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Ferrier RC, Kumbhar G, Crum-Dacon S, Lynd NA. A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12390-12410. [PMID: 37753731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyethers and polythioethers have a long and storied history dating back to the start of polymer science as a distinct field. As such, these materials have been utilized in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental studies. The breadth of their material properties and the contexts in which they are applied is ultimately owed to their diverse monomer pre-cursors, epoxides and thiiranes, respectively. The facile polymerization of these monomers, both historically and contemporaneously, across academia and industry, has occurred through the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts and/or initiators. Despite this, polymerization methods for these monomers are underutilized compared to other monomer classes like cyclic olefins, vinyls, and (meth)acrylates. We feel a focused review that clearly outlines the benefits and shortcomings of extant synthetic methods for poly(thio)ethers along with their proposed mechanisms and quirks will help facilitate the utilization of these methods and by extension the unique polymer materials they create. Therefore, this Feature Article briefly describes the applications of poly(thio)ethers before discussing the feature-set of each poly(thio)ether synthetic method and qualitatively scoring them on relevant metrics (e.g., ease-of-use, molecular weight control, etc.) to help would-be poly(thio)ether-makers find an appropriate synthetic approach. The article is concluded with a look ahead at the future of poly(thio)ether synthesis with Earth-abundant metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ferrier
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Gouree Kumbhar
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Shaylynn Crum-Dacon
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas-Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Austin, TX, USA
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2
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Bidentate and Tridentate Coordination Modes of Bis(3-methylindolyl)-2-(1-methylimidazolyl)methane in Complexes of Aluminum and Gallium. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Shukla G, Ferrier RC. The versatile, functional polyether, polyepichlorohydrin: History, synthesis, and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Shukla
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Robert C. Ferrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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4
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Inoue M, Kanazawa A, Aoshima S. Living Cationic Ring-Opening Homo- and Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide by “Dormant” Species Generation Using Cyclic Ethers as Lewis Basic Additives. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Inoue
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Arihiro Kanazawa
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Sadahito Aoshima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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5
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Yang G, Zhang Y, Xie R, Wu G. High‐Activity Organocatalysts for Polyether Synthesis via Intramolecular Ammonium Cation Assisted S
N
2 Ring‐Opening Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan‐Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yao‐Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Guang‐Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
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6
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Yang G, Zhang Y, Xie R, Wu G. High‐Activity Organocatalysts for Polyether Synthesis via Intramolecular Ammonium Cation Assisted S
N
2 Ring‐Opening Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16910-16917. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan‐Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yao‐Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Guang‐Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Zhe Da Road 38 Hangzhou 310027 China
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Solórzano C, Méndez FJ, Brito JL, Silva P, Anacona JR, Bastardo-González E. Heterogenization of Co(II)- and Cu(II)-complexes containing a terpyridine-based Schiff base macrocyclic ligand on thiol-functionalized mesostructured silica. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Deng M, Guo F, Li Y, Hou Z. Synthesis of alkynyl-functionalized linear and star polyethers by aluminium-catalyzed copolymerization of glycidyl 3-butynyl ether with epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01829d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of alkynyl-functional linear and star polyethers were prepared by the copolymerization of glycidyl 3-butynyl ether, ethylene oxide and epichlorohydrin catalyzed by i-Bu3Al/H3PO4/DBU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
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Bidentate and tridentate coordination modes of bis(3-methylindolyl)-2-pyridylmethane in complexes of aluminum and gallium: Structural characterization of bridging N-indolide in a dialuminum complex. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Deng M, Guo F, Liao D, Hou Z, Li Y. Aluminium-catalyzed terpolymerization of furfuryl glycidyl ether with epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide: synthesis of thermoreversible polyepichlorohydrin elastomers with furan/maleimide covalent crosslinks. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of well-designed thermoreversible polyepichlorohydrin elastomers with furan/maleimide covalent crosslinks possessed excellent mechanical, self-healing ability and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
| | - Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
| | - Daohong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
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11
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Rodriguez CG, Ferrier RC, Helenic A, Lynd NA. Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides: Facile Pathway to Functional Polyethers via a Versatile Organoaluminum Initiator. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina G. Rodriguez
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Robert C. Ferrier
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alysha Helenic
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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12
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Gianopoulos CG, Kumar N, Zhao Y, Jia L, Kirschbaum K, Mason MR. Aluminum alkoxide, amide and halide complexes supported by a bulky dipyrromethene ligand: synthesis, characterization, and preliminary ε-caprolactone polymerization activity. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13787-97. [PMID: 27484717 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum halide, alkoxide and amide complexes 2-6 of the form (N,N)AlX2-nYn (n = 0, 1 and (N,N) = 1,9-dimesityl-5-phenyldipyrromethene (1)) were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The in situ generated lithium salt of dipyrromethene 1 was reacted with AlX3 to afford aluminum halide complexes (N,N)AlX2 (X = Cl (2), I (3)) which were isolated as dichroic crystals. Salt metathesis reactions were employed to produce alkoxide complexes (N,N)Al(Cl)(O(t)Bu) (4) and (N,N)Al(O(t)Bu)2 (5) from compound 2. The dimethylamide complex (N,N)Al(NMe2)2 (6) was prepared by reaction of dipyrromethene 1 with [Al(NMe2)3]2. Crystallographic data revealed that the dipyrromethene is non-planar when bulky coligands are present as in compounds 3-6, while in the dichloride complex 2 the dipyrromethene is planar. Halide complexes 2 and 3 reacted with adventitious moisture in toluene to afford crystalline acid-base adducts (N,N)H·HX, (X = Cl (7), I (8)), which adopted structures reminiscent of anion receptors. Alkoxide and dimethylamide complexes 5 and 6 were also applied as precatalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and preliminary results are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Gianopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606-3390, USA.
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Isnard F, Lamberti M, Lettieri L, D'auria I, Press K, Troiano R, Mazzeo M. Bimetallic salen aluminum complexes: cooperation between reactive centers in the ring-opening polymerization of lactides and epoxides. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:16001-16010. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02592g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In dinuclear aluminum complexes, opportunely designed to have proximal coordinative pockets, the communication between the two reactive centers allows enhanced catalytic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Isnard
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno
- I-84084
- 132 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Marina Lamberti
- Department of Physics “E. Caianiello” University of Salerno
- I-84084
- 132 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Luana Lettieri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno
- I-84084
- 132 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Ilaria D'auria
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno
- I-84084
- 132 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Konstantin Press
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Ramat Aviv
- Tel Aviv 69978
| | - Rubina Troiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno
- I-84084
- 132 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli” University of Salerno
- I-84084
- 132 Fisciano
- Italy
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Abu-Dief AM, Mohamed IMA. A review on versatile applications of transition metal complexes incorporating Schiff bases. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015; 4:119-133. [PMID: 32289037 PMCID: PMC7104041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schiff bases and their complexes are versatile compounds synthesized from the condensation of an amino compound with carbonyl compounds and widely used for industrial purposes and also exhibit a broad range of biological activities including antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antipyretic properties. Many Schiff base complexes show excellent catalytic activity in various reactions and in the presence of moisture. Over the past few years, there have been many reports on their applications in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The high thermal and moisture stabilities of many Schiff base complexes were useful attributes for their application as catalysts in reactions involving at high temperatures. The activity is usually increased by complexation therefore to understand the properties of both ligands and metal can lead to the synthesis of highly active compounds. The influence of certain metals on the biological activity of these compounds and their intrinsic chemical interest as multidentate ligands has prompted a considerable increase in the study of their coordination behaviour. Development of a new chemotherapeutic Schiff bases and their metal complexes is now attracting the attention of medicinal chemists. This review compiles examples of the most promising applied Schiff bases and their complexes in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu-Dief
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Departamento de Quimica Organica e Inorganica, Faculad de Quimica, Universdad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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16
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Mason MR, Perkins AM, Ponomarova VV, Vij A. Acac-Promoted Rearrangement of an Alkylaluminophosphonate Tetramer to a Decamer. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010432y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, and Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844
| | - Alisa M. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, and Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844
| | - Vira V. Ponomarova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, and Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844
| | - Ashwani Vij
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, and Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844
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