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Thakare SB, Jamale TE, Memon SS. Acquired disorders of phosphaturia: Beyond tumor-induced osteomalacia. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 38:101839. [PMID: 38007379 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is an integral part of human cellular structure and function. Though most recognised disorders of phosphaturia are genetic in origin, phosphate loss due to acquired conditions is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Acquired hypophosphatemia is most commonly due to renal phosphate wasting and can produce significant morbidity. It also heralds future kidney damage, and continued exposure can lead to progressive kidney injury and potentially renal failure. These conditions are a diverse group of disorders with common shared mechanisms causing loss of phosphate in the urine. Renal phosphate loss can occur as an isolated entity or as a part of generalised proximal tubular dysfunction, i.e., Fanconi's syndrome. An insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of acquired phosphaturia can help clinicians monitor their patients better and avoid potential harms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saba S Memon
- Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
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Wang M, Chen X, Zhang R, Zhao J, Yang C, Wu L. Developmental toxicity and transcriptome analysis of 4-epianhydrotetracycline to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139227. [PMID: 32450397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a primary degradation by-product of tetracycline (TC), 4-Epianhydrotetracycline (4-EATC) has been detected frequently in the aquatic environment, which may pose a potential environmental risk to aquatic organisms. Up to now, however, the toxicology study on 4-EATC to aquatic organisms is limited. In the present study, in order to better understand the toxic mechanism of 4-EATC, developmental toxicity including lethal and sublethal effects of 4-EATC and TC were investigated. The results showed that the developmental toxicity of 4-EATC to zebrafish embryos was stronger than that of TC. The 96 h LC50 value of 4-EATC to zebrafish embryos was 29.13 mg/L. Malformations seemed to be the most sensitive sublethal endpoint of 4-EATC exposure, and the 96 h EC50 value was 8.57 mg/L. Transcriptome response of 4-EATC to zebrafish embryos was determined. The results showed that 430 different expression genes (DEGs) caused by 4-EATC, and most enriched in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism pathway. Annotation of DEGs in the TRP metabolism demonstrated that expression of 4 gene products in tryptophan metabolized along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway were changed. Disorder of TRP catabolism in KYN pathway was a potential mechanism of 4-EATC toxicity to zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Run Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Changming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Lin Y, Pan F, Wang Y, Chen Z, Lin C, Yao L, Zhang X, Zhou R, Pan C. Adefovir dipivoxil-induced Fanconi syndrome and its predictive factors: A study of 28 cases. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:307-314. [PMID: 28123560 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify monitoring and prevention measures as well as predictive factors for early detection of renal toxicity associated with long-term administration of adefovir dipivoxil in order to avoid progression to Fanconi syndrome. Clinical data of 28 patients with Fanconi syndrome caused by long-term administration of adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were collected pre-and post-administration for analysis. Patients presented with fatigue, progressive systemic pain in multiple bones and joints, as well as difficulty in walking and pathological fractures in a number of severe cases. Laboratory examinations revealed hypophosphatemia, elevated serum cystatin C (Cys-C), elevated serum creatinine (SCr), reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), positive urinary protein, erythrocytes and glucose, as well as osteoporosis. In consequence, adefovir dipivoxil administration was stopped, and patients received concentrated divitamins, sodium phosphate syrup and calcitriol. Symptoms and abnormalities in laboratory examinations were significantly improved in all patients after 2-6 months. Therefore, serum phosphate, SCr, routine urine parameters, Cys-C and GFR should be monitored regularly in chronic HBV patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil. The following factors were identified as predictive of kidney damage and Fanconi syndrome: Age ≥40 years, living in rural areas, previous renal toxicity, estimated GFR (eGFR) <90 ml/min/1.73 m2, hypertension, diabetes, cirrhosis and duration of adefovir dipivoxil treatment exceeding 24 months. The present results indicate that timely termination of adefovir dipivoxil treatment and replacement with other antiviral agents is critical once renal impairment appears, and that it is necessary to change to other antiviral agents and prolong the interval of administration according to the eGFR level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Fan Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Chun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Lvfeng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Chen Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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Bhandi MM, Borkar RM, Shankar G, Raut S, Nagesh N, Srinivas R. Identification and characterization of stressed degradation products of rabeprazole using LC-ESI/MS/MS and 1H-NMR experiments: in vitro toxicity evaluation of major degradation products. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27965h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabeprazole, an antiulcer drug in the class of proton pump inhibitors was subjected to force degradation studies as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Mohan Bhandi
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Roshan M. Borkar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - G. Shankar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | | | - Narayana Nagesh
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - R. Srinivas
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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Abstract
Metabolic acidosis could emerge from diseases disrupting acid-base equilibrium or from drugs that induce similar derangements. Occurrences are usually accompanied by comorbid conditions of drug-induced metabolic acidosis, and clinical outcomes may range from mild to fatal. It is imperative that clinicians not only are fully aware of the list of drugs that may lead to metabolic acidosis but also understand the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In this review, we categorized drug-induced metabolic acidosis in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as individual drugs’ characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Quynh Trang Pham
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA; Baylor Family Medicine Residency at Garland, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA
| | - Li Hao Richie Xu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA
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Igase M, Baba K, Shimokawa Miyama T, Noguchi S, Mizuno T, Okuda M. Acquired Fanconi syndrome in a dog exposed to jerky treats in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1507-10. [PMID: 26062568 PMCID: PMC4667673 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old spayed female Jack Russell Terrier presented with a 1-month
history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting and weight loss. The dog was fed beef and chicken
jerky treats daily in addition to a commercial diet. Laboratory tests revealed azotemia,
hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis and glucosuria with normoglycemia. Urine
amino acid analysis showed significant amino acid loss into the urine. Thus, Fanconi
syndrome was diagnosed, and based on the case history and extensive diagnostic testing,
excessive consumption of jerky treats was strongly suspected as the cause. Glucosuria
resolved 7 days after the withdrawal of jerky treats and fluid therapy. Aminoaciduria was
substantially, but not completely, improved 3 months after diagnosis. Mild azotemia
remained, suggesting chronic renal disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first reported case of Fanconi syndrome following the consumption of jerky treats in
Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Igase
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Cleveland WW. Unforgettable patients. J Pediatr 1993; 122:321-3. [PMID: 8429454 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(06)80142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Merchant SM, Vithlani NP. Current antibiotic usage II: Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, erythromycin, vancomycin and sulphonamides. Indian J Pediatr 1986; 53:199-213. [PMID: 3744457 DOI: 10.1007/bf02748508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wolff JA, Strom C, Griswold W, Sweetman F, Kulovich S, Prodanos C, Nyhan WL. Proximal renal tubular acidosis in methylmalonic acidemia. J Neurogenet 1985; 2:31-9. [PMID: 4020528 DOI: 10.3109/01677068509100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A patient with methylmalonic acidemia was found to have a persistent hyperchloremic acidosis. Investigation documented the presence of a proximal renal tubular acidosis. Between 14 and 18 months of age the urinary pH was as high as 8.0 when the serum bicarbonate was 17 mEq/liter and the threshold for bicarbonate was at 16-17 mEq/liter. When restudied at 33 months of age, the threshold had risen to 20 mEq/liter, but this was still abnormal and supplemental treatment was required to keep the serum concentration of bicarbonate above 20 mEq/liter. It is postulated that organic acid metabolites which accumulate in this and related disorders may interfere with renal tubular function as has been shown for maleic acid in experimental animals.
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Lu DP. Halitosis: an etiologic classification, a treatment approach, and prevention. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1982; 54:521-6. [PMID: 6960306 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(82)90190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis, a condition that causes a severe social handicap to those who suffer from it, has a multifactorial etiology. Since patients with this condition seek professional consultation from dentists much more frequently than from physicians, dentists, who treat diseases of the oral cavity, should have an understanding of the local as well as the systemic factors which cause halitosis. This article presents an extensive review of the information available, with an etiologic classification of this condition to help clinicians develop the diagnostic acumen to distinguish one type of halitosis from another. Once the etiology of this condition is ascertained for the patient who suffers from it, treatment can be readily rendered.
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Abstract
A case is reported of Fanconi syndrome and nonliquric renal failure, following a brief course of cephalothin and gentamicin, in a patient with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. These drugs, especially when used in combination, have been associated with nephrotoxicity manifested as acute tubular necrosis and altered proximal tubular function, but biochemical evidence for generalized proximal tubular dysfunction has not been accurately defined. Thus far, only two other antibiotics, degraded tetracycline and streptozotocin, have been implicated in producing an acquired Fanconi syndrome.
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Walton VC, Howlett MR, Selzer GB. Anhydrotetracycline and 4-epianhydrotetracycline in market tetracyclines and aged tetracycline products. J Pharm Sci 1970; 59:1160-4. [PMID: 4989725 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600590822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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