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Killedar SM, Shetty R, J R, James J, Karaththodiyil R, Edwin A. A Comparative Evaluation of Abrasion Resistance of Three Commercially Available Type IV Dental Stone, Dried using Three Different Drying Techniques - An In vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S580-S585. [PMID: 34447157 PMCID: PMC8375857 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_538_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The microwave technique of drying dental stone to achieve improved hardness and strength has been suggested in recent years. However, its effect on the wear properties of dental stone has not been thoroughly examined. Aim: The present study was conducted in vitro to determine the abrasion resistance of three commercially available Type IV dental stones using three different drying techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 samples were prepared from 3 Type IV dental stones; namely Eliterock, Zhermack (Italy), Kalrock, Kalabhai industries (India), and Gyprock (Rajkot, India). Samples were subjected to drying in open air for 2 h, hot air oven at a temp of 230°C for 1 h and microwave oven for 5 min at 900Watts. Abrasion resistance was determined using a customized metallic abrasion resistance tester. Results: Microwave oven drying produced samples with increased abrasion resistance values when compared to samples dried in hot air oven and air-dried specimens. Eliterock showed significantly higher mean abrasion resistance values followed by Kalrock and Gyprock. Conclusion: Drying type IV dental stone in a microwave oven at 900W for 5 min increased the abrasion resistance within short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Killedar
- Department of Prosthodontics, KLE V. K. Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Shetty
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul J
- Department of Prosthodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Edappal, Kerala, India
| | - Jittin James
- Department of Prosthodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Science, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjith Karaththodiyil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
| | - Annie Edwin
- Department of Pedodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Science, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khalaf S, Ariffin Z, Husein A, Reza F. Surface Coating of Gypsum-Based Molds for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomeric Material: Evaluating Different Microbial Adhesion. J Prosthodont 2017; 26:664-669. [PMID: 28177575 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the adhesion of three microorganisms on modified and unmodified silicone elastomer surfaces with different surface roughnesses and porosities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus were incubated with modified and unmodified silicone groups (N = 35) for 30 days at 37°C. The counts of viable microorganisms in the accumulating biofilm layer were determined and converted to cfu/cm2 unit surface area. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the microbial adhesion. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc tests as indicated. RESULTS Significant differences in microbial adhesion were observed between modified and unmodified silicone elastomers after the cells were incubated for 30 days (p < 0.001). SEM showed evident differences in microbial adhesion on modified silicone elastomer compared with unmodified silicone elastomer. CONCLUSIONS Surface modification of silicone elastomer yielding a smoother and less porous surface showed lower adhesion of different microorganisms than observed on unmodified surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Khalaf
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Zaihan Ariffin
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Adam Husein
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Fazal Reza
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Niekawa CT, Kreve S, A'vila GB, Godoy GG, Eduardo Vieira da Silva JR, Dias SC. Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior and Surface Rugosity of Different Dental Die Materials. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7:34-40. [PMID: 28316947 PMCID: PMC5343681 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.200706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This work evaluated the mechanical and surface behavior of different die materials. The studied materials are polyurethane resin Exakto-Form (Bredent), Gypsum type IV, Fuji Rock EP (Gc), and Durone (Dentsply). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two metallic matrices molded in polyvinyl siloxane provided 30 cylindrical test specimens for the diametral compression test and 30 hemispherical test specimens for the surface rugosity test. The cylindrical test specimens were submitted to tests of diametral compression strength using a DL2000 universal assay machine, with a load cell of 2000 Kgf and constant speed of 1 mm/min connected to the software. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's nonparametric tests were used to analyze the results. The hemispheres were submitted to the surface rugosity assay using a SJ201-P rugosimeter with a sensitivity of 300 μm, speed of 0.5 mm/s, and cut-off of 0.8 mm, and the readings were taken on the convex surface of the test specimens and metallic matrix. Results were analyzed using with Fisher's least significant differences test (LSD) and Dunnett's test. RESULTS Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant difference between die materials for diametral compression strength (P = 0.002). Dunn's test showed significantly higher values for modified polyurethane resin (Exakto-Form). The gypsum type IV, which did not significantly differ regarding diametral compression strength, showed 34.0% (Durone) and 42.7% (Fuji Rock) lower values in comparison to Exakto-Form. CONCLUSION Within the parameters adopted in this study, it is possible to conclude that Exakto-Form polyurethane resin showed higher resistance to compression and was closer to the metallic matrix rugosity, and, along with the gypsum type IV Durone, showed better reproducibility of details relative to the Fuji Rock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro T. Niekawa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School, Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kreve
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School, Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisseli Bertozzi A'vila
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School, Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Gil Godoy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School, Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Candido Dias
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental School, Campinas-São Paulo, Brazil
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Tripathi A, Gupta A, Bagchi S, Mishra L, Gautam A, Madhok R. Comparison of the Effect of Addition of Cyanoacrylate, Epoxy Resin, and Gum Arabic on Surface Hardness of Die Stone. J Prosthodont 2015; 25:235-40. [PMID: 26713763 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the effects of incorporating cyanoacrylate, epoxy resins, and gum arabic on the abrasion resistance of type IV gypsum die materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (10 specimens in each group), namely group A (control), group B (die stone mixed with cyanoacrylate), group C (die stone mixed with epoxy resin), group D (die stone mixed with gum arabic). All the specimens were subjected to abrasion testing, wear volume analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. RESULTS Abrasion testing showed maximum wear in the control group and minimum wear in the gum arabic group. Intergroup differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The largest mean difference was between control and gum arabic. The lowest was between cyanoacrylate and the control group. The mean wear volume was lowest in the gum arabic group (4.23 mm(3) ) and highest in the control group (6.78 mm(3) ). The FT-IR graphs of the gum arabic models showed the presence of CH2 , which is responsible for its binding activity. SEM revealed that the irregular particles of gum arabic display an interlocking arrangement. This jigsaw puzzle pattern results in stronger physical bond formation. CONCLUSION Observations from this study showed that the addition of gum arabic increases resistance to abrasion in type IV gypsum. Cyanoacrylates are good adhesives as well, but a major drawback is that they have very low resistance to chemical action with water and physical actions such as sunlight. Epoxy resins are powerful adhesives, but they attain their full efficiency when cured with heat. Cyanoacrylate and epoxy resin displayed poor physical bonding, primarily because of inhomogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Tripathi
- Postgraduate Studies and Research, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soumyojeet Bagchi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lallan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhina Gautam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riti Madhok
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
This study addresses the development of a green composite from gypsum and sawdust (SW) using a spray coating technique with water-based epoxy (WBE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Dai
- College of Material Engineering
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou 350002
- PR China
- Nanocellulose and Biocomposites Research Centre
| | - Mizi Fan
- College of Material Engineering
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
- Fuzhou 350002
- PR China
- Nanocellulose and Biocomposites Research Centre
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Khalaf S, Ariffin Z, Husein A, Reza F. Surface Coating of Gypsum-Based Molds for Maxillofacial Prosthetic Silicone Elastomeric Material: The Surface Topography. J Prosthodont 2014; 24:419-23. [PMID: 25219956 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the surface roughness of maxillofacial silicone elastomers fabricated in noncoated and coated gypsum materials. This study was also conducted to characterize the silicone elastomer specimens after surfaces were modified. MATERIALS AND METHODS A gypsum mold was coated with clear acrylic spray. The coated mold was then used to produce modified silicone experimental specimens (n = 35). The surface roughness of the modified silicone elastomers was compared with that of the control specimens, which were prepared by conventional flasking methods (n = 35). An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used for surface roughness measurement of silicone elastomer (unmodified and modified), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the topographic conditions of coated and noncoated gypsum and silicone elastomer specimens (unmodified and modified) groups. After the gypsum molds were characterized, the fabricated silicone elastomers molded on noncoated and coated gypsum materials were evaluated further. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of gypsum materials (noncoated and coated) and silicone elastomer specimens (unmodified and modified) was performed to evaluate the elemental changes after coating was conducted. Independent t test was used to analyze the differences in the surface roughness of unmodified and modified silicone at a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Roughness was significantly reduced in the silicone elastomers processed against coated gypsum materials (p < 0.001). The AFM and SEM analysis results showed evident differences in surface smoothness. EDX data further revealed the presence of the desired chemical components on the surface layer of unmodified and modified silicone elastomers. CONCLUSIONS Silicone elastomers with lower surface roughness of maxillofacial prostheses can be obtained simply by coating a gypsum mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Khalaf
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Prosthodontics Unit, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Zaihan Ariffin
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Adam Husein
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Fazal Reza
- Prosthodontics Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Euán R, Figueras-Álvarez O, Cabratosa-Termes J, Oliver-Parra R. Marginal adaptation of zirconium dioxide copings: Influence of the CAD/CAM system and the finish line design. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cilingir A, Geckili O, Parlar Z, Gencel B, Bozdag E, Temiz V. The influence of steam cleaning procedures on the surface roughness of commonly used type III dental stone for the fabrication of removable dentures. Gerodontology 2012; 30:171-5. [PMID: 22313508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the possible detrimental effects of steam treatment on the surface of type III dental stone, which is a common laboratory material used for the construction of removable dentures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty dental stone specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), and group A was used as the control group. The other groups were treated with steam from a standard distance for varying durations (30, 60 and 120 s). RESULTS The duration of steam cleaning significantly increased Ra values (F = 63.150, p = 0.000). Similarly, the duration of steam application was directly correlated with the weight changes (F = 17.721, p = 0.000). A significant amount of dental stone can be removed from the surface while treating with steam. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrated that expanded periods of steam cleaning cause weight loss and abrade the surface of type III dental stones; therefore, these devices should be used with caution during denture fabrication procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altug Cilingir
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Capa-Istanbul, Turkey
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Queiroz DA, Cunha LG, Duarte JLP, Neves ACC, Silva-Concílio LRD. Influence of the casting material on the dimensional accuracy of dental dies. Braz Oral Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011005000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cardoso M, Torres MF, Lourenço EJV, Telles DDM. Dimensional changes in gypsum fragments bonded with cyanoacrylate. J Prosthodont 2011; 20:470-3. [PMID: 21631630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2011.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Accidental fractures may occur during manipulation and transportation of plaster casts. In clinical practice, plaster fragments may be bonded without harming the accuracy of the final denture, provided that the bonding agent does not cause dimensional alterations. Cyanoacrylate could be a good material because of its ease of use, quick set, wide availability, and low cost. The aim of this study was to assess the dimensional alteration of Type IV plaster fragments bonded with a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten hexagonal regular prisms were made of Type IV plaster, with two reference marks on one of the faces. The distance between the marks was measured under a comparison microscope. After this, the prisms were fractured so that the fracture line would be between the two reference marks, bonded with a cyanoacrylate-based universal adhesive and measured again. RESULTS The mean difference between the measurements performed before and after fracture and bonding of the fragments was 0.0194 mm. At a level of significance of 0.05, there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements before and after fracture and bonding of the dies (p = 0.1582). CONCLUSION It may be concluded that bonding of Type IV plaster fragments with a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive did not cause significant dimensional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Cardoso
- Department of Prosthodontics, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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He LH, Vuuren LJV, Planitz N, Swain MV. A micro-mechanical evaluation of the effects of die hardener on die stone. Dent Mater J 2010; 29:433-7. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2009-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effect of mixing methods on the physical properties of dental stones. J Dent 2008; 36:736-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sabooni M, . JG. Comparison of Tap Water, Distilled Water and Slurry Water on Surface Hardness of Gypsum Die. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2007.1350.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Harris PE, Hoyer S, Lindquist TJ, Stanford CM. Alterations of surface hardness with gypsum die hardeners. J Prosthet Dent 2004; 92:35-8. [PMID: 15232562 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Die stones require abrasion resistance, dimensional stability with time, and high surface wettability material properties. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the surface microhardness (Knoop) of 4 contemporary gypsum materials with and without surface die hardener. MATERIAL AND METHODS Materials used were a Type III stone (Microstone) and 3 die stones (Die-Keen, Silky-Rock, and ResinRock). Die hardener was cyanoacrylate (Permabond 910) or Clear Coat. Specimens of stone were hand mixed with distilled room temperature water and vacuum spatulated according to manufacturer's directions. Five cylinders (15 x 15 mm) per group were poured, using vibration, into phenolic ring molds positioned on top of a glass slide. The face of each specimen was polished with 2400-grit Al2O sandpaper. One face of each of 5 specimens/material was coated with cyanoacrylate; 5 specimens/material were coated with Clear Coat, air thinned and dried; and 5 specimens/material had no treatment (control). Knoop hardness (kg/mm2) readings were made on each face (5 readings/time point) 3, 12, and 24 hours after pouring. An ANOVA procedure with post hoc Tukey tests were performed (alpha=.05). RESULTS Microhardness did not vary between 3 and 24 hours for any material (P>.05). Microstone had significantly lower surface hardness (P<.0001) than the die stones. Specimens coated with die hardener had lower hardness values (P<.001 in all cases) CONCLUSIONS The 3 types of die stones evaluated in this study did not differ significantly in surface microhardness. Under these conditions, die hardener coatings reduced the surface hardness of the gypsum material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Harris
- University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa City, USA
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