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Takizawa T, Robinson JM. Correlative fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in tissues. Methods Cell Biol 2012; 111:37-57. [PMID: 22857922 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416026-2.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy has meant different things over the years; currently, this term refers to imaging the same exact structures with two or more imaging modalities. This commonly involves combining fluorescence and electron microscopy. Much of the recent work related to correlative microscopy has been done using cell culture models. However, many biological questions cannot be addressed in these models, but require instead the 3-dimensional organization of cells found in tissues. Herein, we discuss some of the issues related to correlative microscopy of tissues including the major reporter systems presently available for correlative microscopy. We present data from our own work in which we have focused on the use of ultrathin cryosections of tissues as the substrate for immunolabeling to combine immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of the same sub-cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Sjöström M, Thornell LE, Cedergren E. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy in the study of the fine structure of myofilaments. J Microsc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1973.tb04672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harvey DMR, Hall JL, Flowers TJ. The use of freeze-substitution in the preparation of plant tissue for ion localization studies. J Microsc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1976.tb02438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fléchon JE. Sperm glycoproteins of the boar, bull, rabbit, and ram: I. Acrosomal glycoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1120020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kobayakawa M, Iwata H, Brown KS, Kimata K. Abnormal collagen fibrillogenesis in epiphyseal cartilage of CMD (cartilage matrix deficiency) mouse. COLLAGEN AND RELATED RESEARCH 1985; 5:137-47. [PMID: 4006426 DOI: 10.1016/s0174-173x(85)80035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Light and electron microscopic observations on the structure of epiphyseal cartilages in the cmd/cmd mice, which had genetically failed to synthesize cartilage-characteristic proteoglycan but were normal in type II collagen synthesis, showed apparent abnormalities of collagen fibrils: e.g. increase in the diameter, appearance of periodic banding patterns and bundle-formation of collagen fibrils. These findings suggest that cartilage-characteristic proteoglycan normally limits the lateral growth of collagen fibrils and affects collagen fibrillogenesis in vivo.
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Chapter 11 Immunolabeling of Frozen Thin Sections and Its Application to the Study of the Biogenesis of Epithelial Cell Plasma Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Davis WL, Jone RG, Knight JP, Hagler HK. An electron microscopic histochemical and X-ray microprobe study of spherites in a mussel. Tissue Cell 1982; 14:61-7. [PMID: 6178185 DOI: 10.1016/0040-8166(82)90007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopic, histochemical and X-ray analytical microprobe techniques were used to study the inorganic-organic relationship in the spherites (calcospherules) from the mantle, i.e. subadjacent to the outer mantle epithelium, of the fresh-water mussel Amblema. These structures were shown to contain calcium which could be chelated by the flotation of sections on solutions of either formic acid or ethylene glycol bis-(beta-amino ethyl ether)-N, N1-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA), Analysis of both non-chelated and sections revealed a significant sulfur peak. Chelated spherites were also intensely stained with acid phosphotungstic acid (PTA), Such data is indicative of the presence of an organic glycoprotein (proteoglycan) matrix which could serve to bind mineral ions, thus forming organic-inorganic aggregates for calcium transport and homeostasis. In this regard, the spherites are analogous to both calcium phosphate containing mitochondrial granules and the initial calcification sites in vertebrate mineralizing tissues.
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Abstract
Ultrathin frozen sections can be cut smoothly from many fixed and appropriately treated specimens. To use such sections for immunochemical localization of intracellular antigens, fixation conditions must be selected to optimize at least three variables, namely, preservation of ultrastructure, preservation of antigenicity and retention of accessibility of the antigen to the antibody. Furthermore, staining of the sections must be such that both the immunolabels and structures are clearly recognized. Our efforts to attain these goals are described in relation to their historical background. Although there are still problems to be solved and improvements to be made, we now consider that cryoultramicrotomy has reached the stage of being useful in studying many questions which will not be easily approached otherwise.
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Böhm KJ. Gefrier-Ultramikrotomie: Entwicklungsstand und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten (mit Beispielen aus der Hefecytologie). Acta Histochem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(80)80083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schiller A, Taugner R. Cryo-ultramicrotomy after coating of the cut surface of the tissue block with carbon and metals before sectioning. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1979; 62:153-7. [PMID: 500401 DOI: 10.1007/bf00493316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Working under improvised conditions it is shown that coating of the cut surface of a frozen tissue block with metal and carbon improves, when applied prior to each cutting, the sectioning properties and the handling of the subsequent ultrathin cryosection.
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Cantin M, Timm-Kennedy M, El-Khatib E, Huet M, Yunge L. Ultrastructural cytochemistry of atrial muscle cells. VI. Comparative study of specific granules in right and left atrium of various animal species. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1979; 193:55-69. [PMID: 760596 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091930105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tsuji S. Ultracryotomy of nerve-electroplaque synapses for immunocytochemistry. JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY 1978; 7:381-9. [PMID: 351146 DOI: 10.1007/bf01177000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to carry out ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase at cholinergic synapses, ultrathin frozen sections of aldehyde-fixed electric organs of Electrophorus and Torpedo were obtained by a modified ultracryotome technique. Dry frozen sections, picked up with rabbit serum and negatively stained, revealed, in the postsynaptic regions of the neuro-electroplaque junction, the presence of numerous rod-like or pin-headed protrusions (30 X 40 A) attached perpendicularly at 60 A intervals to the hydrophobic lamina of the plasma membrane, forming a comb-like structure oriented toward the synaptic cleft. A possible correlation is suggested between this comb-like structure and the 'acetylcholine receptors' observed by other authors with high resolution electron microscopy either after classical preparative techniques or after freeze-etching, of the postsynaptic membrane of vertebrae cholinergic synapses.
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Kuhlmann WD, Viron A. Diaminobenzidine cytochemistry in cryo-ultramicrotomy for the detection of peroxidases. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1977; 54:331-7. [PMID: 340431 DOI: 10.1007/bf00508275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rat erythrocytes and lymphoid cells were fixed by glutaraldehyde and encapsulated in bovine serum albumin plus rabbit IgG globulins for cryo-ultramicrotomy. A technical procedure is described by which endogenous peroxidases of erythrocytes in ultrathin frozen sections were detected by hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine as hydrogen donor. Modifications of this classical cytochemical procedure proved also useful in cryoultramicrotomy for immunoperoxidase labeling of antigenic determinants in rabbit IgG globulins which have been crosslinked within the supporting matrix of cells.
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Abstract
In the past, the techniques of electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction have both been very informative about the ultrastructure of the muscle myofibril But X-ray diffraction patterns are difficult to interpret unambiguously and until now specimen preservation in plastic embedded muscle has been sufficiently poor to make it difficult to use electron micrographs of muscle as a means of interpreting the available X-ray diffraction evidence. The possibility of using ultrathin sections of frozen muscle, in which the disruptive steps of chemical dehydration and plastic embedding can be avoided, promises to help to bridge the information gap between present X-ray and electron microscope results. For this reason we here review the application of the cryosectioning technique to muscle, we assess the technique in terms of the improvements in preservation which have so far been obtained and which might be expected and we discuss some of the many potential advantages and uses of this technique for studies of muscle ultrastructure and function. It is concluded that this technique should be developed vigorously since it promises to play a very important role in muscle research in the future.
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Benchimol S, Cantin M. Ultrastructural cytochemistry of the human adrenal medulla. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1977; 54:9-26. [PMID: 410771 DOI: 10.1007/bf00493325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A cytochemical study of the human adrenal medulla showed that it is made up of two types, the adrenaline (A-) and noradrenaline (N-) storing cells. A-and N-storing granules were argentaphobic when ultra-thin sections of Araldite-embedded medulla were stained according to the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate technique of Thiery. A small amount of glycogen (which disappeared after digestion with alpha amylase) in the form of B-particles, as well as lysosomes were, however, visualized by this technique. The entire core of A granules was markedly positive after ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, glycol methacrylate (GMA-) embedded medullae were stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at a low pH (O.3). The N granules, in contrast, were mostly unreactive. PTA stained a large part of the Golgi complex of A cells, whereas it generally had no such effect on that of the N cells. In both cell types, the cell coat, lysosomes and multivesicular bodies reacted to PTA. The periodic acid schiff (PAS) technique showed A but not N granules in semithin sections of GMA-or Araldite-embedded medullae. The PTA and PAS stains were abolished by acetylation, restored by saponification, unchanged by methylation and greatly diminished by sulfation or by digestion with beta glucuronidase after oxidation by perchloric acid. These results indicate that in man the A granules and the Golgi complex of A cells, unlike the same structures in N cells, are rich in glycoproteins.
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Landis WJ, Hauschka BT, Rogerson CA, Glimcher MJ. Electron microscopic observations of bone tissue prepared by ultracryomicrotomy. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1977; 59:185-206. [PMID: 68122 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(77)80079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cantin M, Benchimol S, Castonguay Y, Berlinguet JC, Huet M. Ultrastructural cytochemistry of atrial muscle cells. V. Characterization of specific granules in the human left atrium. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1975; 52:179-92. [PMID: 50460 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(75)80110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cummins JM, Loper MN. Immersion fixation of rapidly frozen, untreated tissues and suspensions of cells including spermatozoa. J Microsc 1975; 104:121-5. [PMID: 1104851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1975.tb04011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small pieces of tissue, and cell suspensions in plastic artificial insemination (AI) 'straws', were frozen rapidly in Freon-12 at -155 degrees C, without pre-treatment. Peripheral fragments were thawed directly in 2% glutaraldehyde at 0 degrees C, and processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Preservation of ultrastructure was satisfactory, and freezing artifacts were minimal.
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Bonucci E. The organic-inorganic relationships in bone matrix undergoing osteoclastic resorption. CALCIFIED TISSUE RESEARCH 1974; 16:13-36. [PMID: 4141275 DOI: 10.1007/bf02008210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Boll HU, Reb G, Taugner R. Synthetic coating: an improvement in ultracryotomy. EXPERIENTIA 1974; 30:1103-4. [PMID: 4416036 DOI: 10.1007/bf01939034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Doty SB, Lee CW, Banfield WG. A method for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections from fresh or glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1974; 6:383-93. [PMID: 4136488 DOI: 10.1007/bf01012431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Huet M, Benchimol S, Castonguay Y, Cantin M. Ultrastructural cytochemistry of atrial muscle cells. III. Reactivity of specific granules in man. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1974; 41:87-105. [PMID: 4443304 DOI: 10.1007/bf00499124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bonucci E, Derenzini M, Marinozzi V. The organic-inorganic relationship in calcified mitochondria. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1973; 59:185-211. [PMID: 4127538 PMCID: PMC2110912 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.59.1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimentally induced calcification within mitochondria has been studied electron rnicroscopically. Cells investigated comprise hepatic cells damaged by CCl(4) intoxication, myocardial cells damaged by prolonged dihydrotachysterol (DHT) administration, and cells from skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) damaged by DHT sensibilization and local injury. Cells from a human bowel carcinoma were studied too. Two types of intramitochondrial inorganic inclusion have been found. The first consists of clusters of apatite-like, needle-shaped crystals (crystalline aggregates), the second of clusters of very fine granules (granular aggregates). The former have been found mainly in mitochondria in apparently normal myocardial and muscular cells, the latter in mitochondria of degenerated hepatic, neoplastic, and myocardial cells. Crystalline aggregates are closely related to the membranes of cristae at first, but they later spread to occupy the whole mitochondrial matrix. Granular aggregates are initially found in the mitochondrial matrix near, but perhaps not touching, cristae; by growing they come into close contact with cristal membranes. Both types of aggregate show intrinsic electron opacity, which disappears after formic acid decalcification. Only the crystalline aggregates give an electron diffraction pattern of crystallinity. Uranium and lead staining of decalcified sections shows that both types of aggregate are intimately connected with an organic substrate. The substrate of crystalline aggregates consists of very thin, elongated structures shaped like the inorganic crystals. The substrate of granular aggregates consists of amorphous material gathered in clusters, with the same roundish shape and intercristal position as the inorganic granules. Both types of substrate are stained by phosphotungstic acid at low pH and by silver nitrate-methenamine after periodic acid oxidation. These results show that the organic content of the substrates includes glycoproteins; they have been confirmed by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method under the optical microscope. These findings have been discussed in relation to the recent discovery of organic Ca(2+)-binding sites in mitochondria and to the general problems of soft tissue calcification.
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Abstract
Ultracryotomy of fixed tissue has been investigated for a number of years but, so far, success has been limited for several reasons. The simple technique herein reported allows the ultracryotomy not only of a variety of tissues but also of single cells in suspension, with a preservation and visualization of ultrastructural detail at least equivalent to that obtained with conventional embedding procedures. In this technique, sucrose is infused into glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue pieces before freezing for the purpose of controlling the sectioning consistency. By choosing the proper combinations of sucrose concentration and sectioning temperature, a wide variety of tissues can be smoothly sectioned. Isolated cells, suspended in a sucrose solution, are sectioned by sectioning the frozen droplet of the suspension. A small liquid droplet of a saturated or near-saturated sucrose solution, suspended on the tip of an eyelash probe, is used to transfer frozen sections from the knife edge onto a grid substrate or a water surface. Upon melting of the sections on the surface of the sucrose droplet, they are spread flat and smooth due to surface tension. When the section of a suspension of single cells melts, individual sections of cells remain confined to the small area of the droplet surface. These devices make it possible to cut wide dry sections, and to avoid flotation on dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. With appropriate staining procedures, well-preserved ultrastructural detail can be observed. The technique is illustrated with a number of tissue preparations and with suspensions of erythrocytes and bacterial cells.
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Morgenstern E, Werner G, Neumann K, Hufnagl D. [Freeze ultramicrotomy of bone marrow]. BLUT 1973; 26:250-60. [PMID: 4700224 DOI: 10.1007/bf01631789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Weavers BA. Combined transmission electron microscopy and X-ray micro-analysis of ultrathin frozen dried sections--an investigation to determine the normal elemental composition of mammalian tissue. J Microsc 1973; 97:331-41. [PMID: 4353335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1973.tb03788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Weavers BA. The potentiality of EMMA-4, the analytical electron microscope, in histochemistry: a review. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1973; 5:173-83. [PMID: 4575647 DOI: 10.1007/bf01012560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dermer GB. Ultrastructural and certain cytochemical aspects of plasma membranes within glycol methacrylate sections. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1973; 42:221-33. [PMID: 4122100 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(73)90051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kuhlmann WD, Viron A. Cross-linked albumin as supporting matrix in ultrathin cryo microtomy. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1972; 41:385-94. [PMID: 4636027 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(72)90078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bernier R, Iglesias R, Simard R. Detection of DNA by tritiated actinomycin D on ultrathin frozen sections. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1972; 53:798-808. [PMID: 4554990 PMCID: PMC2108779 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.53.3.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin frozen sections of fresh liver tissue were floated on actinomycin D-(3)H. Quantitative high resolution radioautography was performed to determine the value of the method for detection of DNA by electron microscopy. A complete series of control experiments involving various treatments of frozen sections with enzymes (pronase, DNase) and 0.1 N HCl were also carried out to determine the specificity of the labeling. The results indicate the value of the method for detection of DNA directly on ultrathin frozen sections. Short treatments with pronase followed by DNase reduce the labeling to zero, whereas removal of chromosomal proteins with HCl increases the amount of radioactivity in the nucleus considerably. The results are discussed in view of the future applications opened by ultracryotomy, since radioautographic detection of various macromolecules and cellular components by labeled compound with specific affinities will now be possible.
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Babaï F, Bernhard W. [Cytochemical analysis of polysaccharides by phosphotungstic acid treatment of ultrathin frozen sections]. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 37:601-17. [PMID: 4109359 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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