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Wang X, Chen YP, Chen SB. Esophageal Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Review of 58 Cases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836352. [PMID: 35494060 PMCID: PMC9043553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma (EMEC) is a rare disease. The biological behavior and treatment of this malignancy are not well established. METHODS Data from 58 patients with EMEC who underwent esophagectomy were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 5028 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between clinicopathological factors and survival. RESULTS The study cohort included 36 males and 22 females with a median age of 59 years (range, 40-78 years). Of the 47 patients who underwent preoperative esophagoscopic biopsy, only 1 patient was diagnosed with EMEC. EMEC was more often found in female patients (39.7% versus 25.8%, P=0.036) and patients with EMEC had a significantly lower rate of lymph node metastasis (25.0% versus 49.4%, P<0.001) than patients with ESCC. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the 5-year overall survival rate of 55.2% for patients with EMEC was similar to that of 61.9% for patients with ESCC (P=0.399). CONCLUSIONS EMEC is a rare disease that more often affects females and these patients has less lymph node metastasis than patients with ESCC. Preoperative esophagoscopic biopsy has difficulty obtaining an accurate pathological diagnosis for EMEC patients. The prognosis for EMEC is similar to that for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | - Shao-bin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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2
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Shin SY, Chae MK, Kwak MS, Yoon JY, Jeon JW, Cha JM. [Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Esophagus]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 74:159-162. [PMID: 31554031 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.74.3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs mainly in the salivary glands of adults and children, but rarely in the esophagus. A surgical resection is the primary treatment for mucoepidermal carcinoma, and the prognosis has been reported to be poor. A 61-year-old man was diagnosed with an esophageal nodule in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the purpose of a medical examination without any special symptoms and an endoscopic resection was performed for an accurate diagnosis. An endoscopic mucosal resection was performed using a band ligation for a complete resection and continuous follow-up with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. The unknown prognosis of endoscopic resection makes it necessary to follow the patient carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youn Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seob Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jereczek-Fossa B, Airoldi M, Vasario E, Redda MG, Valente G, Orecchia R. Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 86:174-7. [PMID: 10855859 DOI: 10.1177/030089160008600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of small cell esophageal carcinoma (SCEC) treated with alternated chemotherapy (including cisplatin, etoposide, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin) and irradiation (36 Gy) followed by surgery. Despite a pathological complete response, the patient died of regional disease recurrence 29 months after the diagnosis. We reviewed the available literature on SCEC with regard to the incidence, clinical symptoms, radiological signs, diagnostic workup, therapeutic modalities and prognosis of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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De Dosso S, Mazzucchelli L, Ghielmini M, Saletti P. Response to Oxaliplatin with Cetuximab in Minor Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:378-81. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal localization of adenoid cystic carcinoma of minor salivary glands is rare; it may occur in the early to mid-sixties' age group and is more frequently encountered in men than women. In the majority of cases, it arises from subepithelial glands of the middle to lower third of the esophagus, a similar distribution as squamous cell carcinoma. Prognosis depends mostly on tumor staging and resectability, which represents the only chance of cure. Due to the extreme rarity of this condition, there is limited experience with systemic therapy for advanced disease. We report a case of a patient with metastatic primary esophageal adenoid cystic carcinoma progressing on platinum- and irinotecan-based regimens, who achieved an objective response with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in combination with cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Dosso
- Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Michele Ghielmini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Piercarlo Saletti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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5
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A rare case of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. Clin J Gastroenterol 2014; 8:26-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-014-0546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Kukar M, Groman A, Malhotra U, Warren GW, Bogner P, Nwogu CE, Demmy TL, Yendamuri S. Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A SEER Database Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:4239-44. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Chen S, Chen Y, Yang J, Yang W, Weng H, Li H, Liu D. Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6:1426-31. [PMID: 21587086 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31821cfb96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the esophagus is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by a diffuse mixture of squamous and mucus-secreting glandular carcinoma cells. Its biological behavior and response to therapies have not been well studied. Surgical resection is still the primary treatment, but the prognosis is poor. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary esophageal MEC. METHODS Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 36 patients with pathologically confirmed primary esophageal MEC who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy between January 1991 and June 2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. There were 27 men and 9 women ranging in age from 40 to 78 years (median, 58 years). Twenty-six of the 36 patients were treated with surgery alone. The other 10 were treated with surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates. Cox's hazard regression model was used to identify prognostic factors, with entry factors of gender, age (≤60 years versus >60 years), length of the primary lesion (≤5 cm versus >5 cm), location of the primary lesion, macroscopic tumor type, tumor cell differentiation, pT, pN, pTNM stage, operation type (radical/palliative), and radiotherapy (yes/no). RESULTS The clinical symptoms, radiological and endoscopic features of primary esophageal MEC were similar to those of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Of the 20 cases who underwent preoperative endoscopic biopsy, 18 cases were misdiagnosed as ESCC and 2 were misdiagnosed as esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma. The mean follow-up duration of this series was 38.8 months (range, 3-142 months). Twenty-two patients had died, 12 were still alive, and 2 were lost to follow-up. The median survival time of the 36 patients was 29.0 months (95% confidence interval = 20.0-38.0), and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 80.6%, 57.1%, 34.4%, and 25.8%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of 25.8% was lower than 5-year absolute survival rate of 39.2% for ESCC patients who had undergone surgical resection during the same period at our center. For patients who underwent a radical operation, the 5-year survival rate of 32.0% for MEC patients was also lower than that of 41.7% (908/2175) for ESCC patients. In univariate analysis, pN (pN0/pN1-3) (p = 0.003) and operation type (radical/palliative) (p = 0.006) significantly influenced the median survival time of MEC patients. In multivariate analysis, pN (pN0/pN1-3) (p = 0.002) and operation type (radical/palliative) (p = 0.004) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Primary esophageal MEC is a rare disease and prone to be misdiagnosed. Lymph node metastasis and operation are independent prognostic factors. Surgical resection is the primary treatment, but the prognosis is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Au JT, Sugiyama G, Wang H, Nicastri A, Lee D, Ko W, Tak V. Carcinosarcoma of the oesophagus - a rare mixed type of tumor. J Surg Case Rep 2010; 2010:7. [PMID: 24946341 PMCID: PMC3649142 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/2010.7.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare type of oesophageal cancer composed of both squamous cells and sarcomatous cells. We report a case of a 71 year old man presenting with dysphagia and weight loss. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a bulky mass with a preliminary diagnosis of only oesophageal carcinoma, and the oesophageal mass was resected with a transhiatal oesophagectomy. On surgical pathology, it was discovered that the tumor had both squamous cell and sarcomatous cell components, and the final diagnosis was changed to oesophageal carcinosarcoma. We discuss the presentation, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this unique entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce T Au
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Lee
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Wilson Ko
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Vinay Tak
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
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Koury J, Vossough S, Choe JK, Kim SH. Polypoid Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Am Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480707300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rare histologic variants of esophageal cancer account for about 5% of cases. As its name suggests, polypoid spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus (carcinosarcoma, pseudosarcoma) is comprised of both epithelial and spindle cell elements. The nomenclature reflects both the historical controversy over the lesion's cell of origin as well as its characteristic fungating intraluminal growth pattern. The authors report a case of polypoid spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus that was preoperatively diagnosed as a visceral sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadd Koury
- Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ
| | - Sima Vossough
- Medical, VA New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, New Jersey
| | - Jin K. Choe
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, VA New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, New Jersey
| | - Steve H. Kim
- Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Elton
- Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Illinois, USA
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12
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Hagiwara N, Tajiri T, Tajiri T, Miyashita M, Sasajima K, Makino H, Matsutani T, Tsuchiya Y, Takubo K, Yamashita K. Biological behavior of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. J NIPPON MED SCH 2004; 70:401-7. [PMID: 14578940 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.70.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus (MEC) is uncommon and has not been fully investigated. The biological behavior and clinical aspects of MEC were studied. The clinical features of eight patients with MEC were compared with 51 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCC). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were stained in the resected specimens by immunohistochemistry. Seven out of 8 cases (87.5%) had stage III by TNM classification. Four cases died of widespread metastases and 2 cases died of local recurrence within 2 years after the surgery. Neither chemotherapy and radiotherapy were effective against MEC. Overall median survival periods were 10.8 months for MEC and 32.1 months for SCC (P<0.05). When patients in stage III alone were compared, MEC tended to have a worse prognosis than SCC (P=0.058). Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the positive rates of PCNA and CEA were significantly higher in MEC than in SCC (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in p53 positive rate. Esophageal MEC had an aggressive biological nature and was resistant to adjuvant therapies. The poor prognosis of esophageal MEC may be caused by high proliferative and metastatic potential.
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Tamura S, Kobayashi K, Seki Y, Matsuyama J, Kagara N, Ukei T, Uemura Y, Miyauchi K, Kaneko T. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. Dis Esophagus 2003; 16:265-7. [PMID: 14641323 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2050.2003.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a mixed cell tumor with both adenocarcinomatous and squamous components. We report a rare case of superficial mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus with mucosal gastric cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed on a 67-year-old man with a slight but defined depressed lesion of the thoracic esophagus and two lesions of mucosal gastric cancer. Histological examination revealed that the lesion of the esophagus was a mucoepidermoid carcinoma and the two lesions of the stomach were well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Since the mucoepidermoid carcinoma had only slightly invaded the submucosal layer, it was thought to arise from the ductal epithelium of the esophageal gland or the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus. Radiation therapy with a total dose of 60 Gy was performed and there has been no recurrence or metastasis to other organs during 36 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Kinki Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Itami, Japan.
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Klaase JM, Hulscher JBF, Offerhaus GJA, ten Kate FJW, Obertop H, van Lanschot JJB. Surgery for unusual histopathologic variants of esophageal neoplasms: a report of 23 cases with emphasis on histopathologic characteristics. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10:261-7. [PMID: 12679311 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2003.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most frequent pathologic diagnoses with esophageal malignancy. Unusual pathologic variants are encountered in only 1% to 7% of patients, and therefore data evaluating the treatment and survival in this group of esophageal neoplasms are sparse. METHODS To get more insight into the unusual pathologic variants, patients were selected from our computer-assisted database containing data from 426 consecutive patients treated with esophageal resection or enucleation at our institute during 1993 to 2000. RESULTS Uncommon variants of esophageal neoplasms were encountered in 23 patients (5.3%). The following unusual histopathologic variants were seen: basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (n = 3), small-cell carcinoma (n = 1), leiomyoma (n = 5), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 2), leiomyosarcoma (n = 1), adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 5), carcinosarcoma (n = 4), collision tumor (n = 1), and melanoma (n = 1). Presentation, histopathologic characteristics, treatment, and prognosis are described in reference to the existing literature. CONCLUSIONS Survival data of the unusual pathologic variants seem to be comparable to those of the most frequently encountered neoplasms. Only in case of small-cell carcinoma does there seem to be a definite role for chemotherapy, especially in a multimodality treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Klaase
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Pantvaidya GH, Pramesh CS, Deshpande MS, Jambhekar NA, Sharma S, Deshpande RK. Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: the Tata Memorial Hospital experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74:1924-7. [PMID: 12643374 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(02)04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare disease, characterized by aggressive progression. It has a high incidence of metastatic disease at presentation and a poor overall prognosis. Treatment protocols are not well established because of the paucity of cases and a lack of large studies. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients with small cell carcinoma of the esophagus diagnosed at the Tata Memorial Hospital between 1985 and 2001. We retrieved and analyzed data regarding demographic details, diagnosis, staging, type of treatment, and overall survival. RESULTS Eighteen patients with a mean age of 62 years (range 48 to 80 years) diagnosed as having small cell carcinoma of the esophagus were analyzed. The group included 13 men and 5 women. Seven of the 18 patients (39%) presented with metastatic disease including 5 patients (28%) with liver metastases. Four patients were treated with surgery, with or without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Three patients were treated with combination chemoradiotherapy, 2 patients with chemotherapy alone, and 5 patients with radiotherapy alone. Four patients with advanced disease and poor general condition were not offered any treatment. The overall median survival of our patients was 6 months. Patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy had a better overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus should be regarded as a systemic disease with a high distant failure rate. Treatment strategies hence must incorporate systemic chemotherapy along with radical surgery or radiotherapy as part of a multimodality approach.
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Endoh Y, Miyawaki M, Tamura G, Watanabe H, Motoyama T. Esophageal adenocarcinoma that probably originated in the esophageal gland duct: a case report. Pathol Int 1999; 49:156-9. [PMID: 10355970 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.1999.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A case of primary esophageal adenocarcinoma in a 64-year-old man is reported. An ulcerating tumor was located in the middle intrathoracic esophagus. Histopathological examination revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, which had invaded down to the adventitia. The cancerous tubuli were lined by flattened cuboidal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, which were analogous with the esophageal gland ducts and syringoma of the skin. The carcinoma was spread widely in the lamina propria mucosae without intraepithelial neoplastic elements. An immunohistochemical profile of individual cytokeratins and other epithelial markers in the carcinoma was similar to that of the esophageal gland ducts. Barrett's metaplastic epithelium or ectopic gastric mucosa was not found around the tumor. It is strongly suggested that this unique carcinoma is derived from the esophageal gland ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Endoh
- Department of Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Nishimaki T, Suzuki T, Nakagawa S, Watanabe K, Aizawa K, Hatakeyama K. Tumor spread and outcome of treatment in primary esophageal small cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 1997; 64:130-4. [PMID: 9047250 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199702)64:2<130::aid-jso8>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most effective treatment for patients with esophageal small cell carcinoma has not yet been established because of the overall extremely poor prognosis regardless of the mode of treatment. The role of esophagectomy has been controversial in the management of patients with this disease. METHODS The clinicopathologic characteristics of 13 patients with primary esophageal small cell carcinoma were retrospectively studied and the prognostic significance of various factors with respect to esophagectomy were evaluated. RESULTS Lymph node metastases and distant metastases were found at the time of presentation in 92.3 and 46.2%, respectively. Two of nine patients treated by surgical resection for local-regional disease survived >5 years after radical esophagectomy with a projected 5-year survival rate of 22.2%. The remaining 4/13 patients were treated by nonsurgical modalities, but died of the disease within 10 months. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was detected between the survival curves of the two groups of patients. CONCLUSION Radical esophagectomy may be an effective treatment modality in improving survival and the odds of a cure in patients with local-regional small cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishimaki
- The First Department of Surgery, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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