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Schwitalla K, Sad F, Schmidtmann M, Beckhaus R. Syntheses, Characterization, and Multifaceted Coordination Chemistry of Hydrazonido Titanium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3165-3172. [PMID: 38279920 PMCID: PMC10865377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of hydrazones with bis(π-η5:σ-η1-pentafulvene)titanium complexes leads to both hydrazonido and hydrazido complexes depending on the interaction of the hydrazone with the fulvene ligand of the metal complex. The molecular structures mostly reveal κ2N,N side-on coordination of the hydrazonido ligand due to the deprotonation of the N-H bond by one of the fulvene moieties. Instead of deprotonation, the reaction of the bis(adamantylidene fulvene)titanium complexes with cinnamon aldehyde phenylhydrazone leads to κ1N coordination. By using donating groups in the backbone of the hydrazone ligands, there are exceptions to this coordination mode due to the insertion of the C═N double bond into the Ti-Cexo bond of the pentafulvene moiety. Using 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde phenylhydrazone, a formal κ3N,N,N ligand system is formed by the coordination of the pyridine nitrogen atom to the metal center via consecutive N-H deprotonation and insertion. Finally, the use of salicylaldehyde phenylhydrazone ultimately produces a complex with the κ3N,N,O coordination mode by double deprotonation of the hydrazone N-H and O-H functions. Because of its slow conversion to the final product, the intermediate was isolated as an insertion product with consecutive O-H deprotonation, showing a κ2N,O coordination mode of the hydrazido ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schwitalla
- Institut Für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Fares Sad
- Institut Für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut Für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Institut Für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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2
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Uhl W, Hentschel A, Kovert D, Kösters J, Layh M. Heterocyclic Digallanates, Encapsulation of Lithium Cations in Organometallic Cages and C–H Bond Activation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, www.uni‐muenster.de/chemie.ac/uhl/index.html
| | - Anne Hentschel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, www.uni‐muenster.de/chemie.ac/uhl/index.html
| | - Dirk Kovert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, www.uni‐muenster.de/chemie.ac/uhl/index.html
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, www.uni‐muenster.de/chemie.ac/uhl/index.html
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, www.uni‐muenster.de/chemie.ac/uhl/index.html
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Uhl W, Layh M, Rezaeirad B. Aluminum, Gallium, and Indium Hydrazides and the Generation of Oligonuclear Element-Nitrogen Cages: Molecular Intermediates on the Way to Element Nitrides. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:12275-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200572q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Uhl W, Abel T, Hagemeier E, Hepp A, Layh M, Rezaeirad B, Luftmann H. Oligonuclear Gallium Nitrogen Cage Compounds: Molecular Intermediates on the Way from Gallium Hydrazides to Gallium Nitride. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:325-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1019839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Abel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elke Hagemeier
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Babak Rezaeirad
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich Luftmann
- Organisch-chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Uhl W, Abel T, Kösters J, Rezaeirad B. Phenylhydrazinverbindungen mit Aluminium und Gallium - von Addukten über zyklische Hydrazide zu Käfigen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200801387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Uhl W, Vogelpohl A. Reactions of Hydrazines with AlH3·NMe2Et - Formation of Aluminum-Nitrogen Heterocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Uhl W, Abel T, Hepp A, Nilges T, Rogel F, Würthwein EU, Ghavtadze N. The Unique Decomposition Behavior of the Dimeric Dialkylaluminum Hydrazide [(Me3C)2Al−N(H)−N(H)−Me]2−Butane versus Ammonia Elimination. Inorg Chem 2008; 48:752-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8016134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Abel
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tom Nilges
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Rogel
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nugzar Ghavtadze
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany, and Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Uhl W, Claesener M, Haddadpour S, Jasper B, Tiesmeyer I, Zemke S. Hydrogallierungsreaktionen mit den Monoalkinen H5C6-C≡C-SiMe3und H5C6-C≡C-CMe3-cis/trans-Isomerie und Substituentenaustausch. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Javed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204‐5003, USA, Fax: +1‐713‐743‐2787
| | - David M. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204‐5003, USA, Fax: +1‐713‐743‐2787
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Uhl W, Abel T, Hepp A, Grimme S, Steinmetz M. Different Reactivity Patterns in the Reactions of the Homologous Trimethylelement Compounds EMe
3
(E = Al, Ga, In) with Methylhydrazine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, Fax: +49‐251‐833660
| | - Thomas Abel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, Fax: +49‐251‐833660
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany, Fax: +49‐251‐833660
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Steinmetz
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Uhl W, Hepp A, Matar M, Vinogradov A. Facile Synthesis of Aluminum-Bridged [3,3,3]Cyclophanes by Hydroalumination. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Uhl W, Claesener M. Hydrogallation of Alkynes with H−GaCl2: Formation of Organoelement Dichlorogallium Compounds Potentially Applicable as Chelating Lewis Acids. Inorg Chem 2007; 47:4463-70. [PMID: 17665906 DOI: 10.1021/ic700767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of trimethylsilylethynylbenzenes C6H6-x(C[TRIPLE BOND]C-SiMe3)x(x=1-3) with the hydridodichlorogallium compound H-GaCl2 afforded, almost quantitatively, the alkenylphenyl compounds C6H6-x[C(H)C(SiMe3)-GaCl2]x[x=1 (6), 2 (7), and 3 (8)] by hydrogallation. Only compound 6 was readily soluble in n-hexane; it formed dimers via Ga-Cl bridges. The bisalkenyl compound 7 was only sparingly soluble; its molecular structure consisted of a singular dimeric formula unit with a cyclophane-type constitution and two bridging Ga 2Cl 2 heterocycles. The overall structure may be described by a molecular box formed by a large macrocycle comprising 22 Ga, C, and Cl atoms. Compound 8 proved to be insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents. Its molecular structure could not be detected. Extraction of the solid raw products of 7 and 8 with diethyl ether yielded small quantities of the ether adducts C6H6-x[C(H)C(SiMe3)-GaCl2(OEt2)]x(x=2, 3) [7(OEt2)2 and 8(OEt2)3], both of which are monomeric because of the coordinative saturation of their gallium atoms. The tetraalkyne 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene gave a different reaction course. Complete hydrogallation resulted in the release of 2 equiv of GaCl3, and neighboring alkenyl groups of the product 9 were connected by GaCl bridges to form seven-membered heterocycles and an overall tricyclic compound. Compound 9 was characterized as a diethyl ether adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische and Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Germany.
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Uhl W, Claesener M, Haddadpour S, Jasper B, Hepp A. The reactions of dialkylgallium hydrides with tert-butylethynylbenzenes—a systematic investigation into the course of hydrogallation reactions. Dalton Trans 2007:417-23. [PMID: 17213926 DOI: 10.1039/b614003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of bis- and tris(tert-butylethynyl)benzenes with dialkylgallium hydrides afforded two different types of products. 1,4-Di(tert-butylethynyl)benzene and dialkylgallium hydrides R(2)GaH bearing relatively small substituents (R = Et, nPr) gave the expected addition products with each C triple bond C triple bond inserted into a Ga-H bond. The intact GaR(2) groups are attached to those carbon atoms which are in alpha-position to the benzene rings, and intermolecular Ga-C interactions led to the formation of one-dimensional coordination polymers. In contrast secondary reactions with the release of the corresponding trialkylgallium derivatives GaR(3) (R = Et, nPr, iPr, CH(2)tBu, tBu) were observed for all hydrogallation reactions involving the trisalkyne 1,3,5-tris(tert-butylethynyl)benzene. A similar reaction was observed upon treatment of the 1,4-bisalkyne with a dialkylgallium hydride bearing a relatively bulky substituent (R = neopentyl). Cyclophane type molecules are formed in all these cases with two or three gallium atoms in the bridging positions between both benzene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Uhl W, Haddadpour S, Matar M. New Aspects of Hydrogallation Reactions with Alkynes: Simple Addition versus Formation of Cyclophanes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050776e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sima Haddadpour
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Madhat Matar
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Timoshkin AY. Group 13 imido metallanes and their heavier analogs [RMYR′]n (M=Al, Ga, In; Y=N, P, As, Sb). Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bond AD. Organic ammonium halides as analogues of main-group amide/imide complexes in the solid state: Extension of ring-laddering and ring-stacking principles. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Uhl W, Breher F, Haddadpour S, Rogel F. New Insight into Hydrogallation Reactions: Facile Synthesis of a Gallium-Bridged [3,3,3]-Cyclophane. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om049152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sima Haddadpour
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Rogel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Cowley AR, Downs AJ, Himmel HJ, Marchant S, Parsons S, Yeoman JA. 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine–gallane, (Me2N)2CN(H)·GaH3: an unusually strongly bound gallane adduct. Dalton Trans 2005:1591-7. [PMID: 15852107 DOI: 10.1039/b501818h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel adduct 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine-gallane, (Me2N)2CN(H).GaH3, has been prepared by the reaction of [(Me2N)2CNH2]+Cl- with LiGaH4 in Et2O solution. Its spectroscopic properties indicate a monomeric species with an unusually strong coordinate link between the imido function and GaH3, an inference confirmed by the crystal structure at 150 K which also reveals significant secondary interactions through non-classical N-H...H-Ga bridges. Despite the intrinsic strength of the Ga-N bond, however, vaporisation at ca. 310 K occurs with partial dissociation, and decomposition via more than one pathway proceeds at temperatures >330-350 K to give a variety of products, including the free base, Me2NH, H2, and a novel gallium-nitrogen compound composed of a Ga4N4 cubane-like core bridged on three edges by -N{C(NMe2)2}GaH2- units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Cowley
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
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