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Kumar S, Dholakiya BZ, Jangir R. Role of organometallic complexes in olefin polymerization: a review report. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Hong D, Zhu X, Wang S, Wei Y, Zhou S, Huang Z, Zhu S, Wang R, Yue W, Mu X. Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of dinuclear organo-rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes supported by 2-amidate-functionalized indolyl ligands: substituent effects on coordination and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5230-5242. [PMID: 30899927 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00507b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two series of new dinuclear organo-rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes supported by 2-amidate-functionalized indolyl ligands with different haptic modes were synthesized and characterized. The treatment of [RE(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] with 1 equiv. of 2-(2,6-iPr2C6H3NHC[double bond, length as m-dash]O)C8H5NH (H2L1) and 2-(2-tBuC6H4NHC[double bond, length as m-dash]O)C8H5NH (H2L2) in toluene yielded the dinuclear organo-rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes {[η1:(μ2-η1:η1)-L1]RE(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2}2 [RE = Gd (1a), Dy (1b), Y (1c), Er (1d), and Yb (1e)] and {[η1:(μ2-η1:η1):η1-L2]RE(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2}2 [RE = Gd (2a), Dy (2b), Y (2c), Er (2d), and Yb (2e)] in good yields. When [RE(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] were treated with 2 equiv. of H2L1 or H2L2 in THF, the dinuclear organo-rare-earth-metal complexes {(η1:η1-HL)[η1:(μ2-η1:η1):η1-L]RE(THF)}2 (1ca: RE = Y, L = L1; 2ea: RE = Yb, L = L2) were obtained. The complexes could react with small organic molecules such as N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), phenyl isocyanate, N-methylallylamine, phenylacetylene, pyridine, N-phenylimidazole, or 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) to yield a series of new complexes with different reactivity patterns along with the reported rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes. In the presence of cocatalysts, these dinuclear organo-rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes could initiate isoprene polymerization with high activity (100% conversion of 2000 equiv. of isoprene in 12 h), yielding polymers with high regioselectivity (1,4 polymers up to 96.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Hong
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
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Algera RF, Gupta L, Hoepker AC, Liang J, Ma Y, Singh KJ, Collum DB. Lithium Diisopropylamide: Nonequilibrium Kinetics and Lessons Learned about Rate Limitation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4513-4532. [PMID: 28368117 PMCID: PMC6059656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in tetrahydrofuran under nonequilibrium conditions are reviewed. These conditions correspond to a class of substrates in which the rates of LDA aggregation and solvation events are comparable to the rates at which various fleeting intermediates react with substrate. Substrates displaying these reactivities, by coincidence, happen to be those that react at tractable rates on laboratory time scales at -78 °C. In this strange region of nonlimiting behavior, rate-limiting steps are often poorly defined, sometimes involve deaggregation, and at other times include reaction with substrate. Changes in conditions routinely cause shifts in the rate-limiting steps, and autocatalysis is prevalent and can be acute. The studies are described in three distinct portions: (1) methods and strategies used to deconvolute complex reaction pathways, (2) the resulting conclusions about organolithium reaction mechanisms, and (3) perspectives on the concept of rate limitation reinforced by studies of LDA in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C under nonequilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Lekha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Alexander C. Hoepker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Kanwal J. Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
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Kissel AA, Mahrova TV, Lyubov DM, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA, Del Rosal I, Maron L. Metallacyclic yttrium alkyl and hydrido complexes: synthesis, structures and catalytic activity in intermolecular olefin hydrophosphination and hydroamination. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12137-48. [PMID: 25710900 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metallacyclic neutral and ionic yttrium alkyl complexes coordinated by a dianionic ene-diamido ligand ([2,6-iPr2C6H3NC(Me)=C(Me)NC6H3iPr2-2,6] = L(1)) [L(1)]Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)2 (2), {[L(1)]Y(CH2SiMe3)2}(-){Li(THF)4}(+) (3), [L(1)]Y(OEt2)(μ-Me)2Li(TMEDA) (4) were synthesized using a salt-metathesis approach starting from the related chloro complex [L(1)]Y(THF)2(μ-Cl)2Li(THF)2 (1) in 70, 85 and 72% yields respectively. The reactions of 2 with H2 or PhSiH3 afford the dimeric hydride {[L(1)]Y(THF)(μ-H)}2(μ-THF) (5) containing two μ-bridging hydrido and one μ-bridging THF ligands (91 and 85% yields). The X-ray studies of complexes 2, 3 and 5 revealed η(2)-coordination of the C=C fragment of an ene-diamido ligand to a Y cation. DFT calculations were carried out to give an insight into the metal-ligand bonding and especially the interaction between the metal and the ene-diamido ligand. The observed bonding of the ene-diamido fragment is found to reflect the acidity of the metal center in the complex that is partially overcome by a better donation from the double bond (better overlap with an empty d orbital at the yttrium center). The treatment of complex 4 with DME resulted in the C-O bond cleavage of DME and afforded a three nuclear methoxide oxide complex [{[L(1)]Y}3(μ(2)-OMe)3(μ(3)-O)](2-)[Li(DME)3](+)2 (6). Complexes 2, 3, 5 and 7 proved to be efficient precatalysts for the intermolecular hydrophosphination of styrene, 4-vinylpyridine, and 1-nonene with PhPH2 and Ph2PH as well as hydroamination of styrene and pyrrolidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Kissel
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, GSP-445, Russia.
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5
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Hu X, Lu C, Wu B, Ding H, Zhao B, Yao Y, Shen Q. Synthesis and structural diversity of lanthanide amidate complexes and their catalytic activities for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Gupta L, Hoepker AC, Ma Y, Viciu MS, Faggin MF, Collum DB. Lithium diisopropylamide-mediated ortholithiation of 2-fluoropyridines: rates, mechanisms, and the role of autocatalysis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4214-30. [PMID: 23270408 DOI: 10.1021/jo302408r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)-mediated ortholithiations of 2-fluoropyridine and 2,6-difluoropyridine in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C were studied using a combination of IR and NMR spectroscopic and computational methods. Rate studies show that a substrate-assisted deaggregation of LDA dimer occurs parallel to an unprecedented tetramer-based pathway. Standard and competitive isotope effects confirm post-rate-limiting proton transfer. Autocatalysis stems from ArLi-catalyzed deaggregation of LDA proceeding via 2:2 LDA-ArLi mixed tetramers. A hypersensitivity of the ortholithiation rates to traces of LiCl derives from LiCl-catalyzed LDA dimer-monomer exchange and a subsequent monomer-based ortholithiation. Fleeting 2:2 LDA-LiCl mixed tetramers are suggested to be key intermediates. The mechanisms of both the uncatalyzed and catalyzed deaggregations are discussed. A general mechanistic paradigm is delineated to explain a number of seemingly disparate LDA-mediated reactions, all of which occur in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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Thomson RK, Monreal MJ, Masuda JD, Scott BL, Kiplinger JL. Lutetium gets a crown: Synthesis, structure and reaction chemistry of the separated ion pair complex, [Li(12-crown-4)2][(C5Me5)2LuMe2]. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Hoepker AC, Gupta L, Ma Y, Faggin MF, Collum DB. Regioselective lithium diisopropylamide-mediated ortholithiation of 1-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene: role of autocatalysis, lithium chloride catalysis, and reversibility. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:7135-51. [PMID: 21500823 PMCID: PMC3102585 DOI: 10.1021/ja200906z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ortholithiation of 1-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C displays characteristics of reactions in which aggregation events are rate limiting. Metalation with lithium-chloride-free LDA involves a rate-limiting deaggregation via dimer-based transition structures. The post-rate-limiting proton transfers are suggested to involve highly solvated triple ions. Autocatalysis by the resulting aryllithiums or catalysis by traces (<100 ppm) of LiCl diverts the reaction through di- and trisolvated monomer-based pathways for metalation at the 2 and 6 positions, respectively. The regiochemistry is dictated by a combination of kinetically controlled metalations overlaid by an equilibration involving diisopropylamine that is shown to occur by the microscopic reverse of the monomer-based metalations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Hoepker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Lekha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - Marc F. Faggin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301
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Trambitas A, Panda T, Tamm M. Rare Earth Metal Complexes Supported by Ancillary Imidazolin-2-iminato Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Zhang J, Zhou X. Recent advances in reaction of organolanthanides containing the N−H bonds with unsaturated organic small molecules. CR CHIM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Zhang Z, Bu X, Zhang J, Liu R, Zhou X, Weng L. Insertion of Ketenimines into the Ln−C σ-Bond of Organolanthanides: A New Strategy for Synthesis of Lanthanide 1-Azaallyl Complexes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Bu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhong Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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Trambitas AG, Panda TK, Jenter J, Roesky PW, Daniliuc C, Hrib CG, Jones PG, Tamm M. Rare-Earth Metal Alkyl, Amido, and Cyclopentadienyl Complexes Supported by Imidazolin-2-iminato Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalytic Application. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:2435-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9024052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G. Trambitas
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jelena Jenter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Hrib
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li X, Weng L, Zhou X. Isocyanate diinsertion into the N-H bond of the 2-pyridylamino ligand of organolanthanides. Dalton Trans 2010:221-6. [PMID: 20023953 DOI: 10.1039/b918181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[Cp2LnNHPy]2 (Py = 2-pyridyl) (1a-e) react with phenyl isocyanate to form the N-H diinsertion products Cp2Ln[eta2:eta1-PyNCON(Ph)CONHPh](THF) (Ln = Yb (3a), Er (3b), Y (3c), Dy (3d), Gd (3e)). It has been proven that nPr2NH can abstract one PhNCO unit from 3c to form Cp2Y[eta3-OC(NHPh)NPy] (2c) and nPr2NHCONHPh (4), representing a rare example of selective release of a functional group of ligands in organolanthanide chemistry. Hydrolysis of 2c gives the organic nitrogen-containing product PyNHCONHPh (5). Moreover, 3c can also be obtained by the reaction of 2c with PhNCO. These results demonstrate that the diinsertion of PhN=C=O into the N-H bond of coordinated amino ligands might proceed in a stepwise manner. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic properties. The structures of compounds 3a-e and 4 are also determined through X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li X, Weng L, Zhou X. Lanthanide-Induced Diinsertion of Isocyanates into the N−H Bond: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Organolanthanides Containing Diureido Ligands. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900631j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Masuda JD, Jantunen KC, Scott BL, Kiplinger JL. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of the Thermally Stable Lutetium Tris(alkyl) Complex (tBu2bpy)Lu(CH2SiMe3)3. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Masuda
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | | | - Brian L. Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
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16
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Trifonov AA. Non-metallocene rare-earth organometallic derivatives: synthesis, structure and application in the catalysis of transformations of unsaturated substrates. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2007v076n11abeh003693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Gamer MT, Roesky PW, Palard I, Le Hellaye M, Guillaume SM. In Situ Formation of Bis(phosphinimino)methanide Rare Earth Alkoxide Initiators for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om0608307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Gamer
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS-ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS-ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Palard
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS-ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Maude Le Hellaye
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS-ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Sophie M. Guillaume
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), CNRS-ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux 1, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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Elvidge BR, Arndt S, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Synthesis, structure and hydrosilylation activity of neutral and cationic rare-earth metal silanolate complexes. Dalton Trans 2006:890-901. [PMID: 16462949 DOI: 10.1039/b512285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth metal alkyl tri(tert-butoxy)silanolate complexes [Ln{mu,eta2-OSi(O(t)Bu)3}(CH2SiMe3)2]2 (Ln = Y (1), Tb (2), Lu (3)) were prepared via protonolysis of the appropriate tris(alkyl) complex [Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2] with tri(tert-butoxy)silanol in pentane. Crystal structure analysis revealed a dinuclear structure for with square pyramidal geometry at the yttrium centre. The silanolate ligand coordinates in an eta2-bridging coordination mode giving a 4-rung truncated ladder and non-crystallographic inversion centre. Addition of two equiv. of 12-crown-4 to a pentane solution of 1 or 3 respectively gave [Ln{OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(CH2SiMe3)2(12-crown-4)].12-crown-4 (Ln = Y (4), Lu (5)). Crystal structure analysis of 5 showed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry at the lutetium centre. The silanolate ligand adopts an eta(1)-terminal coordination mode, whilst the crown ether unit coordinates in an unusual kappa3-fashion. Reaction of 1-3 with [NEt3H]+[BPh4]- in thf yielded the cationic derivatives [Ln{OSi(O(t)Bu)3}(CH2SiMe3)(thf)4]+[BPh4]- (Ln = Y (6), Tb (7) and Lu (8)); coordination of crown ether led to compounds of the form [Ln{OSi(O(t)Bu)3}(CH2SiMe3)(L)(thf)n]+[BPh4]- (Ln = Y, Lu, L = 12-crown-4, n = 1 (9,10); Ln = Y, Lu, L = 15-crown-5, n = 0 (11,12)). Reaction of 1 with [NMe2PhH]+[B(C6F5)4]-, [Al(CH2SiMe3)3] or BPh3 in thf gave the ion pairs [Y{OSi(O(t)Bu)3}(CH2SiMe3)(thf)4]+[A]- ([A]- = [B(C6F5)4]- (13), [Al(CH2SiMe3)4]- (14), [BPh3(CH2SiMe3)]- (15)), whilst two equiv. [NMe2PhH]+[BPh4]- with 1 in thf produced the dicationic ion triple [Y{OSi(O(t)Bu)3}(thf)6]2+[BPh4]-2 (16). Crystal structure analysis revealed that 16 is mononuclear with pentagonal bipyramidal geometry at the yttrium centre. The silanolate ligand coordinates in an eta(1)-terminal fashion. All diamagnetic compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. 1, 3, 4, 6 and 13 were tested as olefin hydrosilylation pre-catalysts with a variety of substrates; 1 was found to be highly active in 1-decene hydrosilylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Elvidge
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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Deacon GB, Fallon GD, Forsyth CM, Harris SC, Junk PC, Skelton BW, White AH. Manipulation of reaction pathways in redox transmetallation-ligand exchange syntheses of lanthanoid(II)/(III) aryloxide complexes. Dalton Trans 2005:802-12. [PMID: 16437175 DOI: 10.1039/b511609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox transmetallation/ligand exchange reactions of lanthanoid metals (Ln), Hg(C6F5)2 and HOAr(OMe) (Ar(OMe) = C6H2-2,6-Bu(t)-4-OMe), in thf (tetrahydrofuran) gave, for Ln = Yb, [Yb(OAr(OMe))2(thf)3], and for Ln = Sm, a mixture of [Sm(II)(OAr(OMe))2(thf)3] and mainly [Sm(III)(Ar(OMe))3(thf)] x thf. X-Ray structure determinations show the divalent complexes to have distorted square-pyramidal stereochemistry with transoid thf and OAr(OMe) ligands in the basal plane. Treatment of [Yb(OAr(OMe))2(thf)3] with diethyl ether or PhMe at room temperature gave [Yb(OAr(OMe))2] or [Yb(OAr(OMe))2] x 0.5 PhMe. For lanthanoids Ln = Nd, Er or Y, the reactions with Hg(C6F5)2 and HOAr(OMe) yielded complex product mixtures, from one of which the novel erbium aryloxide fluoride cage [Er3(OAr(OMe))4(mu2-F)3(mu3-F)2(thf)4] x thf x 0.5 C6H14 was isolated. The cage core consists of a triangle of Er atoms joined to two mu3-fluoride ligands and three further mu2-fluorides bridge adjacent Er atoms. One of the Er atoms is six-coordinate with additionally two OAr(OMe) ligands whilst the other two have one OAr(OMe) and two thf ligands and are seven coordinate. Substitution of Hg(C6F5)2 by Hg(CCPh)2 in the redox transmetallation/ligand exchange reactions gave the new derivatives [Ln(OAr(OMe))3(thf)] x thf (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ho) in good yields whilst Ln = Yb gave [Yb(OAr(OMe))2(thf)3]. Recrystallisation of [Sm(OAr(OMe))3(thf)] x thf from dme (1,2-dimethoxyethane) yielded [Sm(OAr(OMe))3(dme)]. Structural characterisation of [Ln(OAr(OMe))3(thf)] x thf (Ln = Nd, Ho) and [Sm(OAr(OMe))3(dme)] showed monomeric four-coordinate distorted tetrahedral and five-coordinate distorted square-pyramidal complexes respectively. For the smaller lanthanoids Ln = Y, Er or Lu, reactions with Hg(CCPh)2 and HOAr(OMe) gave the mixed aryloxide/alkynide complexes [Ln(OAr(OMe))2(CCPh)(thf)2]. Oxidation of the divalent ytterbium aryloxide [Yb(OAr(OMe))2(thf)3] by Hg(CCPh)2 in thf gave the analogous [Yb(OAr(OMe))2(CCPh)(thf)2]. The erbium alkynide [Er(OAr(OMe))2(CCPh)(thf)2] x 0.25 C6H14 has distorted square-pyramidal stereochemistry with transoid OAr(OMe) and thf ligands in the basal plane and a rare (for Ln) terminal alkynide ligand in the apical position. The reactive Lu-C bond in the [Lu(OAr(OMe))2(CCPh)(thf)2] complexes could be slowly cleaved by free HOAr(OMe) in hydrocarbon solvents, yielding Lu(OAr(OMe))3 species and fortuitous partial hydrolysis of [Er(Ar(OMe))2(CCPh)(thf)2] gave the dimeric [Er(OAr(OMe))2(mu-OH)2]2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen B Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.
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Li Y, Pi C, Zhang J, Zhou X, Chen Z, Weng L. Facile Transformations of Lanthanocene Alkyls to Lanthanocene Thiolate, Sulfide, and Disulfide Derivatives by Reaction with Elemental Sulfur. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om0490132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengfu Pi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Hsieh KC, Lee WY, Lai CL, Hu CH, Lee HM, Huang JH, Peng SM, Lee GH. Insertion reactions of phenyl isocyanate into hafnium nitrogen bonds: synthesis and reactivity of hafnium complexes bearing substituted pyrrolyl ligands. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gromada J, Carpentier JF, Mortreux A. Group 3 metal catalysts for ethylene and α-olefin polymerization. Coord Chem Rev 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bickley JF, Copsey MC, Jeffery JC, Leedham AP, Russell CA, Stalke D, Steiner A, Stey T, Zacchini S. From the tetra(amino) phosphonium cation, [P(NHPh)4]+, to the tetra(imino) phosphate trianion, [P(NPh)4]3−, two-faced ligands that bind anions and cations. Dalton Trans 2004:989-95. [PMID: 15252677 DOI: 10.1039/b400798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tetraanilino phosphonium cation, [P(N(H)Ph)4]+, 1+, is sequentially deprotonated by Bu(n)Li in thf. The deprotonation reaction of the chloride derivative, Cl, was monitored by (31)P NMR, which revealed the successive formation of the neutral [P(N(H)Ph)3(NPh)], 2, the monoanionic [P(N(H)Ph)2(NPh)2]-, 3-, the dianionic [P(N(H)Ph)(NPh)3]2-, 4(2-), and finally the trianionic species [P(NPh)(4)](3-), (3-). Considering the isoelectronic relationship of oxo, =O, and imino groups, =NR, as well as hydroxy, -OH, and amino groups, -N(H)R, the neutral complex corresponds to phosphoric acid, H3PO4, whereas the anions 3-, 4(2-) and 5(3-) are analogues of dihydrogen phosphate, H2PO4-, monohydrogenphosphate, HPO4(2-), and orthophosphate ions, PO4(3-), respectively. Solid state structures were obtained of 1Cl, 2LiCl(thf)(2), 3Li(thf)(3.5), 3Li(2)Cl(thf)(4.25), 3Li(2)Cl(thf)(6) and 5Li(4)Cl(thf)(4). All systems provide two separate N-P-N chelation sites at opposite ligand faces, either consisting of the di(amino) arrangement P(NH)(2), acting as a double H-bond donor, the di(imino) arrangement PN(2), donating two electron pairs, or the mixed amino imino arrangement P(N)(NH), which supplies both electron pair and H-donor site. Interesting in this aspect is the mixed amino imino derivative 3- which has the ability to chelate a Lewis acid, such as a metal ion, at one face and a Lewis base, such as an anionic or neutral donor at the opposite ligand face. The formation of 1-D aggregates and the entrapment of lithium chloride are key characteristics of the supramolecular structures of the discussed complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Bickley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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Natrajan LS, Hall JJ, Blake AJ, Wilson C, Arnold PL. Sulfur-bridged phenoxide and naphthyloxide-based ligands for lanthanide chemistry and catalysis. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-4596(02)00197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhou XG, Zhang LX, Zhang CM, Zhang J, Zhu M, Cai RF, Huang ZE, Huang ZX, Wu QJ. Synthesis, structure and reactivity of tert-butyldimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl lanthanide chlorides, including crystal structures of [(C5H4SiMe2But)2Gd(μ-Cl)]2 and (C5H4SiMe2But)2Er(SBT)(THF). J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Edelmann FT, Freckmann DMM, Schumann H. Synthesis and structural chemistry of non-cyclopentadienyl organolanthanide complexes. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1851-96. [PMID: 12059256 DOI: 10.1021/cr010315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Edelmann
- Chemisches Institut, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Homogeneous and heterogeneous alkyl-alkoxo-lanthanide type catalysts for polymerization and block-copolymerization of ethylene and methyl methacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(01)00507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arnold PL, Natrajan LS, Hall JJ, Bird SJ, Wilson C. Symmetric and asymmetric samarium alkoxide derivatives of bridging sulfur biphenolate and binaphtholate ligands; synthetic, structural, and catalytic studies. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang J, Ruan, Shao, Cai, Weng, Zhou. Insertion of Carbodiimide into the Ln−C σ-Bond of Organolanthanide Complexes. Synthesis, Reaction, and Characterization of Organolanthanide Amidinates (C5H5)2Ln[tBuNC(nBu)NtBu] (Ln = Er, Gd, Y). Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om0109859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruan
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Zhou XG, Zhang LB, Zhu M, Cai RF, Weng LH, Huang ZX, Wu QJ. Insertion Reaction of Phenyl Isocyanate into the Ln−C σ-Bond of Organolanthanide Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of {(C5H4CH3)2Ln[μ-η1:η3-OC(R)NPh]}2 (Ln = Sm, Dy, Er, Ho; R = n-butyl, α-naphthyl). Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010346y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hultzsch KC, Voth P, Beckerle K, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Single-Component Polymerization Catalysts for Ethylene and Styrene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Alkyl and Hydrido Yttrium Complexes Containing a Linked Amido−Cyclopentadienyl Ligand. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om990583p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai C. Hultzsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Voth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Beckerle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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