1
|
Hirneise L, Buschmann DA, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Cerium Fluorenyl Complexes Including CC Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hirneise
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis A. Buschmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rae A, Byrne KM, Brown SA, Kennedy AR, Krämer T, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Sigma/pi Bonding Preferences of Solvated Alkali-Metal Cations to Ditopic Arylmethyl Anions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104260. [PMID: 35170823 PMCID: PMC9310864 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arylmethyl anions allow alkali‐metals to bind in a σ‐fashion to the lateral carbanionic centre or a π‐fashion to the aryl ring or in between these extremities, with the trend towards π bonding increasing on descending group 1. Here we review known alkali metal structures of diphenylmethane, fluorene, 2‐benzylpyridine and 4‐benzylpyridine. Next, we synthesise Li, Na, K monomers of these diarylmethyls using polydentate donors PMDETA or Me6TREN to remove competing oligomerizing interactions, studying the effect that two aromatic rings has on negative charge (de)localisation via NMR, X‐ray crystallographic and DFT studies. Diphenylmethyl and fluorenyl anions maintain C(H)−M interactions regardless of alkali‐metal, although the adjacent arene carbons engage in interactions with larger alkali‐metals. Introducing a nitrogen atom into the ring (at the 2‐ or 4‐position) encourages relocalisation of negative charge away from the deprotonated carbon and onto nitrogen. Phenyl(2‐pyridyl)methyl moves from an enamide formation at one extremity (lithium) to an aza‐allyl formation at the other extremity (potassium), while C‐ or N‐coordination modes become energetically viable for Na and K phenyl(4‐pyridyl)methyl complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Rae
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Keelan M Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Scott A Brown
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland.,Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, W23 A3HY, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nifant'ev IE, Ivchenko PV, Vinogradov AA. Heterocycle-fused cyclopentadienyl metal complexes: Heterocene synthesis, structure and catalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Nifant'ev IE, Vinogradov AA, Minyaev ME, Komarov PD, Lyssenko KA, Birin KP, Dyadchenko VP, Ivchenko PV. The structural diversity of heterocycle-fused potassium cyclopentadienides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29195-29204. [PMID: 35528394 PMCID: PMC9071847 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04587b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclopentadienides of d- and f-elements are highly important complexes with undoubted potential for practical applications. Annelation of a heterocyclic fragment with an η5-ring results in substantial improvement of the catalytic properties of these compounds, called "heterocenes"; the investigation of metal coordination with these specific ligands is a highly important problem. We prepared potassium derivatives 5-8 of heterocycle-annelated cyclopentadienes with different structures - derivatives of cyclopenta[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene (1), indeno[2,1-b]indole (2), indeno[1,2-b]indole (3), and indeno[1,2-b]indolizine (4) and studied the crystal and molecular structures of these salts by X-ray diffraction. We found that heterocycle-fused cyclopentadienides demonstrate remarkable diversity in metal-ligand coordination modes and crystal packing, with formation of two-dimensional polymeric (5), linear polymeric (6), tetrameric (7) and monomeric (8) structures. The NMR spectral data and results of DFT modeling indicate an increase in electron density in the cyclopentadienyl fragment, and this effect was found to be larger in the derivative of the new indolizine ligand precursor 4. The results of our study will be used in the design of next-generation catalysts of α-olefin polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Nifant'ev
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 29 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Vinogradov
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 29 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 29 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Pavel D Komarov
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 29 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Lyssenko
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Stremyanny Per. 36 Moscow 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Kirill P Birin
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 31 Moscow 119071 Russian Federation
| | - Viktor P Dyadchenko
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Ivchenko
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Pr. 29 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1-3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The solution structures, stabilities, physical properties, and reactivities of sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) in a variety of coordinating solvents are described. NaDA is stable for months as a solid or as a 1.0 M solution in N,N-dimethylethylamine (DMEA) at -20 °C. A combination of NMR spectroscopic and computational studies show that NaDA is a disolvated symmetric dimer in DMEA, N,N-dimethyl-n-butylamine, and N-methylpyrrolidine. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) readily displaces DMEA, affording a tetrasolvated cyclic dimer at all THF concentrations. Dimethoxyethane (DME) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine quantitatively displace DMEA, affording doubly chelated symmetric dimers. The trifunctional ligands N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and diglyme bind the dimer as bidentate rather than tridentate ligands. Relative rates of solvent decompositions are reported, and rate studies for the decomposition of THF and DME are consistent with monomer-based mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, United States,
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, United States,
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaeni A, Behrens U, Liebing P, Olbrich F, Edelmann FT. Preparative and structural investigation of crown ether adducts of potassium fluorenides. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Spisak SN, Li J, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Papaianina O, Amsharov K, Rybalchenko AV, Goryunkov AA, Petrukhina MA. From Corannulene to Indacenopicene: Effect of Carbon Framework Topology on Aromaticity and Reduction Limits. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexey V. Rybalchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Goryunkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roselló-Merino M, Mansell SM. Synthesis and reactivity of fluorenyl-tethered N-heterocyclic stannylenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:6282-93. [PMID: 26757790 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A fluorenyl (Fl) tethered diamine was synthesised by nucleophilic substitution of (bromoethyl)fluorene with a diisopropylphenyl (Dipp) substituted diamine to give FlC2H4N(H)C2H4N(H)Dipp (1a) in good yield (85%). Lithiation of 1a with n-BuLi proceeded with coordination of the Li cation to the aromatic fluorenide ring (2), and with subsequent equivalents of n-BuLi, the secondary amines were then sequentially deprotonated. A fluorenyl-tethered N-heterocyclic stannylene (NHSn) was synthesised from the reaction of 1a with SnN''2 {N'' = N(SiMe3)2} as a neutral dimeric species (5), and this was deprotonated with LiN'' to give the corresponding dianionic fluorenide-tethered NHSn (6). Reactions of [{Rh(cod)(μ-Cl)}2] with the mono-deprotonated ligand 2 led to the formation of a mixed-donor amide-amine Rh(i) compound (7), whereas reactions with the anionic NHSn 6 led to a Rh-fluorenyl complex of low stability with an uncoordinated pendent NHSn arm, which X-ray crystallography showed to be dimeric in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Roselló-Merino
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Rogachev AY, Clérac R, Petrukhina MA. Supramolecular trap for a transient corannulene trianion. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1954-1961. [PMID: 29899919 PMCID: PMC5966907 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first structural characterization of the transient triply-reduced state of corannulene (C20H10) is accomplished. The X-ray crystallographic study reveals that the C20H10˙3- trianions, generated by corannulene reduction with metallic cesium, form a novel type of supramolecular sandwich-type assembly, [Cs+//(C20H103-)/4Cs+/(C20H103-)//Cs+]. In the product, two triply-charged corannulene decks encapsulate a rectangle of four cesium ions with the external concave bowl cavities being filled by one cesium ion each. The structural investigation is augmented by in-depth theoretical calculations to provide insights into the geometrical features and electronic structure of this unique organometallic self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA 19104 , USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry , Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago , IL 60616 , USA .
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- CNRS , Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP) , Pessac , F-33600 , France.,Université de Bordeaux , Pessac , F-33600 , France
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , State University of New York , Albany , NY 12222 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Group 1 cyclopentadienide/group 1,14-tert-butoxide adducts: Ion exchange and coordination polymer formation. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Zabula AV, Petrukhina MA. Structural Perspective on Aggregation of Alkali Metal Ions with Charged Planar and Curved Carbon π-Surfaces. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407692-1.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
12
|
Popescu AR, Musteti AD, Ferrer-Ugalde A, Viñas C, Núñez R, Teixidor F. Influential Role of Ethereal Solvent on Organolithium Compounds: The Case of Carboranyllithium. Chemistry 2012; 18:3174-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
13
|
Michel R, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Revealing Coordination Patterns in C5-Cyclic Lithium Organics. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reent Michel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zaeni A, Olbrich F, Hrib CG, Edelmann FT. Unsolvated [KFl(SiPh3)] (Fl = fluorenyl): A supramolecular chain structure assembled exclusively through K⋯C–π-bonding. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Deora N, Carlier PR. Computational Studies of Ion-Pair Separation of Benzylic Organolithium Compounds in THF: Importance of Explicit and Implicit Solvation. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1061-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9016452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nipa Deora
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - Paul R. Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zaeni A, Olbrich F, Fischer A, Edelmann FT. Synthesis and structural characterization of (COT)Pr(C13H8CH2CH2OMe)(THF) containing the chelating 9-(2-methoxyethyl)fluorenyl ligand. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Buchalski P, Grabowska I, Kamińska E, Suwińska K. Synthesis and Structures of 9-Nickelafluorenyllithium Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701275u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Buchalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Grabowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kamińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Suwińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland, and Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ly HV, Konu J, Parvez M, Roesler R. Tuning the electronic properties of cyclopentadienyl analogs with CB2N2 frameworks: 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-diaza-3,5-diborolyl ligands and their alkali metal salts. Dalton Trans 2008:3454-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b802930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Fernández I, Martínez-Viviente E, Breher F, Pregosin PS. 7Li, 31P, and 1H pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) diffusion NMR spectroscopy and ion pairing: on the temperature dependence of the ion pairing in Li(CPh3), fluorenyllithium, and Li[N(SiMe3)2] amongst other salts. Chemistry 2006; 11:1495-506. [PMID: 15657962 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
7Li, 31P, and 1H variable-temperature pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) diffusion methods have been used to study ion pairing and aggregation states for a range of lithium salts such as lithium halides, lithium carbanions, and a lithium amide in THF solutions. For trityllithium (2) and fluorenyllithium (9), it is shown that ion pairing is favored at 299 K but the ions are well separated at 155 K. For 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane (13) and lithium hexamethyldisilazane (LiHMDS 16), low-temperature data show that the ions remain together. For the dithio anion 13, a mononuclear species has been established, whereas for the lithium amide 16, the PGSE results allow two different aggregation states to be readily recognized. For the lithium halides LiX (X = Br, Cl, I) in THF, the 7Li PGSE data show that all three salts can be described as well-separated ions at ambient temperature. The solid state structure of trityllithium (2) is described and reveals a solvent-separated ion pair formed by a [Li(thf)4]+ ion and a bare triphenylmethide anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETHZ HCI Hönggerberg 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Scott N, Schareina T, Tok O, Kempe R. Lithium and Potassium Amides of Sterically Demanding Aminopyridines. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|