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Aihara S, Torisu K, Uchida Y, Imazu N, Nakano T, Kitazono T. Spermidine from arginine metabolism activates Nrf2 and inhibits kidney fibrosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:676. [PMID: 37380734 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney metabolism may be greatly altered in chronic kidney disease. Here we report that arginine metabolism is the most altered in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced fibrosis of the kidneys in metabolomic analysis. Spermidine is the most increased metabolite of arginine. In human glomerulonephritis, the amount of spermidine shown by immunostaining is associated with the amount of fibrosis. In human proximal tubule cells, spermidine induces nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Subsequently, fibrotic signals, such as transforming growth factor β1 secretion, collagen 1 mRNA, and oxidative stress, represented by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential is suppressed by spermidine. UUO kidneys of Arg2 knockout mice show less spermidine and significantly exacerbated fibrosis compared with wild-type mice. Nrf2 activation is reduced in Arg2 knockout UUO kidneys. Spermidine treatment prevents significant fibrotic progression in Arg2 knockout mice. Spermidine is increased in kidney fibrosis, but further increases in spermidine may reduce fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Aihara
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yushi Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Imazu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Akgül T, Huri E, Yagmurdur H, Ayyıldız A, Üstün H, Germiyanoğlu C. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors attenuate renal tubular apoptosis after partial unilateral ureteral obstruction: An experimental study. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:15-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Quinlan MR, Docherty NG, Watson RWG, Fitzpatrick JM. Exploring mechanisms involved in renal tubular sensing of mechanical stretch following ureteric obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1-F11. [PMID: 18400870 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00576.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubular mechanical stretch is the key primary insult in obstructive nephropathy. This review addresses how the renal tubular epithelium senses and responds to mechanical stretch. Using data from renal and nonrenal systems, we describe how sensing of stretch initially occurs via the activation of ion channels and subsequent increases in intracellular calcium levels. Calcium influxes activate a number of adaptive and proinjury responses. Key among these are 1) the activation of Rho, consequent cytoskeletal rearrangements, and downstream increases in focal adhesion assembly; and 2) phospholipase activation and resultant mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. These early signaling events culminate in adaptive cellular coupling to the extracellular matrix, a process termed the cell strengthening response. Direct links can be made between increased expression of genes involved in the development of obstructive nephropathy and initial sensing of mechanical stretch. The review illustrates the repercussions of mechanical stretch as a renal stress stimulus, specific to ureteric obstruction, and provides an insight into how tubular responses to mechanical stretch are ultimately implicated in the development of obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Quinlan
- The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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Ito K, Chen J, Khodadadian JJ, Seshan SV, Eaton C, Zhao X, Vaughan ED, Lipkowitz M, Poppas DP, Felsen D. Liposome-mediated transfer of nitric oxide synthase gene improves renal function in ureteral obstruction in rats. Kidney Int 2005; 66:1365-75. [PMID: 15458429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective effect of nitric oxide has been demonstrated in several renal disease models. We augmented renal nitric oxide production by transfer of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene into rat kidney in controls and in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS The human iNOS gene was inserted into a pcDNA 3.1-backbone plasmid with the FLAG epitope (FLAG-iNOS). In vitro, transduction of FLAG-iNOS was confirmed by Western blot and Griess reaction. In vivo, we transfected either FLAG-iNOS or control plasmid (CMV-LacZ), using cationic liposomes. Urinary nitric oxide metabolites and immunohistochemistry confirmed iNOS transduction. Renal function was also assessed. RESULTS In vitro, increased iNOS expression was demonstrated in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, along with increased release of nitric oxide metabolites, NO(2)/NO(3). In vivo, FLAG-iNOS was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) up to 35 days after the transfection. Urine collection documented increased urinary NO(2)/NO(3). Immunohistochemistry localized iNOS to collecting ducts, distal tubules, and glomerulus of the injected kidney. Renal function measured up to 21 days after transfection in control animals was not significantly different between the two groups. In contrast, renal function after 24 hours of UUO was significantly improved in FLAG-iNOS-treated animals. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of liposome-mediated iNOS gene transfer into the kidney. Furthermore, the improvement of renal function in UUO demonstrates that the transfected iNOS gene is active and suggests that decreased iNOS activity contributes to the decreased renal function in UUO. This iNOS construct may have therapeutic utility in the pathophysiologic sequelae of UUO and other renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ito
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Ito K, Chen J, El Chaar M, Stern JM, Seshan SV, Khodadadian JJ, Richardson I, Hyman MJ, Vaughan ED, Poppas DP, Felsen D. Renal damage progresses despite improvement of renal function after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in adult rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F1283-93. [PMID: 15328069 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00441.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of renal damage after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) has been demonstrated, especially in neonatal rats. We evaluated renal function and renal damage after relief of 3-day UUO in five groups of adult rats: group 1, no treatment; group 2, 3-day UUO; groups 3-5, 3-day UUO followed by relief; group 3, 7-day relief; group 4, 14-day relief; and group 5, 28-day relief. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), tissue transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interstitial fibrosis and fibroblast expression, tubular apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and urinary nitrate/nitrite (NO(2)/NO(3)) were evaluated. RBF and GFR were decreased to <10% of baseline by 3 days of UUO. GFR and RBF in a previously obstructed kidney (POK) returned to baseline by 14 days after relief. Both tissue TGF-beta(1) and interstitial fibrosis were significantly higher in POK of groups 3-5 compared with groups 1 and 2 . In group 5, the numbers of infiltrating macrophages, fibroblasts, and apoptotic tubular cells were higher in POK compared with group 1. Urinary NO(2)/NO(3) was significantly higher than baseline from 3 to 27 days after relief of UUO. Expression of NOS isoforms was increased in tubules. As interstitial fibrosis contributes to decreased renal function, these results suggest that the acute recovery in function may be compromised in the long term by the progressive renal fibrosis which was found. Furthermore, pharmacological intervention at the time of relief of UUO, targeted to fibrotic processes, may contribute to long-term recovery of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ito
- Institute of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of New York, NY, USA
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Chou SY, Cai H, Pai D, Mansour M, Huynh P. Regional expression of cyclooxygenase isoforms in the rat kidney in complete unilateral ureteral obstruction. J Urol 2003; 170:1403-8. [PMID: 14501778 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000082964.24635.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway is activated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), contributing to renal hemodynamic alterations in different regions of the kidney. After the release of 24-hour UUO cortical vasoconstriction occurs but medullary hyperemia is seen. We examined the expression of the 2 COX isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 in different regions of the kidney in rats subjected to UUO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clearance experiments were performed after ureteral obstruction release in rats with 24-hour UUO or sham operated rats. COX-1 and COX-2 expression in the cortex and medulla were examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS After UUO release the glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were markedly lower in post-obstructed kidneys than in contralateral kidneys or in kidneys in sham operated rats (p <0.001). Western blot analysis showed that COX-2/beta-actin in the cortex of the obstructed kidney was 0.28 +/- 0.02 densitometry units, significantly lower than 0.67 +/- 0.12 densitometry units in the contralateral unobstructed kidney. In contrast, COX-2/beta-actin in the outer and inner medullae of the obstructed kidney was 7.85 +/- 1.09 and 2.51 +/- 0.14 densitometry units, significantly greater than 3.03 +/- 0.22 and 0.66 +/- 0.14 densitometry units, respectively, in the contralateral unobstructed kidney. The expression of COX-1/beta-actin in the obstructed kidney was similar to that in the contralateral unobstructed kidney in the cortex and medulla. CONCLUSIONS Renal COX-2 expression is markedly altered in UUO. Decreased cortical expression of COX-2 and markedly increased expression in the medulla may contribute to disparate regional hemodynamic alterations in UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyan-Yih Chou
- Department of Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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FITZGERALD JOHN, CHOU SHYANYIH, WAHID ABDUL, PORUSH JEROMEG. REGIONAL EXPRESSION OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN THE KIDNEY IN DOGS WITH UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200110000-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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FITZGERALD JOHN, CHOU SHYANYIH, WAHID ABDUL, PORUSH JEROMEG. REGIONAL EXPRESSION OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN THE KIDNEY IN DOGS WITH UNILATERAL URETERAL OBSTRUCTION. J Urol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)65824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JOHN FITZGERALD
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - SHYAN-YIH CHOU
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - ABDUL WAHID
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - JEROME G. PORUSH
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Miyajima A, Chen J, Poppas DP, Vaughan ED, Felsen D. Role of nitric oxide in renal tubular apoptosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int 2001; 59:1290-303. [PMID: 11260390 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The obstructed kidney in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is characterized by renal atrophy and tissue loss, which is mediated by renal tubular apoptosis. We sought to determine whether NO is involved in renal tubular apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were subjected to mechanical stretch, and apoptosis and cell size were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we studied UUO in mice lacking the gene for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS-/-) and their wild-type littermates. Tubular apoptosis and proliferation were detected by immunostaining. NOS activity and NOS expression were assessed by a citrulline assay and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Stretching-induced apoptosis in NRK-52E, which was reduced when NO was increased; conversely, stretch-induced apoptosis was increased when a NOS inhibitor was added to the cells. Stretched cells are larger and more apoptotic than unstretched cells. In UUO, the obstructed kidney of iNOS-/- mice exhibited more apoptotic renal tubules than the wild-type mice through 14 days of UUO. The obstructed kidney of iNOS-/- mice at day 3 showed more proliferative tubules compared with wild type. The obstructed kidney of wild-type mice exhibited higher total NOS activity until day 7 after UUO compared with iNOS-/- mice. However, the obstructed kidney of day 14 wild-type mice exhibited significantly lower iNOS activity and protein compared with the day 0 kidney. CONCLUSION These results suggest that mechanical stretch is related to renal tubular apoptosis and that NO plays a protective role in this system in UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miyajima
- Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Hegarty NJ, Young LS, Kirwan CN, O'Neill AJ, Bouchier-Hayes DM, Sweeney P, Watson RW, Fitzpatrick JM. Nitric oxide in unilateral ureteral obstruction: effect on regional renal blood flow. Kidney Int 2001; 59:1059-65. [PMID: 11231361 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590031059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ureteral obstruction (UO) is characterized by reduced blood flow and loss of tissue mass in the involved kidney(s). Vasoactive mediators interact to produce an initial hyperemia, followed by a sustained decrease in renal blood flow in the obstructed kidney. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play a central role in the acute hyperemic response to UO. Its role in the reduced perfusion of prolonged UO is less studied. METHODS Ureteral obstruction was achieved by ligation of the distal left ureter and maintained for 24 hours. Blood flow was studied in untreated animals and after the administration of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-mono-methyl L-arginine and the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. Tissue was collected for localization and quantitation of NOS. Serum and renal tissue L-arginine levels were measured in control and UO settings. RESULTS Blood flow in the obstructed kidney diminished to approximately 50% of control values after 24 hours of UO. NOS blockade led to a further decrease in blood flow. Supplementation with exogenous nitrates restored renal blood flow to levels approaching control values. Serum and tissue L-arginine levels did not change with UO. NOS expression was seen to increase with increasing duration of obstruction, with staining most pronounced in the renal tubules. CONCLUSIONS NO plays a vasodilatory role even in the hypoperfusion of prolonged UO. The administration of exogenous nitrates has a restorative effect on blood flow, suggesting therapeutic potential in UO.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Hegarty
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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MIYAJIMA AKIRA, CHEN JIE, KIRMAN IRENA, POPPAS DIXP, DARRACOTT VAUGHAN E, FELSEN DIANE. INTERACTION OF NITRIC OXIDE AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-??1 INDUCED BY ANGIOTENSIN II AND MECHANICAL STRETCH IN RAT RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200011000-00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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MIYAJIMA AKIRA, CHEN JIE, KIRMAN IRENA, POPPAS DIXP, DARRACOTT VAUGHAN E, FELSEN DIANE. INTERACTION OF NITRIC OXIDE AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β1 INDUCED BY ANGIOTENSIN II AND MECHANICAL STRETCH IN RAT RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AKIRA MIYAJIMA
- From the Department of Urology, Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - JIE CHEN
- From the Department of Urology, Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - IRENA KIRMAN
- From the Department of Urology, Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - DIX P. POPPAS
- From the Department of Urology, Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - E. DARRACOTT VAUGHAN
- From the Department of Urology, Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - DIANE FELSEN
- From the Department of Urology, Center for Pediatric Urology and Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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Abstract
Recent study has increased the understanding of the physiological processes occurring in obstructive uropathy, in particular the role played by vasoactive mediators and cellular mechanisms. There is an emphasis on developing effective and less invasive means of detection and treatment of ureteric obstruction, although it remains to be determined how the techniques currently being assessed will impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Young
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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