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Autophagic dysfunction in the liver enhances the expression of insoluble nuclear proteins 14-3-3ζ and importin α4. Life Sci 2022; 298:120491. [PMID: 35339509 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Autophagic dysfunction is associated with the progression of various liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, serum markers for evaluating autophagic function have not been reported. Highly insoluble nuclear proteins participate in many cellular functions and are potential diagnostic markers for cancer. We performed a proteomic analysis of the hepatic nuclear insoluble fraction to identify novel autophagy-related diagnostic biomarkers. MAIN METHODS The insoluble nuclear protein fraction was extracted from the livers of Atg7F/F, Atg7F/F:alb-Cre (hepatocyte-specific autophagy-deficient mice), C57BL/6 J, and KKAy (NAFLD model) mice. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Protein spots were identified using mass spectrometry. The localization of proteins in hepatocytes was verified by immunofluorescence using a confocal microscope. KEY FINDINGS The levels of insoluble nuclear proteins 14-3-3ζ and importin α4 were upregulated following hepatic autophagy dysfunction and were detectable in serum. Under normal conditions, these proteins are mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, whereas autophagic dysfunction induces their translocation to the nucleus. Incubation with an autophagy inhibitor up-regulated these proteins expression in the insoluble nuclear fraction of primary hepatocytes. Treatment with EGF or insulin enhanced 14-3-3ζ expression in the nuclear insoluble fraction; in contrast, the addition of rapamycin downregulated 14-3-3ζ expression. Importin α4 expression was increased in the nuclear insoluble fraction after incubation with tunicamycin or hydrogen peroxide. SIGNIFICANCE Accumulation of 14-3-3ζ and importin α4 as nuclear-insoluble proteins may be associated with autophagic dysfunction. Our findings indicate that these proteins might be useful diagnostic biomarkers for liver diseases with autophagic disorders.
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Flitcroft JG, Verheyen J, Vemulkar T, Welbourne EN, Rossi SH, Welsh SJ, Cowburn RP, Stewart GD. Early detection of kidney cancer using urinary proteins: a truly non-invasive strategy. BJU Int 2021; 129:290-303. [PMID: 34570419 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review urinary protein biomarkers as potential non-invasive, easily obtainable, early diagnostic tools in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A PubMed database search was performed up to the year 2020 to identify primary studies reporting potential urinary protein biomarkers for RCC. Separate searches were conducted to identify studies describing appropriate methods of developing cancer screening programmes and detection of cancer biomarkers. RESULTS Several urinary protein biomarkers are under validation for RCC diagnostics, e.g. aquaporin-1, perilipin-2, carbonic anhydrase-9, Raf-kinase inhibitory protein, nuclear matrix protein-22, 14-3-3 Protein β/α and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. However, none has yet been validated or approved for clinical use due to low sensitivity or specificity, inconsistencies in appropriate study design, or lack of external validation. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of biomarkers' feasibility, sample preparation and storage, biomarker validation, and the application of novel technologies may provide a solution that maximises the potential for a truly non-invasive biomarker in early RCC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan G Flitcroft
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeroen Verheyen
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarun Vemulkar
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma N Welbourne
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabrina H Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell P Cowburn
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wan J, Zou S, Hu M, Zhu R, Xu J, Jiao Y, Fan S. Thoc1 inhibits cell growth via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2321-7. [PMID: 24682263 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
THO complex 1 (Thoc1) is a human nuclear matrix protein that binds to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (pRb). While some studies suggest that Thoc1 has characteristics of a tumor suppressor protein, whether Thoc1 can inhibit lung cancer cell growth is not clear. In the present study, we observed that Thoc1 is lowly expressed in the lung cancer cell lines SPC-A1 and NCI-H1975. Then, we investigated the potential effects of Thoc1 on lung cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis after stable transfection of these lines with a Thoc1 expression vector. We found that overexpression of Thoc1 can inhibit cell proliferation, induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis. Further investigation indicated that overexpression of Thoc1 is involved in the inhibition of cell cycle-related proteins cyclin A1 and B1 and of pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3. In vivo experiments showed that tumors overexpressing Thoc1 display a slower growth rate than the control xenografts and show reduced expression of the protein Ki-67, which localized on the nuclear membrane. Taken together, our data show that in lung cancer cells, Thoc1 inhibits cell growth through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These results indicate that Thoc1 may be used as a novel therapeutic target for human lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Wan
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shitao Zou
- Oncology Institute, Wuxi Fourth People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, P.R. China
| | - Mengshang Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Ran Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Saijun Fan
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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Debald M, Wolfgarten M, Walgenbach-Brünagel G, Kuhn W, Braun M. Non-invasive proteomics-thinking about personalized breast cancer screening and treatment. EPMA J 2010. [PMID: 23199085 PMCID: PMC3405342 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-010-0039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of breast cancer in potentially curable stages improves prognosis and consecutively reduces mortality of breast cancer patients. Established screening programs have an unfavorable connotation due to significant rates of false negative as well as false positive results leading to overdiagnosis and overtherapy. The combination of a non-invasive breast-cancer-suspectability-biomarker with established clinical diagnostics could help to increase the acceptance of population based breast cancer screening programs by creating an individual risk profile, which is irrespective of mammography quality and interpretation. Recently, non-invasive proteomic biomarkers obtained from blood, saliva or nipple aspiration fluid have been extensively investigated and might play a future role in the personalized management of breast cancer screening. A simple, robust and inexpensive, non-invasive test for screening and diagnosis could easily be performed in every medical practice leading to an affordable, high-throughput instrument. This review describes recently investigated proteomic screening biomarkers that could improve the early diagnosis of breast cancer in the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Debald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wolfgarten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gisela Walgenbach-Brünagel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Walther Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Braun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
The functional significance of changes in nuclear structure and organization in transformed cells remains one of the most enigmatic questions in cancer biology. In this review, we discuss relationships between nuclear organization and transcription in terms of the three-dimensional arrangement of genes in the interphase cancer nucleus and the regulatory functions of nuclear matrix proteins. We also analyse the role of nuclear topology in the generation of gene fusions. We speculate that this type of multi-layered analysis will one day provide a framework for a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic origins of cancer and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Lever
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
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McNeil BK, Getzenberg RH. Urinary protein biomarkers of cancer. EXPERT OPINION ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2009; 3:263-73. [PMID: 23488462 DOI: 10.1517/17530050902824811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several cancer biomarkers are now in use, few have the necessary sensitivity and specificity to eliminate the need for invasive diagnostic procedures. With the expansion of proteomics, new technologies have been used to study various cancers, resulting in the discovery of several potential urine biomarkers. Urine is an ideal medium for the detection of biomarkers because of the non-invasive means of collecting samples and demonstrated shedding of cells, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids and metabolic products into urine during various pathological processes. OBJECTIVE To review the contemporary literature regarding urinary protein markers of cancer. METHODS A PubMed search for 'urinary protein biomarkers of cancer' revealed 4679 scientific publications. The search was limited to studies published over the last 5 years and reviewed pertinent findings regarding biomarker evaluation and discovery. RESULTS Several urinary protein biomarkers have been described for urologic, gynecologic, gastrointestinal and neurologic tumors. Some have been selected for use in clinical practice, whereas others have been abandoned owing to inconclusive follow-up studies. CONCLUSION Several potential urinary protein markers for cancer exist, yet multi-institutional, prospective trials are needed to validate results before implementation in clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Keith McNeil
- Post-Doctoral Fellow James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Marburg 110, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Barboro P, D'Arrigo C, Repaci E, Bagnasco L, Orecchia P, Carnemolla B, Patrone E, Balbi C. Proteomic analysis of the nuclear matrix in the early stages of rat liver carcinogenesis: identification of differentially expressed and MAR-binding proteins. Exp Cell Res 2008; 315:226-39. [PMID: 19000672 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is characterized by definite changes in the protein composition of the nuclear matrix (NM). The interactions of chromatin with the NM occur via specific DNA sequences called MARs (matrix attachment regions). In the present study, we applied a proteomic approach along with a Southwestern assay to detect both differentially expressed and MAR-binding NM proteins, in persistent hepatocyte nodules (PHN) in respect with normal hepatocytes (NH). In PHN, the NM undergoes changes both in morphology and in protein composition. We detected over 500 protein spots in each two dimensional map and 44 spots were identified. Twenty-three proteins were differentially expressed; among these, 15 spots were under-expressed and 8 spots were over-expressed in PHN compared to NH. These changes were synchronous with several modifications in both NM morphology and the ability of NM proteins to bind nuclear RNA and/or DNA containing MARs sequences. In PHN, we observed a general decrease in the expression of the basic proteins that bound nuclear RNA and the over-expression of two species of Mw 135 kDa and 81 kDa and pI 6.7-7.0 and 6.2-7.4, respectively, which exclusively bind to MARs. These results suggest that the deregulated expression of these species might be related to large-scale chromatin reorganization observed in the process of carcinogenesis by modulating the interaction between MARs and the scaffold structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Barboro
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10-16132 Genova, Italy
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Abstract
There are few biomarkers that have been developed which have proven clinical utility for the detection and prognosis of cancer. Cancer is diagnosed today, in large part, by examining cells under the microscope and determining the shape and texture of the nucleus. The molecular underpinnings of this hallmark of cancer are the components of the nuclear matrix. Utilizing proteomics focused on this subset of proteins, biomarkers have been identified that are specific for cancer types including prostate, colon and bladder cancer. These cancer biomarkers now serve as the basis of assays which can specifically identify individuals with cancer by sampling their blood and/or urine. In addition, these may serve as potential therapeutic targeting or imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert H. Getzenberg
- Correspondence to: Robert H. Getzenberg, PhD, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Marburg 121, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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Walgenbach-Brunagel G, Burger B, Leman ES, Walgenbach KJ, Tolba R, Heukamp L, Hirner A, Getzenberg RH. The use of a colon cancer associated nuclear antigen CCSA-2 for the blood based detection of colon cancer. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:286-94. [PMID: 18044711 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cannon GM, Balasudramani M, Getzenberg RH. Characterization of nuclear matrix protein alterations associated with renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2007; 69:1227-30. [PMID: 17572229 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs), which constitute the nuclear skeleton, play a role in regulating gene expression and are thought to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Five NMPs specific to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been previously identified, RCCA 1 to 5. Our aim was to identify the sequence of these novel NMPs that are associated with RCC. METHODS NMPs were extracted from five conventional clear cell RCC specimens from patients undergoing surgical excision for presumed RCC. The RCCA proteins identified were analyzed by matrix-assisted light desorption ionization mass spectrometry to determine their peptide mass fingerprint. This fingerprint was then analyzed by searching the Mascot and National Institutes of Health BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) databases to determine protein identification. RESULTS Only RCCA-1 and RCCA-2 were able to be consistently identified from each tumor specimen by the reverse staining method necessary to perform mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry peptide mass fingerprinting revealed that RCCA-1 appears to be a differentially spliced form of nucleoporin p54 that has been identified in endometrial carcinoma. RCCA-2 was identified as an albumin-like protein. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of nucleoporin p54 and albumin alterations in RCC. The identification of an abnormal nucleoporin in RCC suggests that alterations in nuclear transport might play a role in the development of this disease. The alterations in these NMPs suggest future areas for investigation in identifying diagnostic markers of, or therapeutic targets for, RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Cannon
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3232, USA.
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Abstract
The DNA in eukaryotic genome is compartmentalized into various domains by a series of loops tethered onto the base of nuclear matrix. Scaffold/ Matrix attachment regions (S/MAR) punctuate these attachment sites and govern the nuclear architecture by establishing chromatin boundaries. In this context, specific proteins that interact with and bind to MAR sequences called MAR binding proteins (MARBPs), are of paramount importance, as these sequences spool the proteins that regulate transcription, replication, repair and recombination. Recent evidences also suggest a role for these cis-acting elements in viral integration, replication and transcription, thereby affecting host immune system. Owing to the complex nature of these nucleotide sequences, less is known about the MARBPs that bind to and bring about diverse effects on chromatin architecture and gene function. Several MARBPs have been identified and characterized so far and the list is growing. The fact that most the MARBPs exist in a co-repressor/ co-activator complex and bring about gene regulation makes them quintessential for cellular processes. This participation in gene regulation means that any perturbation in the regulation and levels of MARBPs could lead to disease conditions, particularly those caused by abnormal cell proliferation, like cancer. In the present chapter, we discuss the role of MARs and MARBPs in eukaryotic gene regulation, recombination, transcription and viral integration by altering the local chromatin structure and their dysregulation in disease manifestation
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Kaya K, Ayan S, Gokce G, Kilicarslan H, Yildiz E, Gultekin EY. Urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 for diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 39:25-9. [PMID: 15764267 DOI: 10.1080/00365590410002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of positive urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) values, which are currently used to detect transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Urinary NMP22 values were determined preoperatively in 41 patients in whom a solid renal mass had been detected using CT and who were scheduled for radical nephrectomy; 38 of these patients were diagnosed with RCC. Two patients had xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and one had metastasis of a small cell adenocarcinoma to the kidney; these patients were excluded from the study. A total of 30 patients with kidney stones and simple renal cysts were used as controls. RESULTS The urinary NMP22 values of the RCC patients were significantly higher than those of the controls. Of the 38 patients with RCC, 23 (60.5%) had positive urinary NMP22 values > or =10 U/ml. There were four measurements above this cut-off level in the control group. Urinary NMP22 values increased with an increase in pathologic tumor stage, but the correlation was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between grade and urinary NMP22 or between tumor burden and urinary NMP22. CONCLUSIONS The urinary NMP22 test may help to diagnose RCC and may also result in an increase in the incidental discovery of RCC. As elevated urinary NMP22 levels have also been found to occur in RCC, patients with suspected bladder cancer and positive urinary NMP22 levels should be more broadly evaluated. Specific NMP assays for renal tumor cells may increase the utility of the test for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaya
- Department of Urology, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
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Brünagel G, Schoen RE, Getzenberg RH. Colon cancer specific nuclear matrix protein alterations in human colonic adenomatous polyps. J Cell Biochem 2004; 91:365-74. [PMID: 14743395 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most colon cancers arise within preexisting adenomatous polyps or adenomas. The slow evolution from the non-invasive premalignant lesion, the adenomatous polyp, to invasive cancer supports a strategy of early detection. Recently, we identified unique nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) specific for colon cancer (CC2, CC3, CC4, CC5). Most of the NMPs identified are common to all cell types, but several identified NMPs are tissue and cell line specific. The objective of this study is to describe and characterize the NMP profile of premalignant adenomatous colon polyps. Specifically when in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence four specific colon cancer NMPs, previously described, appear. Using two-dimensional (2-D) gel analysis 20 colon polyps (one juvenile polyp, six tubular adenoma (TA), seven tubulovillous adenoma (TVA), six TVA with focal high-grade dysplasia (HGD), were analyzed for the presence of four (CC2, CC3, CC4, CC5) specific NMPs. CC2 was not seen in any of the premalignant polyps. CC5 was present in only two premalignant TVA with HGD and in one TA. CC3 and CC4 were present in most adenomas. None of the NMPs were seen in the juvenile polyp, which is not considered to be a precursor of colon cancer. CC2 and CC5 are NMPs expressed at the junction of an advanced adenoma and invasive colorectal cancer. CC3 and CC4 are expressed earlier in the evolution of adenomatous polyps. Development of an assay to these proteins may serve as a new method for early detection of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Brünagel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, USA
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Abstract
Molecular markers for renal cell carcinoma could guide early detection of localized disease in defined populations at high risk for the disease or early disease recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. In addition, sensitive and specific markers may provide surrogate end points for clinical trials of treatment and/or disease prevention. Powerful techniques of genomic and proteomic analysis of human renal carcinoma cell lines, tumor samples, and biological fluids, such as plasma and urine, obtained from patients with renal cell carcinoma, are likely to identify candidate markers. Careful selection among early candidate markers and further testing in independent patient populations are required for marker validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Skates
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Ozer G, Altinel M, Kocak B, Yazicioglu A, Gonenc F. Value of urinary NMP-22 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2002; 60:593-7. [PMID: 12385914 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the preoperative and postoperative levels of urinary nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP-22) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and compare them with those of control patients. We also investigated and reported the relationship of NMP-22 with the pathologic grade and stage of RCC tumors. Urinary NMP-22 is currently used for monitoring patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. METHODS The preoperative and postoperative urinary NMP-22 levels were measured in 23 patients with RCC and 20 control patients in whom solid renal masses were ruled out by either computed tomography or renal ultrasonography. The control group consisted of patients with benign conditions from the urology, gastroenterologic surgery, and cardiovascular surgery departments. Of the 23 patients with RCC, 21 underwent radical nephrectomy and 2 underwent partial nephrectomy. RESULTS The preoperative urinary NMP-22 levels were significantly higher in the RCC group than in the control group (10.65 +/- 5.49 U/mL and 4.64 +/- 3.10 U/mL, respectively, P <0.001). Ten days postoperatively, the urinary NMP-22 levels had decreased from 10.65 +/- 5.49 U/mL to 5.98 +/- 3.86 U/mL in the RCC group, which was statistically significant (P <0.001). The postoperative urinary NMP-22 levels were not different from those of the control group (5.98 +/- 3.86 U/mL versus 4.64 +/- 3.10 U/mL, P = 0.176). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are promising for the use of urinary NMP-22 in the evaluation of patients who are at risk of RCC because the relationship between urinary NMP-22 and the presence of RCC has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Ozer
- Department of Urology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the incidence of positive urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) values associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the kidney. Currently, urinary NMP22 is used to detect recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. METHODS From May 1997 to March 1998, urinary NMP22 values were obtained from 65 patients who had undergone either computed tomography scanning of the abdomen or renal ultrasound. Of the 65, 32 presented with solid renal masses. These patients underwent radical or partial nephrectomy; subsequent pathologic examination revealed that 30 had RCC. Two patients had oncocytomas. The remaining 33 patients presented with blunt abdominal trauma or abdominal pain or for follow-up for a urologic problem (a kidney stone or benign renal cyst). These patients had no evidence of renal malignancy on imaging and were used as controls. RESULTS The urinary NMP22 values of patients with RCC were significantly higher than the values found in the control group (13.69 +/- 8.40 U/mL versus 3.03 +/- 2.70 U/mL, P <0.0078). Of the 30 patients with RCC, 12 (40%) had positive urinary NMP22 values of 10 U/mL or above. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference between the NMP22 values of the two groups (P <0.005). There were two false-positive NMP22 values in the 35 control patients. CONCLUSIONS Urinary NMP22 values used to detect transitional cell carcinoma in individuals with previously diagnosed bladder cancer should be more broadly evaluated, since elevations have also been found to occur in RCC of the kidney. This finding may result in an increase in the incidental discovery of RCC. Future, more specific, NMP assays may hold promise for the detection of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA
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