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Han Z, Röhner D, Samedov K, Gates DP. Isolable Phosphaalkenes Bearing 2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl and 2,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl as P-Substituents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14643-14652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Han
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David Röhner
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kerim Samedov
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Walsgrove HT, Dabringhaus P, Patrick BO, Gates DP. Chemical- and light-induced isomerization of the P=C bond of a 1-phosphabutadiene. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Mes*P=C(Si(CH3)3)Br with CH2=CHMgBr in the presence of Pd(0) affords 1-phosphabutadiene Mes*P=C(Si(CH3)3)–CH=CH2 (1) selectively as the Z isomer. Remarkably, treatment of Z-1 with n-BuLi (0.1 equiv.) resulted in quantitative formation of E-1. The exact role of the n-BuLi is unknown; however, it appears to be required to promote the isomerization in the absence of light. The isomerization of Z-1 to E-1 was also mediated by sunlight with the reaction mixture consisting of a ca. 1:9 ratio of Z-1 to E-1. DFT calculations were consistent with the thermodynamic favorability of the isomerization of Z-1 to E-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T.G. Walsgrove
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Philipp Dabringhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Arkhypchuk AI, D'Imperio N, Ott S. Triarylalkenes from the site-selective reductive cross-coupling of benzophenones and aldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6030-6033. [PMID: 31062780 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PhP(Li)TMS converts benzophenones to phosphaalkenes which upon activation under oxidizing, basic conditions react with aromatic aldehydes under the formation of triarylalkenes. The one-pot reaction omits transition metals, proceeds at room temperature and precludes the formation of any homo-coupling products. Systematic substrate variations reveal reactivity patterns that are useful for the identification of ketone/aldehyde combinations that can be coupled in yields up to 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Nicolas D'Imperio
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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D'Imperio N, Arkhypchuk AI, Mai J, Ott S. Triphenylphosphaalkenes in Chemical Equilibria. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D'Imperio
- Department of Chemistry ‐ Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry ‐ Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Juri Mai
- Department of Chemistry ‐ Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry ‐ Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
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Svyaschenko YV, Orthaber A, Ott S. Tuning the Electronic Properties of Acetylenic Fluorenes by Phosphaalkene Incorporation. Chemistry 2016; 22:4247-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurii V. Svyaschenko
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University, Box 523; 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University, Box 523; 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University, Box 523; 75120 Uppsala Sweden
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Miyake H, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N. Synthesis and Properties of 4,5,6-Triphospha[3]radialene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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7
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Miyake H, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N. Synthesis and Properties of 4,5,6-Triphospha[3]radialene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3458-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Lejeune M, Grosshans P, Berclaz T, Sidorenkova H, Besnard C, Pattison P, Geoffroy M. Role of the aromatic bridge on radical ions formation during reduction of diphosphaalkenes. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fischer RC, Power PP. π-Bonding and the Lone Pair Effect in Multiple Bonds Involving Heavier Main Group Elements: Developments in the New Millennium. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3877-923. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100133q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 894] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland C. Fischer
- Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, A-8010, Graz, Austria, and University of California, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Philip P. Power
- Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16/IV, A-8010, Graz, Austria, and University of California, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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Bates JI, Patrick BO, Gates DP. A Lewis acid-mediated synthesis of P-alkyl-substituted phosphaalkenes. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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12
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Preparation and X-ray analyses of siloxane-bridged acyclic and 8-membered cyclic phosphaethenes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Noonan KJT, Patrick BO, Gates DP. Redox-active iron-containing polymers: synthesis and anionic polymerization of a C-ferrocenyl-substituted phosphaalkene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3658-60. [PMID: 17728885 DOI: 10.1039/b704967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition polymerization of a ferrocenyl-substituted P[double bond]C bond leads to new redox-active polymers with functional ferrocene and phosphine moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Wright VA, Patrick BO, Schneider C, Gates DP. Phosphorus Copies of PPV: π-Conjugated Polymers and Molecules Composed of Alternating Phenylene and Phosphaalkene Moieties. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8836-44. [PMID: 16819877 DOI: 10.1021/ja060816l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of pi-conjugated macromolecule, poly(p-phenylenephosphaalkene) (PPP), is reported. PPPs are phosphorus analogues of the important electronic material poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) where P=C rather than C=C bonds space phenylene moieties. Specifically, PPPs [-C(6)R(4)-P=C(OSiMe(3))-C(6)R'(4)-C(OSiMe(3))=P-](n)() (1: R = H, R' = Me; 11: R = Me, R' = H) were synthesized by utilizing the Becker reaction of a bifunctional silylphosphine, 1,4-C(6)R(4)[P(SiMe(3))(2)](2), and diacid chloride 1,4-C(6)R'(4)[COCl](2). Several model compounds for PPP are reported. Namely, mono(phosphaalkene)s R-P=C(OSiMe(3))-R' (4: R = Ph, R' = Mes; 7: R = Mes, R' = Ph), C-centered bis(phosphaalkene)s R-P=C(OSiMe(3))-C(6)R'(4)-C(OSiMe(3))=P-R (5: R = Ph, R' = Me; 8: R = Mes, R' = H), and P-centered bis(phosphaalkene)s R-C(OSiMe(3))=P-C(6)R'(4)-P=C(OSiMe(3))-R (6: R = Mes, R' = H; 10: R = Ph, R' = Me). Remarkably, selective Z-isomer formation (i.e., trans arylene moieties) is observed for PPPs when bulky P-substituents are employed while E/Z-mixtures are otherwise obtained. X-ray crystal structures of Z-7, Z,Z-8, and Z,Z-10 suggest moderate pi-conjugation. The twist angles between the P=C plane and unsubstituted arenes are 16 degrees -26 degrees , while those between the P=C plane and methyl-substituted arenes are 59 degrees -67 degrees . The colored PPPs and their model compounds were studied by UV/vis spectroscopy, and the results are consistent with extended pi-conjugation. Specifically, weakly emissive polymer E/Z-1 (lambda(max) = 338 nm) shows a red shift in its absorbance from model E/Z-4 (lambda(max) = 310 nm), while a much larger red shift is observed for Z-11 (lambda(max) = 394 nm) over Z-7 (lambda(max) = 324 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Yam M, Chong JH, Tsang CW, Patrick BO, Lam AE, Gates DP. Scope and Limitations of the Base-Catalyzed Phospha-Peterson PC Bond-Forming Reaction. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:5225-34. [PMID: 16780348 DOI: 10.1021/ic060236p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphaalkenes (MesP=CRR': R = R' = Ph (1a); R = R' = 4-FC6H4 (1b); R = Ph, R' = 4-FC6H4 (1c); R = R' = 4-OMeC6H4 (1d); R = Ph, R' = 4-OMeC6H4 (1e); R = Ph, R' = 2-pyridyl (1f)) are prepared from the reaction of MesP(SiMe3)2 and O=CRR' in the presence of a trace of KOH or NaOH. The base-catalyzed phospha-Peterson reaction is quantitated by NMR spectroscopy, and isolated yields of phosphaalkene between 40 and 70% are obtained after vacuum distillation and/or recrystallization. The asymmetrically substituted phosphaalkenes (1c, 1e, 1f) form as 1:1 mixtures of E and Z isomers; however, X-ray crystallography reveals that the E isomers crystallize preferentially. Interestingly, E-1e and E-1f readily isomerize in solution in the dark, although the rate of isomerization is much faster when samples are exposed to light. X-ray crystal structures of 1b, E-1e, and E-1f reveal that the P=C bond lengths (average of 1.70 A) are in the long end of the range typically found in phosphaalkenes (1.61-1.71 A). Attempts to prepare isolable P-adamantyl phosphaalkenes following this route were unsuccessful. Although AdP=CPh2 (2a) is detected by 31P NMR spectroscopy, attempts to isolate this species afforded the 1,2-diphosphetane (AdPCPh2)2 (3a), which was characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Yam
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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16
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Gudimetla VB, Rheingold AL, Payton JL, Peng HL, Simpson MC, Protasiewicz JD. Photochemical E−Z Isomerization of meta-Terphenyl-Protected Phosphaalkenes and Structural Characterizations. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:4895-901. [PMID: 16780309 DOI: 10.1021/ic0520521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphaalkenes, E-ArP=C(H)Ar' (Ar = 2,6-Mes2C6H3, Ar' = Ph (1a); Ar = 2,6-Mes2C6H3, Ar' = p-C6H4Br (2a); Ar = 4-Br-2,6-Mes2C6H2, Ar' = Ph (3a); Ar = 4-Br-2,6-Mes2C6H2, Ar' = p-C6H4Br (4a)) have been prepared by phospha-Wittig reactions and characterized. Exposure of these materials either to room light over an extended period of time (days) or to UV light (hours) produced equilibrium mixtures of the E and Z isomers (1b-4b) as indicated by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The structures of compounds 4a and 4b were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Variable-temperature (1)H NMR studies of 4b indicate hindered rotation about the P-CAr bond, with DeltaH(double dagger) = 13.8 kcal/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = 1.3 eu. The electronic structures of E- and Z-PhP=C(H)Ph have been examined using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittal B Gudimetla
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7708, USA
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Smith R, Protasiewicz J. Systematic Investigation of PPV Analogue Oligomers Incorporating Low-Coordinate Phosphorus Centres. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dutan C, Shah S, Smith RC, Choua S, Berclaz T, Geoffroy M, Protasiewicz JD. Sterically Encumbered Diphosphaalkenes and a Bis(diphosphene) as Potential Multiredox-Active Molecular Switches: EPR and DFT Investigations. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:6241-51. [PMID: 14514299 DOI: 10.1021/ic030079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reduction products of two diphosphaalkenes (1 and 2) and a bis(diphosphene) (3) containing sterically encumbered ligands and corresponding to the general formulas Ar-X=Y-Ar'-Y=X-Ar, have been investigated by EPR spectroscopy. Due to steric constraints in these molecules, at least one of the dihedral angles between the CXYC plane and either the Ar plane or the Ar' plane is largely nonzero and, hence, discourages conformations that are optimal for maximal conjugation of P=X (or P=Y) and aromatic pi systems. Comparison of the experimental hyperfine couplings with those calculated by DFT on model systems containing no cumbersome substituents bound to the aromatic rings shows that addition of an electron to the nonplanar neutral systems causes the X=Y-Ar'-Y=X moiety to become planar. In contrast to 1 and 2, 3 can be reduced to relatively stable dianion. Surprisingly the two-electron reduction product of 3 is paramagnetic. Interpretation of its EPR spectra, in the light of DFT calculations on model dianions, shows that in [3](2)(-) the plane of the Ar' ring is perpendicular to the CXYC planes. Due to interplay between steric and electronic preferences, the Ar-X=Y-Ar'-Y=X-Ar array for 3 is therefore dependent upon its redox state and acts as a "molecular switch".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmina Dutan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Ionkin AS, Marshall WJ. 2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylphenyl and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl groups: Look similar, react differently. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wright VA, Gates DP. Poly(p-phenylenephosphaalkene): A π-Conjugated Macromolecule Containing PC Bonds in the Main Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020703)114:13<2495::aid-ange2495>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wright VA, Gates DP. Poly(p-phenylenephosphaalkene): a pi-conjugated macromolecule containing P=C bonds in the main chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2002; 41:2389-92. [PMID: 12203603 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20020703)41:13<2389::aid-anie2389>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Wright
- Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Shah S, Concolino T, Rheingold AL, Protasiewicz JD. Sterically encumbered systems for two low-coordinate phosphorus centers. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:3860-7. [PMID: 11196781 DOI: 10.1021/ic0001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetraarylphenyls of the form 2,3,5,6-Ar4C6 (Ar = p-tert-butylphenyl) are investigated as sterically demanding ligands for the syntheses of compounds having two p-phenylene-bridged phosphorus centers. The precursor to such materials, 1,4-diiodo-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)benzene (1), is readily obtained via a one-pot procedure in 68% yield. Compound 1 is then used to provide the bis(dichlorophosphine) 1,4-bis(dichlorophosphino)-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)benzene (2) and the derived bis(phosphine) 1,4-bis(phosphino)-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(p-tert-butylphenyl)benzene (3) in yields of 56 and 94% respectively. These materials provide access to novel materials containing two low-coordinate phosphorus centers bridged by a sterically encumbered phenylene unit. Compound 2 reacts with benzaldehyde and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde in the presence of excess trimethylphosphine and zinc to produce the new pale yellow crystalline bis(phosphaalkenes) (E,E)-PhC(H)=PAr4C6P=C(H)Ph (4a; 42%) and (E,E)-Ar'C(H)=PAr4C6P=C(H)Ar' (4b; 46%; Ar' = 2,6-dichlorophenyl). The crystal structure of 4a shows a P=C bond length of 1.676(5) A. Compound 2 is also used to provide the unusual red-orange bis(diphosphene) DmpP=PAr4C6P=PDmp (5; 55%; Dmp = 2,6-Mes2C6H3). Compound 5 is structurally characterized, and a P=P bond length of 2.008(2) A is ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7708, USA
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