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Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Novel Ruthenacarboranes Based on nido-[5-Me-7,8-C2B9H10]2− and nido-[5,6-Me2-7,8-C2B9H9]2− Dicarbollide Ligands. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of methyl substituents in the lower belt of dicarbollide ligands on the redox potential of ruthenacarboranes based thereof, as well as the ability of the metallacarboranes obtained to catalyze radical polymerization with atom transfer were studied. For this purpose, a new approach to the synthesis of closo-ruthenacarboranes based on substituted dicarbollide ligands was developed and six new complexes 3,3-(Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2)-3-H-3-Cl-9-Me-12-X-closo-3,1,2-RuC2B9H9, 3,3,8-(Ph2P(CH2)4PPh-μ-(C6H4-o))-3-Cl-9-Me-12-X-closo-3,1,2-RuC2B9H8 and 3,3,4,8-(Ph2P(CH2)4P-μ-(C6H4-o)2)-3-Cl-9-Me-9-X-closo-3,1,2-RuC2B9H7 (X = H, Me) were synthetized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and ESR spectroscopy and MALDI TOF mass-spectrometry. Comparison of the values of the redox potentials of the synthesized ruthenium complexes in 1,2-dichloroethane with the values previously found for the corresponding ruthenacarboranes based on the parent dicarbollide anion showed that the introduction of methyl substituents into the carborane cage led to a decrease in the redox potentials of the complexes, which made them more preferable catalysts for ATRP. Test experiments on the polymerization of MMA showed that the synthesized ruthenacarboranes were effective catalysts for ATRP, the most active being the complex with two methyl groups and two ortho-phenylenecycloboronated fragments.
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McKay D, Macgregor SA, Welch AJ. Isomerisation of nido-[C 2B 10H 12] 2- dianions: unprecedented rearrangements and new structural motifs in carborane cluster chemistry. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3117-3128. [PMID: 29560248 PMCID: PMC5812468 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dianionic nido-[C2B10]2- species are key intermediates in the polyhedral expansion from 12- to 13-vertex carboranes and metallacarboranes, and the isomer adopted by these nido intermediates dictates the isomeric form of the 13-vertex product. Upon reduction and metallation of para-carborane up to five MC2B10 metallacarboranes can be produced (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2007, 46, 6706), the structures of which imply the intermediacy of 1,7-, 3,7-, 4,7-, 7,9- and 7,10-isomers of the nido-[C2B10]2- species. In this paper we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to characterise the reduction of closo-C2B10H12 carboranes and the subsequent isomerisations of the nido-[C2B10H12]2- dianions. Upon reduction para-carborane initially opens to [1,7-nido-C2B10H12]2- (abbreviated to 1,7) and [4,7-nido-C2B10H12]2- (4,7) and isomerisation pathways connecting 1,7 to 7,9, 4,7 to 7,10 and 1,7 to 3,7 have been characterised. For ortho- and meta-carborane the experimental reduction produces 7,9 in both cases and computed pathways for both processes are also defined; with ortho-carborane rearrangement occurs via7,8, whereas with meta-carborane 7,9 is formed directly. The 7,9 isomer is the global minimum nido-structure. The characterisation of these isomerisation processes uncovers intermediates that adopt new structural motifs that we term basket and inverted nido. Basket intermediates feature a two-vertex basket handle bridging the remaining 10 vertices; inverted nido intermediates are related to known nido species, in that they have 5- and 6-membered belts, but where the latter, rather than the former, is capped, leaving a 5-membered open face. These new intermediates exhibit similar stability to the nido species, which is attributed to their relation to the 13-vertex docosahedron through the removal of 5-connected vertices. Isomerisation pathways starting from nido geometries are most often initiated by destabilisation of the cluster through a DSD process causing the 3-connected C7 vertex to move into a 4-connected site and a neighbouring B vertex to become 3-connected. The ensuing rearrangement of the cluster involves processes such as the pivoting of a 4-vertex diamond about its long diagonal, the pivoting of two 3-vertex triangles about a shared vertex and DSD processes. These processes are all ultimately driven by the preference for carbon to occupy low-connected vertices on the open 6-membered face of the resulting nido species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McKay
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1314518031
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1314518031
| | - Alan J Welch
- Institute of Chemical Sciences , School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , EH14 4AS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1314518031
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Vinogradov MM, Zakharova MV, Timofeev SV, Loginov DA, Sivaev IB, Nelyubina YV, Starikova ZA, Bregadze VI, Kudinov AR. The C-substituted charge-compensated dicarbollide [7-SMe2-7,8-C2B9H10]−: Synthesis and room-temperature rearrangement of the iridium complex. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hutton BW, MacIntosh F, Ellis D, Herisse F, Macgregor SA, McKay D, Petrie-Armstrong V, Rosair GM, Perekalin DS, Tricas H, Welch AJ. Unprecedented steric deformation of ortho-carborane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5345-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b810702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alekseev LS, Dolgushin FM, Korlyukov AA, Godovikov IA, Vorontsov EV, Chizhevsky IT. Synthesis of 16-Electron (η3-Cyclooctenyl)metallacarboranes of Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) with the New Sterically Demanding [(4‘-MeC6H4)2C2B9H9]2- Carborane Ligand. Molecular Structures of [3-{(1−3-η3)-C8H13}-1,2-(4‘-MeC6H4)2-3,1,2-pseudocloso-MC2B9H9] (M = Rh, Ir) and [(η6-MeC6H4)Rh(C2B9H9C6H4Me)Rh(η4-C8H12)]2, a Dimeric Byproduct Containing Distorted 13-Vertex {4,9,1,10-Rh2C2B9} Cluster Units. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om0609721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid S. Alekseev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor M. Dolgushin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A. Godovikov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii V. Vorontsov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor T. Chizhevsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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McIntosh RD, Ellis D, Giles BT, Macgregor SA, Rosair GM, Welch AJ. Mapping the pathway of heteroborane isomerisation: Two parallel “1,2→1,7” isomerisations of a crowded molybdacarborane and the isolation of isomerisation intermediates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Safronov AV, Dolgushin FM, Petrovskii PV, Chizhevsky IT. Low-Temperature “1,2 → 1,7” Isomerization of Sterically Crowded Icosahedral closo-((2,3,8-η3):(5,6-η2)- Norbornadien-2-yl)rhodacarborane via the Formation of a Pseudocloso Intermediate. Molecular Structures of [3,3-((2,3,8-η3):(5,6-η2)-C7H7CH2)-1,2-(4‘-MeC6H4)2- 3,1,2-pseudocloso-RhC2B9H9] and 1,2 → 1,7 Isomerized Products. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050125i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Safronov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor M. Dolgushin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V. Petrovskii
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor T. Chizhevsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the RAS, 28 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Robertson S, Garrioch RM, Ellis D, McGrath TD, Hodson BE, Rosair GM, Welch AJ. Towards the mechanism of heteroborane isomerisation: 1,2→1,2 and 1,2→1,7 low-temperature isomerisations from metallations of [5-I-7,8-Ph2-7,8-nido-C2B9H8]2−. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McIntosh R, Ellis D, Gil-Lostes J, Dalby KJ, Rosair GM, Welch AJ. The synthesis and characterisation of 4,1,2-MC2B10 metallacarboranes. Dalton Trans 2005:1842-6. [PMID: 15877156 DOI: 10.1039/b503214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the tethered carborane 1,2-(CH2)3-1,2-closo-C2B10H10 followed by treatment with CoCl2/NaCp, [(p-cymene)RuCl2]2(p-cymene=C6H4MeiPr-1,4), (PMe2Ph)2PtCl2 or (dppe)NiCl2(dppe=Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) affords reasonable yields of the new 13-vertex metallacarboranes 1,2-(CH2)3-4-Cp-4,1,2-closo-CoC2B10H10 (1), 1,2-(CH2)3-4-(p-cymene)-4,1,2-closo-RuC2B10H10 (2), 1,2-(CH2)3-4,4-(PMe2Ph)2-4,1,2-closo-PtC2B10H10 (3) and 1,2-(CH2)3-4,4-(dppe)-4,1,2-closo-NiC2B10H10 (4), respectively. All compounds were characterised spectroscopically and crystallographically. The cobalt and ruthenium species 1 and 2 have Cs symmetry in both solution and the solid state, having henicosahedral cage structures featuring a trapezoidal C1C2B9B5 face. The platinum and nickel compounds 3 and 4 have asymmetric docosahedral cage structures in the crystal (the more so for 4 than for 3) although both appear, by 11B and 31P NMR spectroscopy, to have Cs symmetry in solution. Low-temperature experiments on the more soluble platinacarborane could not freeze out the diamond-trapezium-diamond fluctional process that we assume is operating in solution, and we therefore conclude that this process has a relatively low activation barrier, probably <35 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruaraidh McIntosh
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK EH14 4AS
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Núñez R, Tutusaus O, Teixidor F, Viñas C, Sillanpää R, Kivekäs R. Formation of New η5-Rhodium(III) Complexes from η5-Rh(I) Rhodacarborane-Containing Charge-Compensated Ligands. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om030635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - O. Tutusaus
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - F. Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - C. Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - R. Sillanpää
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - R. Kivekäs
- Institut de Ciència de Materials, CSIC, Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40351, Jyväskylä, Finland, and Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
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