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Lonfat E, La Scala GC. Postoperative Dysnatremia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Palatoplasty. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:1942-1947. [PMID: 37226304 PMCID: PMC10521787 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying predisposing factors to dysnatremia to improve perioperative care after cleft surgery. DESIGN Retrospective case series. Patient data were obtained through the electronic medical records of the hospital. SETTING Tertiary care university hospital. PATIENTS The inclusion criterion was the measurement of an abnormal natremia value, defined as Na >150 or <130 mmol/l after a cleft lip or cleft palate repair procedure. The exclusion criterion was natremia between 131 and 149 mmol/l. RESULTS Natremia measurements were available for 215 patients born between 1995 and 2018. Five patients presented with postoperative dysnatremia. Several predisposing factors to dysnatremia have been identified: drugs, infection, administration of intravenous fluids, and postoperative syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Although the hospital environment contributes to dysnatremia development, the fact that only patients undergoing cleft palate repair develop natremia anomalies suggests that this surgery may be itself a risk factor. CONCLUSION Children undergoing palatoplasty may be at higher risk to develop postoperative dysnatremia. Early recognition of symptoms and risk factors, postoperative monitoring, and prompt treatment of dysnatremia diminish the risk of neurological complications.
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Assadi F, Azarfar A, Bazargani B, Derakhshan A, Abassi A, Mehrkash M, Moghtaderi M, Basiratnia M, Mazaheri M, Safaeiasl A, Eskandarifar A, Sharbaf FG, Badeli H, Naghshizadian R. Validity of the Adrogué-Madias Formula for the Management of Acute Dysnatremias in Critically Ill Children: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis. Pediatr Emerg Care 2023; 39:707-714. [PMID: 37167202 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current conventional formulas do not predict the expected changes in serum sodium after administration of various fluids to correct serum sodium abnormalities. The Adrogué-Madias formula is currently the preferred and widely used fluid prescription for adult patients with dysnatremias, but its therapeutic efficacy has not been validated in pediatric patients. METHODS In this prospective study, we used the Adrogué-Madias formula for calculating the appropriate rate of various fluids administration to correct serum sodium abnormalities in 7 critically ill children with acute dysnatremias. RESULTS After administration of various intravenous fluids using the Adrogué-Madias formula, the anticipated as well as the achieved sodium concentrations were almost similar. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the use of the Adrogué-Madias quantitative formula allows to calculate the appropriate rate of administration of various fluids. The calculated fluid administration resulted in the subsequent actual laboratory values and clinical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnak Assadi
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL
| | - Anoush Azarfar
- Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bazargani
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Center, The Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Derakhshan
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Abassi
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Center, The Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Mehrkash
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Moghtaderi
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Center, The Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Basiratnia
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mazaheri
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Afshin Safaeiasl
- Pediatric Kidney Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Eskandarifar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghane Sharbaf
- Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Badeli
- Pediatric Kidney Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Rama Naghshizadian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Assadi F, Mazaheri M. Differentiating syndrome of inappropriate ADH, reset osmostat, cerebral/renal salt wasting using fractional urate excretion. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:137-140. [PMID: 33180045 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical and laboratory data of reset osmostat (RO) and cerebral/renal salt wasting (C/RSW) mimic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and can pose diagnostic challenges because of significant overlapping between clinical and laboratory findings. Failure to correctly diagnose hyponatremia may result in increased mortality risk, longer hospital stay, and is cost-effective. We aim to illustrate clinical and laboratory similarities and difference among patients with hyponatremic disorders and discuss the diagnostic value of factional uprate excretion (FEurate) to differentiate SIADH from RO and C/RSW. CASE PRESENTATIONS We report the use of FEurate in the evaluation of three patients with hyponatremia and elevated urine osmolality in the absence of edema or clinical evidence of dehydration to differentiate SIADH from RO and C/RSW. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of FEurate may offset in part the diagnostic confusion imparted by the diagnoses of SIADH, RO, and C/RSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnak Assadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Mojgan Mazaheri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Management Challenges in a Child with Chronic Hyponatremia: Use of V2 Receptor Antagonist. Case Rep Pediatr 2017; 2017:3757423. [PMID: 28149654 PMCID: PMC5253166 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3757423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyponatremia is very rare in children and is often seen in the setting of congestive heart failure or liver failure in adults. Here, we report an 8-year-old child with hypothalamic glioma who presented with severe hyponatremia. Initial management consisted of fluid restriction. This was very difficult for the child to follow and the child developed bizarre drinking habits requiring intervention from child psychiatry. So therapy was initiated with low dose V2 receptor antagonist under close inpatient monitoring. While initial response was reassuring, her sodium levels tended to drift down with longer duration of treatment requiring us to increase the dose frequently. Her response to therapy and her stable clinical situation off therapy suggest that she may have reset osmostat.
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Gupta P, Mick G, Fong CT, Jospe N, McCormick K. Hyponatremia secondary to reset osmostat in a child with a central nervous system midline defect and a chromosomal abnormality. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13:1637-41. [PMID: 11154161 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2000.13.9.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A newborn with a CNS midline defect and persistent hyponatremia was diagnosed with a "reset" osmostat using a 3% hypertonic saline test. The diagnosis was established by measuring urinary arginine vasopressin (UAVP) and plasma osmolality (P(Osmoil)). In this infant a chromosome abnormality with the karyotype 46, X, -X, +der(X) t(X;13) (p22.1;q22) was associated with the midline defect and a reset osmostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Peoria, USA
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Abstract
Epidermal nevus syndrome is seldom encountered, and its association with hypermelanosis and the chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has never been reported. A male neonate who developed intractable seizures and hyponatremia soon after birth is reported. He had alopecic patches on the scalp at birth. Large areas of skin hyperpigmentation, and epidermal nevi developed gradually. The clinical picture of hypotonic hyponatremia, high urine osmolality, elevated urine sodium, and euvolemia was compatible with SIADH. The seizures did not correlate with the hyponatremia, and no other cause for the seizures could be identified. The hyponatremia became chronic and was treated with a direct supply of sodium chloride. The development of the patient was markedly delayed at the last visit when he was 1 year of age. It is suggested that hypermelanosis and chronic SIADH may also be a variant presentation of epidermal nevus syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Thiagarajan R, La Gamma E, Dey S, Blethen S, Wilson TA. Hyponatremia caused by a reset osmostat in a neonate with cleft lip and palate and panhypopituitarism. J Pediatr 1996; 128:561-3. [PMID: 8618194 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A neonate with cleft lip and palate and hypopituitarism had persistent hyponatremia despite treatment with hydrocortisone, L-thyroxine, and growth hormone. Serum sodium concentration and urinary osmolality increased and decreased appropriately and concurrently with alterations in sodium and water intake. The ability to regulate serum concentrations of antidiuretic hormone at subnormal serum sodium concentrations indicated a reset osmostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thiagarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University Medical Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 11794-8111, USA
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Arisaka O, Nagata S, Arai H, Arisaka M, Yabuta K. Hyponatremia in central partial diabetes insipidus due to postoperative hypothalamic tumor. Childs Nerv Syst 1995; 11:712-4. [PMID: 8750954 DOI: 10.1007/bf00262237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 4-year-old boy with a postoperative hypothalamic tumor, who exhibited unusual water and electrolyte disturbance. This developed as a late manifestation during the course of central diabetes insipidus (DI), which started when the patient was 2 years old. Clinically, hyponatremia and DI appeared alternately within 1 day. The hyponatremia (lowest value Na+ 115 mmol/I) was associated with afebrile convulsions. Assessment of fluid status revealed that the patient had a reduced capacity for arginine vasopressin(AVP) secretion (partial DI), which was not physiologically regulated and which was not concomitantly sufficient to produce maximally concentrated urine and allow the production of maximally diluted urine. This defective osmoreceptor function in association with the previously existing reduced capacity for AVP release seemed to be responsible for the fluid disturbance in the patient. The administration of nasal 1-desamino-8D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) only when urine output was increased, instead of regular administration at a fixed time, prevented both worsening of hyponatremia and development of DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arisaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kazda A, Jabor A, Zámecník M, Masek K. Monitoring acid-base and electrolyte disturbances in intensive care. Adv Clin Chem 1989; 27:201-68. [PMID: 2667293 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kazda
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Postgraduate Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Prague, Czechoslovakia
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