanism involving a four-center intermediate in which the most basic heteroatom of the heterocumulene is attached to zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Brombacher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Klappa JJ, Geers SA, Schmidtke SJ, MacManus-Spencer LA, McNeill K. Pyridylpyrrolides as alternatives to cyclometalated phenylpyridine ligands: synthesis and characterization of luminescent zinc and boron pyridylpyrrolide complexes. Dalton Trans 2004:883-91. [PMID: 15252473 DOI: 10.1039/b315523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and properties of six luminescent pyridylpyrrolide complexes and the first structural characterization of pyridylpyrrolide metal complexes are reported. A series of new zinc complexes, bis(pyridylpyrrolyl)zinc, (R2PyrPy)2Zn (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu, and Ph), that vary in their substituents on the pyrrole ring (Me, Et, iPr, tBu, and Ph), were prepared. Pyrrole substitution produced small structural changes in the complexes and affected the fluorescence properties very little. The zinc complexes were found to be luminescent, emitting at 495 nm (Phi = 0.32, 0.32 0.31, 0.19 and 0.57, respectively). A boron analog, (Me2PyrPy)BF2, was prepared and was found to share the luminescent properties with the zinc complexes, emitting at 505 nm (Phi = 0.22), but not their water-sensitivity. A total of four crystal structures are reported, tBu2PyrPyH, (Me2PyrPy)2Zn, (tBu2PyrPy)2Zn, and (Me2PyrPy)BF2. tBu2PyrPyH crystallizes as a doubly hydrogen bonded dimer with non-coplanar pyridine and pyrrole rings. The solid-state structures of (Me2PyrPy)2Zn and (tBu2PyrPy)2Zn revealed that despite the large change in steric bulk, the two compounds have very similar structures. The structure of (Me2PyrPy)BF2 showed changes that are expected with the interaction between a smaller atom (B as compared to Zn). Molecular orbital calculations were performed on Me2PyrPyH, (Me2PyrPy)BF2, and (Me2PyrPy)2Zn using Gaussian 98 methods. It was found that the main transition (HOMO-LUMO) for all three molecules is a pi-->pi* transition and that in the inorganic complexes, the metal atom (zinc or boron) present has very little effect on transition, evidence that the optical properties are largely ligand based and that the B or Zn atom's main effect is lowering of the LUMO relative energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Klappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Van Santvoort FAJJ, Krabbendam H, Spek AL, Boersma J. Synthesis and crystal structure of the tetranuclear organozinc compound diethyltetrazinc hexakis(N-phenylmethylcarbamate).2 benzene. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50180a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lin IJB, Chen HW, Fackler JP. Sulfur chelates. 32. Studies of the solid-state molecular structure and solution structures and dynamics of bis(phosphine) adducts of platinum(II) 1,1-dithiolates. Molecular structures of Pt[S2CN(i-Bu)2]2(PMe2Ph)2, Pt(S2CO)(PPh3)2, and Pt(S2CO)(diphos).14CHCl3. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic50180a043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Malik MA, O'Brien P, Motevalli M, Jones AC. Novel Alkyl(dialkylamido)zinc(II) Compounds: X-ray Single-Crystal Structures of [MeZnNMe(CH2)3NMe2]2, [MeZnNMe(CH2)2NMe2]2, [EtZnNMe(CH2)3NMe2]2, [EtZnNMe(CH2)2NMe2]2, [Me4Zn6O2(MeN(CH2)3NMe2)4], and [Et4Zn6O2(MeN(CH2)2NMe2)4]. Inorg Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9704546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Azad Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K., and Epichem Limited, Power Road, Brombrough, Wirral, Merseyside L62 3QF, U.K
| | - P. O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K., and Epichem Limited, Power Road, Brombrough, Wirral, Merseyside L62 3QF, U.K
| | - M. Motevalli
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K., and Epichem Limited, Power Road, Brombrough, Wirral, Merseyside L62 3QF, U.K
| | - A. C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K., and Epichem Limited, Power Road, Brombrough, Wirral, Merseyside L62 3QF, U.K
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Westerhausen M, Wieneke M, Rademacher BB, Schwarz W. Synthesis and Characterization of Substituted Benzyl Zinc Derivatives - Molecular Structures of (tmeda) Li-CH (GeMe3)Ph, (tmeda)Zn(CH2Ph)2, (tmeda)Zn[CH(SiMe3)Ph]2, and (tmeda)Zn[CH(SiMe3)Ph]N(H)Si(SiMe3)3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19971301024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Wendisch V, Sewald N. Enantioselective copper(I) catalyzed 1,4-addition of diethylzinc to cyclohexenone: asymmetric induction as an unexpected source of structural information. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(97)00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ergozhin E, Mukhitdinova B, Bakirova R, Stefanova O, Rozhdestvenskaya N. Redox polymers based on polyamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0923-1137(92)90266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boersma J, Spek A, Noltes J. Coordination complexes of bis(2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedionato) zinc with organozinc-oxygen and -nitrogen compounds. Crystal structure of the complex formed with phenylzinc phenoxide. J Organomet Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)87880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Yasuda H, Araki T, Tani H. Structure and chemical behavior of an organoaluminum compound [Rb2AlOCR′NPh]2, a stereospecific catalyst for polymerization of acetaldehyde. J Organomet Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)84945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Noltes J, Verbeek F, Overmars H, Boersma J. Investigations on organozinc compounds XIV. Organozinc-catalyzed polymerization of lactones. The interaction between ethylzinc methoxide and (ethylzinc)diphenylamine and β-propiolactone. J Organomet Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)80262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boersma J, Noltes J. Investigations on organozinc compounds XIII. Organozinc-catalyzed polymerization of aldehydes. Preparation and characterization of some catalyst-monomer complexes. J Organomet Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(00)83606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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