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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Cardiomyocyte specific deletion of p53 decreases cell injury during ischemia-reperfusion: Role of Mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:162-170. [PMID: 32711023 PMCID: PMC7484321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein with a very low content in the basal condition, but the content rapidly rises during stress conditions including ischemia-reperfusion. An increase in p53 content increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion. Since mitochondrial damage plays a key role in cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion, we asked if genetic ablation of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria. Isolated, perfused hearts from cardiac specific p53 deletion or wild type underwent 25 min global ischemia at 37 °C and 60 min reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, hearts were harvested for infarct size measurement. In separate groups, cardiac mitochondria were isolated at 30 min reperfusion. Time control hearts were buffer-perfused without ischemia. Compared to wild type, deletion of p53 improved cardiac functional recovery and decreased infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion. Oxidative phosphorylation was improved in p53 deletion mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion compared to wild type. The net release of ROS generation from wild type but not in p53 deletion mitochondria was increased following ischemia-reperfusion. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX 3) content was higher in p53 deletion than that in wild type, indicating that p53 deletion increases a key antioxidant. Ischemia-reperfusion led to increased spectrin cleavage (a marker of cytosolic calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the truncation of mature AIF (apoptosis inducing factor, an indicator of mitochondrial calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. The loss of cytochrome c from mitochondria was also decreased in p53 deletion following ischemia-reperfusion. Bcl-2 content was decreased in wild type but not in p53 deletion following reperfusion, suggesting that depletion of bcl-2 contributes to permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Thus, deletion of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria through attenuation of oxidative stress and calpain activation during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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Acquired deficiency of tafazzin in the adult heart: Impact on mitochondrial function and response to cardiac injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:294-300. [PMID: 26692032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The content and composition of cardiolipin (CL) is critical for preservation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and inner membrane integrity. Tafazzin (Taz) is an enzyme responsible for remodeling of immature CL containing mixed acyl groups into the mature tetralinoleyl form (C18:2)4-CL. We hypothesized that acquired defects in Taz in the mature heart would impact remodeling of CL and augment cardiac injury. The role of acquired Taz deficiency was studied using the inducible Taz knockdown (TazKD) mouse. Taz-specific shRNA is induced by doxycycline (DOX). One day of DOX intake decreased Taz mRNA in the heart to 20% vs. DOX-treated WT. Knockdown was initiated at an adult age and was stable during long term feeding. CL phenotype was assessed by (C18:2)4-CL content and was reduced 40% vs. WT at two months of DOX. TazKD showed increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased susceptibility to permeability transition pore opening at baseline. However, OXPHOS measured using the rate of oxygen consumption was unchanged in the setting of acquired Taz deficiency. Infarct size, measured in isolated buffer-perfused Langendorff hearts following 25min. Stop flow ischemia and 60min. Reperfusion was not altered in TazKD hearts. Thus, impaired Taz-function with onset at adult age does not enhance susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Szczepanek K, Xu A, Hu Y, Thompson J, He J, Larner AC, Salloum FN, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ. Cardioprotective function of mitochondrial-targeted and transcriptionally inactive STAT3 against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Pons-Estel GJ, Serrano R, Lozano M, Cid J, Cervera R, Espinosa G. Recambio plasmático en las enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semreu.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Sun Z, Biela LM, Hamilton KL, Reardon KF. Concentration-dependent effects of the soy phytoestrogen genistein on the proteome of cultured cardiomyocytes. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3592-604. [PMID: 22521270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The soy-derived phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) has received attention for its potential benefits on the cardiovascular system by providing direct protection to cardiomyocytes against pathophysiological stresses. Here, we employed a proteomic approach to study the concentration-dependent effects of GEN treatments on cardiomyocytes. Cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes were treated with low (1μM) and high (50μM) concentrations of GEN. Proteins were pre-fractionated by sequential hydrophilic/hydrophobic extraction and both protein fractions from each treatment group were separated by 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE). Overall, approximately 2,700 spots were visualized on the 2D gels. Thirty-nine and 99 spots changed in volume relative to controls (p<0.05) following the low- and high-concentration GEN treatments, respectively. From these spots, 25 and 62 protein species were identified by ESI-MS/MS and Mascot database searching, respectively. Identified proteins were further categorized according to their functions and possible links to cardioprotection were discussed. MetaCore gene ontology analysis suggested that 1μM GEN significantly impacted the anti-apoptosis process, and that both the low and high concentrations of GEN influenced the glucose catabolic process and regulation of ATPase activity. This proteomics study provides the first global insight into the molecular events triggered by GEN treatment in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1370, USA
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Stewart S, Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q. Reversible blockade of electron transport with amobarbital at the onset of reperfusion attenuates cardiac injury. Transl Res 2009; 153:224-31. [PMID: 19375683 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion. Ischemia damages the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Therapeutic intervention during early reperfusion decreases cardiac injury, which suggests that myocardial injury can be attenuated even though mitochondria were already damaged during the preceding ischemia. Our previous study shows that amobarbital given only before ischemia prevents ischemic damage to the electron transport chain and decreases infarct size measured during reperfusion in Langendorff-perfused Fischer 344 rat hearts. In the current study, amobarbital was given at the onset of reperfusion to test whether the blockade of proximal electron transport only during early reperfusion can decrease myocardial injury. Amobarbital administrated during early reperfusion decreased infarct size compared with untreated hearts, which suggests that the modulation of electron transport during early reperfusion attenuates myocardial injury. The increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to injury. We tested whether the blockade of proximal electron transport prevents ROS release from the mitochondria that sustained ischemic damage. The blockade of the proximal electron transport chain at complex I attenuates maximal ROS generation from ischemia-damaged mitochondria. Thus, the modulation of oxidative function during reperfusion provides a translationally relevant opportunity to prevent a portion of the mitochondrial-dependent injury. The cardiac protection by amobarbital given during reperfusion may result from decreased ROS generation from the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University and Medical Service, Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Chen Q, Moghaddas S, Hoppel CL, Lesnefsky EJ. Reversible blockade of electron transport during ischemia protects mitochondria and decreases myocardial injury following reperfusion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:1405-12. [PMID: 16990510 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac mitochondria sustain damage during ischemia and reperfusion, contributing to cell death. The reversible blockade of electron transport during ischemia with amobarbital, an inhibitor at the rotenone site of complex I, protects mitochondria against ischemic damage. Amobarbital treatment immediately before ischemia was used to test the hypothesis that damage to mitochondrial respiration occurs mainly during ischemia and that protection of mitochondria during ischemia leads to decreased cardiac injury with reperfusion. Langendorff-perfused Fischer-344 rat hearts were treated with amobarbital (2.5 mM) or vehicle for 1 min immediately before 25 min of global ischemia. Both groups were reperfused for 30 min without additional treatment. Subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) populations of mitochondria were isolated after reperfusion. Ischemia and reperfusion decreased state 3 and increased state 4 respiration rate in both SSM and IFM. Amobarbital treatment protected oxidative phosphorylation measured following reperfusion and improved the coupling of respiration. Cytochrome c content measured in SSM and IFM following reperfusion decreased in untreated, but not in amobarbital-treated, hearts. H(2)O(2) release from SSM and IFM isolated from amobarbital-treated hearts during reperfusion was markedly decreased. Amobarbital treatment before ischemia improved recovery of contractile function (percentage of preischemic developed pressure: untreated 51 +/- 4%, n = 12; amobarbital 70 +/- 4%, n = 11, p < 0.01) and substantially reduced infarct size (untreated 32 +/- 2%, n = 7; amobarbital 13 +/- 2%, n = 7, p < 0.01). Thus, mitochondrial damage occurs mainly during ischemia rather than during reperfusion. Reperfusion in the setting of preserved mitochondrial respiratory function attenuates the mitochondrial release of reactive oxygen species, enhances contractile recovery, and decreases myocardial infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Bouwman RA, van't Hof FNG, de Ruijter W, van Beek-Harmsen BJ, Musters RJP, de Lange JJ, Boer C. The mechanism of sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection is independent of the applied ischaemic stimulus in rat trabeculae. Br J Anaesth 2006; 97:307-14. [PMID: 16849387 DOI: 10.1093/bja/ael174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane protects the myocardium against ischaemic injury through protein kinase C (PKC) activation, mitochondrial K+ATP-channel (mitoK+ATP) opening and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, it is unclear whether the type of ischaemia determines the involvement of these signalling molecules. We therefore investigated whether hypoxia (HYP) or metabolic inhibition (MI), which differentially inhibit the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), are comparable concerning the relative contribution of PKC, mitoK+ATP and ROS in sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection. METHODS Rat right ventricular trabeculae were isolated and isometric contractile force (Fdev) was measured. Trabeculae were subjected to HYP (hypoxic glucose-free buffer; 40 min) or MI (glucose-free buffer, 2 mM cyanide; 30 min), followed by 60 min recovery (60 min). Contractile recovery (Fdev,rec) was determined at the end of the recovery period and expressed as a percentage of Fdev before hypoxia or MI, respectively. Chelerythrine (CHEL; 6 microM), 5-hydroxydecanoic acid sodium (100 microM) and n-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MGP; 300 microM) were used to inhibit PKC, mitoK+ATP and ROS, respectively. RESULTS Fdev,rec after HYP was reduced to 47 (3)% (P<0.001 vs control; n=5) whereas MI reduced Fdev,rec to 28 (5)% (P<0.001 vs control; n=5). A 15 min period of preconditioning with sevoflurane (3.8%) equally increased contractile recovery after HYP [76 (9)%; P<0.05 vs HYP] and MI [67 (8)%; P<0.01 vs MI]. Chelerythrine, 5-hydroxydecanoate and n-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine abolished the protective effect of sevoflurane in both ischaemic models. Trabeculae subjected to HYP or MI did not demonstrate any increased apoptotic or necrotic markers. CONCLUSIONS PKC, mitoK+ATP and ROS are involved in sevoflurane-induced cardioprotection after HYP or MI, suggesting that the means of mitochondrial ETC inhibition does not determine the signal transduction pathway for cardioprotection by anaesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bouwman
- Department of Anesthesiology, VU University Medical Center -Institute for Cardiovascular Research Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schomisch SJ, Murdock DG, Hedayati N, Carino JL, Lesnefsky EJ, Cmolik BL. Cardioplegia prevents ischemia-induced transcriptional alterations of cytoprotective genes in rat hearts: a DNA microarray study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005; 130:1151. [PMID: 16214533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy conservation and calcium homeostasis contribute to myocardial protection provided by hyperkalemic cardioplegia during ischemia. Complimenting these established mechanisms of protection, previous work suggested that activation of cytoprotective signaling pathways also contributes to reduced injury with cardioplegia. We proposed that cardioplegia would recruit cytoprotective pathways and investigated the transcriptional response of the heart after cardioplegia-protected ischemia compared with that after ischemia alone. METHODS Isolated perfused rat hearts underwent 40 minutes of global ischemia alone or with St Thomas cardioplegia, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. The expression profiles of isolated RNA were determined by using Affymetrix microarrays and assessed by comparing cardioplegia-protected hearts and hearts undergoing unprotected ischemia with time-matched control hearts. The content of selected proteins was assessed by means of immunoblotting. RESULTS Cardioplegia preserved the expression of multiple genes involved in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis, and electron transport compared with ischemia alone. The expression of the sodium-calcium exchanger and ryanodine receptor was preserved in line with the ability of cardioplegia to decrease calcium overload. The expression of multiple cytoprotective molecules, including protein-tyrosine kinase, calcineurin B, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, voltage-dependent anion channel, protein kinase C , heat shock protein 70, and manganese superoxide dismutase all showed decreased expression in ischemia but were preserved to near nonischemic levels by cardioplegia. CONCLUSION Cardioplegia during ischemia maintained an expression profile similar to that seen in nonischemic hearts for genes involved in energy conservation, calcium homeostasis, and cytoprotective pathways, whereas ischemia alone did not. Exposing the transcriptional differences in cytoprotective genes during untreated and cardioplegia-treated ischemia provides valuable insight into an additional mechanism of cardioprotection induced by cardioplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve J Schomisch
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5011, USA
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Plachinta RV, de Klaver MJM, Hayes JK, Rich GF. The protective effect of protein kinase C and adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel agonists against inflammation in rat endothelium and vascular smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo. Anesth Analg 2004; 99:556-61, table of contents. [PMID: 15271738 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000124679.86069.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetic pretreatment protects the vasculature from inflammation-induced injury via mechanisms involving the activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels and/or protein kinase C (PKC). Therefore, we hypothesized that K(ATP) and PKC agonists may mimic the protective effects of volatile anesthetics in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM) and aortic endothelial cells (AEC) were used to evaluate whether pretreatment with a K(ATP) agonist, cromakalim (CRK), or a PKC agonist, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell injury. Cell survival was determined by trypan blue staining after 6 h. In vivo, rats received systemic LPS or saline with or without pretreatment with PMA or CRK. Mean arterial blood pressure, the response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine; ACH) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilators, and arterial blood gases were determined after 6 h. Cell survival in VSM and AEC control cultures was more than 90%, which was not altered in the presence of PMA or CRK, whereas LPS significantly decreased cell survival. PMA (0.1-10 microM) significantly attenuated the LPS-induced decrease in cell survival by 28%-37% in VSM and 39%-53% in AEC, and CRK (1 mM) increased cell survival by 24% in VSM and 22% in AEC. In vivo, PMA and CRK pretreatment had no significant effect on measured variables in control rats. LPS decreased mean arterial blood pressure and vasodilation to ACH and sodium nitroprusside and caused hypoglycemia. PMA, but not CRK, increased ACH-dependent vasodilation (46%) at 6 h, but neither agonist altered the other detrimental effects of LPS. In conclusion, PKC and K(ATP) agonists appear to protect AEC and VSM cells against inflammation in vitro, but the systemic administration of PKC and K(ATP) agonists appeared to exert minimal or no protection in our in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Plachinta
- Department of Anesthesiology, PO Box 800710, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0710, USA
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