1
|
Kakutani S, Takeshima Y, Yamada Y, Fujimura T, Nagamoto S, Enomoto Y, Hakozaki Y, Kimura N, Teshima T, Akiyama Y, Sato Y, Kawai T, Yamada D, Kume H. Clinical significance and risk factors of urethrovesical anastomotic urinary leakage following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a multi-institutional study. BMC Urol 2021; 21:75. [PMID: 33941161 PMCID: PMC8091677 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a limited number of reports on the significance and risk factors of urethrovesical anastomotic urinary leakage (AUL) following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We aimed to analyze the clinical significance of AUL and evaluated its risk factors. Methods We conducted a multi-institutional study to review patients with prostate cancer undergoing RARP in three centers (The University of Tokyo Hospital, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, and Chiba Tokushukai Hospital). “Positive AUL” was defined as urinary extravasation at the anastomosis detected by post-operative cystogram and was further categorized into minor or major AUL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of AUL. Postoperative continence rates and time to achieve continence were also analyzed. Results A total of 942 patients underwent RARP for prostate cancer in 3 centers. Of these patients, a cystogram after the RARP procedure was not performed in 26 patients leaving 916 patients for the final analysis. AUL was observed in 56 patients (6.1%); 34 patients (3.7%) with minor AUL and 22 patients (2.4%) with major AUL. Patients with major AUL exhibited a significantly longer time to achieve continence than those without major AUL. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that longer console time (≥ 184 min) was significantly associated with overall AUL, and higher body mass index (≥ 25 g/kg2) was a significant predictor of both major and overall AUL. Conclusions The presence of major AUL was associated with the achievement of urinary continence, suggesting clinical relevance of its diagnosis by postoperative cystogram. A selective cystogram has been proposed for high-risk cases. Furthermore, identification of the risk factors of AUL will lead to optimal application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Kakutani
- Department of Urology, Chiba Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuta Takeshima
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | | | | | - Yutaka Enomoto
- Department of Urology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Hakozaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoki Kimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taro Teshima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taketo Kawai
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Riikonen J, Pakarainen T, Siltari A, Pienimäki JP, Koskimäki J, Murtola TJ. Urine colour as an indicator for anastomotic leakage after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Scand J Urol 2020; 54:201-207. [PMID: 32308088 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2020.1750474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether macroscopic haematuria predicts urethrovesical anastomotic leakage after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) as well as a cystogram.Patients and methods: Participants were recruited before cystogram and catheter removal 5-14 days after RALP surgery. Urine colour in the collection bag was classified according to a three-step scale (clear, light red and dark red) and leakages in cystogram were graded with a four-step scale (Grade 0-3). Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated for urine colour. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate other leakage risk factors.Results: Of 214 patients, 201 (94%) had clear, six (3%) had light red and seven (3%) had dark red coloured urine. In the cystogram, 20 (9%) patients had leakage; 14 had Grade 1, five Grade 2 and one Grade 3 leakage. Overall, specificity and sensitivity of urine colour in predicting anastomotic leakage were 0.97 (95% CI = 0.95-100) and 0.38 (95% CI = 0.17-0.59), respectively. Negative and positive predictive values were 94% and 62%, respectively. Other significant risk factors for anastomotic leakage were previous transurethral resection or radiation therapy to the prostate, non-waterproof anastomosis at surgery, postoperative pelvic haematoma, long catheterization and surgeon's inexperience. In patients with no other risk factors, test sensitivity improved to 0.80 (95% CI = 0.45-1.15) and negative and positive predictive values to 99% and 44%, respectively.Conclusion: This prospective single-arm trial indicates that in patients with clear urine and no other risk factors for anastomotic leakage, a cystogram examination before urethral catheter removal can be safely omitted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarno Riikonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Pakarainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aino Siltari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Pienimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Koskimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tillier C, van Muilekom HAM, Bloos-van der Hulst J, Grivas N, van der Poel HG. Vesico-urethral anastomosis (VUA) evaluation of short- and long-term outcome after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP): selective cystogram to improve outcome. J Robot Surg 2017; 11:441-446. [PMID: 28078524 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-017-0677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of a cystogram to assess the vesico-urethral anastomosis (VUA) after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been debated. Early catheter removal without cystogram was reported to be associated with a trend towards an increased risk of acute urinary retention (AUR). In two cohorts we studied the effects of VUA leakage on cystogram and functional outcome after RARP. Cohort A contained 1390 consecutive men that routinely underwent a cystogram after RARP. Transurethral catheter (TUC) was removed in the absence of VUA leakage or minimal leakage on subsequent repeat cystogram. Outcome was compared to a group of 120 men that underwent cystography 7-10 days after RARP but had the TUC removed independent of cystography findings (cohort B). Outcome was assessed by early clinical follow-up and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires at 6 months. Men in cohort B had an increased risk of AUR and 6 months voiding complaints when compared to cohort A. The incidence of AUR and voiding complaints was associated with grade 2-3 leakage on cystography in cohort B but not in cohort A. Grade 2-3 leakage on cystogram was more likely in men with larger prostates larger and preoperative voiding complaints. Selective cystogram in men with larger prostates and preoperative lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may prevent early AUR and voiding complaints after RARP when prolonged TUC use is applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tillier
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H A M van Muilekom
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Bloos-van der Hulst
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Grivas
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lim JH, Park CM, Kim HK, Park JY. Comparison of perioperative outcomes between running versus interrupted vesicourethral anastomosis in open radical prostatectomy: A single-surgeon experience. Korean J Urol 2015; 56:443-8. [PMID: 26078841 PMCID: PMC4462634 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.6.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare perioperative outcomes between running and interrupted vesicourethral anastomosis in open radical prostatectomy (RP). Materials and Methods The medical records of 112 patients who underwent open RP for prostate cancer at our institution from 2006 to 2008 by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters were measured. Results Of 112 consecutive patients, 62 patients underwent vesicourethral anastomosis by use of the running technique, whereas 50 patients underwent anastomosis with the interrupted technique. The groups did not differ significantly in age, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, or pathologic findings. The intraoperative extravasation rate was significantly lower in the running group (8.1% vs. 24.0%, p=0.01). The mean anastomosis time was 15.1±5.3 and 19.3±4.6 minutes in the running and interrupted groups, respectively (p=0.04). The rates of postoperative extravasation were similar for both groups (6.4% vs. 10.0%, p=0.12). The duration of catheterization was significantly shorter in the running group (9.0±3.0 days vs. 12.9±6.4 days, p<0.01). The rate of urinary retention after catheter removal and the rate of bladder neck contracture were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of urinary continence at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after RP was also similar in both groups. Conclusions Both anastomosis techniques provided similar functional results and a similar rate of postoperative urine extravasation. However, running vesicourethral anastomosis decreased the rate of intraoperative extravasation and time for anastomosis, without increasing the risk of urinary retention or bladder neck contracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Lim
- Department of Urology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Chang Myon Park
- Department of Urology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Han Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jong Yeon Park
- Department of Urology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kravchick S, Lobik L, Peled R, Cytron S. Transrectal Ultrasonography-Guided Injection of Long-Acting Steroids in the Treatment of Recurrent/Resistant Anastomotic Stenosis After Radical Prostatectomy. J Endourol 2013; 27:875-9. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2012.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
6
|
Tyritzis SI, Katafigiotis I, Constantinides CA. All you need to know about urethrovesical anastomotic urinary leakage following radical prostatectomy. J Urol 2012; 188:369-76. [PMID: 22698622 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radical prostatectomy is a challenging operation demanding a high level of surgical expertise and experience. Urinary leakage at the urethrovesical anastomosis is one of the most common short-term complications of radical prostatectomy, reaching an incidence of 0.3% to 15.4%. In this review we investigate and discuss all matters directly related to urethrovesical anastomotic leak, specifically how to diagnose it properly, how to determine when it is clinically significant and when intervention is required, how to prevent or predict it and, finally, the possible long-term sequelae. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic analysis of the literature searching for English and nonEnglish language publications from a preidentified time frame (1985 to 2011) using primary search databases (PubMed®, Web of Science®). Manual selection was performed by 2 authors and the third reviewed the final common selection. We also created an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of urethrovesical anastomotic leak. RESULTS A total of 72 studies were finally selected, including 48 (67%) observational case series, 16 (22.2%) prospective trials, 1 letter to the editor, 1 review and 1 systematic review which was focused only on laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We also found 2 experimental studies performed in animal models and 3 case reports. Of these studies 7 reported results from fewer than 20 patients. No consensus was recorded on a strict definition of urethrovesical anastomotic leak. The factors determining possible definitions included postoperative day of urethrovesical anastomotic leak, amount of extravasation on cystography and the need for intervention. Urethrovesical anastomotic leak should be classified according to the Clavien classification system, depending on severity and the need for intervention. To our knowledge the role of the open, laparoscopic or robotic approach in the incidence of urethrovesical anastomotic leak has not been systematically investigated. Risk factors for urethrovesical anastomotic leak include obesity, prostate size, previous prostatic surgery, type of anastomosis technique, suture number and type, eversion of the mucosa, a difficult anastomosis or an anastomosis under tension, reconstruction of the musculofascial plate, blood loss, intraoperative flush test result and postoperative urinary tract infection. Diagnosis can be determined primarily by establishing the nature of the drain output. Retrograde cystography, computerized tomography cystography, transrectal ultrasound, contrast enhanced ultrasound and excretory urography are the indicated imaging modalities, and are not always necessary. Finally, the development of anastomotic stricture and incontinence due to urethrovesical anastomotic leak are additional complications. CONCLUSIONS We gathered all relevant critical information concerning urethrovesical anastomotic leak to encourage standardization in the diagnosis and management of this common complication. Systematic meta-analysis of each debatable issue is required to provide definite answers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros I Tyritzis
- Department of Urology, Athens University Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schoeppler GM, Zaak D, Schuhmann P, Stief CG, Buchner A. Urine colour after radical prostatectomy predicts urinary leakage at the vesicourethral anastomosis. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY 2012; 46:337-42. [PMID: 22607018 DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2012.689006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to determine whether postoperative urine colour could be used as a predictor for the presence or absence of a urinary leakage at the vesicourethral anastomosis after open radical prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective study, the urine colour of 223 patients who underwent open radical prostatectomy due to histologically proven localized prostate cancer was assessed macroscopically and microscopically on postoperative day (POD) 6, 7 and 8. All patients underwent evaluation of perianastomotic extravasation by retrograde cystography on POD 8. Baseline characteristics included age; prostate-specific antigen; prostate volume; tumour, node, metastasis classification; and Gleason score. RESULTS The urine colour was a highly significant predictor for perianastomotic extravasation in cystography when it was red on POD 6, 7 and 8. The sensitivity and specificity of urine colour as a predictor for extravasation were 71.4% and 83.2% on POD 6, 71.4% and 85.8% on POD 7, and 81.8% and 90.9% on POD 8, respectively, with a clear or slightly ensanguined urine colour. The negative and positive predictive values were 98.6% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION A cystography can be omitted if the patient demonstrates a clear urine colour on POD 8, without an increased risk of missing a perianastomotic extravasation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita M Schoeppler
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schoeppler GM, Zaak D, Clevert DA, Schuhmann P, Reich O, Seitz M, Khoder WY, Staehler M, Stief CG, Buchner A. The impact of bladder neck mucosal eversion during open radical prostatectomy on bladder neck stricture and urinary extravasation. Int Urol Nephrol 2012; 44:1403-10. [PMID: 22585294 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the bladder neck mucosal eversion (BNM-eversion) during radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) reduces the risk of bladder neck stricture (BNS) and of peri-anastomotic extravasation (PAE) in postoperative cystography. METHODS Two hundred and eleven patients with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent RRP and were prospectively randomized into patients with BNM-eversion (group I) and without BNM-eversion (group II). All patients underwent an evaluation of PAE by retrograde cystography on postoperative day 8. We assessed BNS after 6 months. RESULTS Ninety-two patients with and 113 patients without BNM-eversion were included. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, including age, TNM-classification, Gleason score, PSA, prostate volume, and blood loss in both groups. A complete follow-up of 6 months for BNS was available for 188 patients (89.1 %). Sixteen BNS out of 188 patients were recorded, 4.7 % (n = 4) in group I and 11.7 % (n = 12) in group II (p = 0.09). Data from 205 out of 211 patients were available for the evaluation of the extravasation by cystography. Peri-anastomotic extravasation was detectable in 11.96 %, (11/205) in group I and in 21.24 % (24/205) in group II (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION BNM-eversion does not have a positive influence on the prevention of bladder neck strictures. Peri-anastomotic extravasation detected by cystography does not correlate with a formation of bladder neck stricture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita M Schoeppler
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kulkarni JN, Singh DP, Bansal S, Makkar M, Valsangkar R, Siddaiah AT, Choudhary PS. Retropubic radical prostatectomy: Clinicopathological observations and outcome analysis of 428 consecutive patients. Indian J Urol 2011; 27:337-44. [PMID: 22022056 PMCID: PMC3193733 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.85437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We report the outcome analysis of retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP) performed in 428 patients in terms of pathological findings, complications, and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematically recorded case reports forms of consecutive 428 RRPs done over a 14-year period were analyzed using the SPSS 14 software. Secondary analysis was done to evaluate era specific (pre and post 2002) changes in clinical features and survivals. RESULTS Seven-year overall survival (OAS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and event-free survival (EFS) was 83.2%, 82.8%, and 69.8% respectively in our series. Era-specific survival showed higher CSS post 2002, and there was an increase in presentation with organ-confined disease. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed statistically significant impact on era specific outcome. With the improvement in techniques decrease in complications rate and increase in quality of life was noted. CONCLUSIONS Our series spanning over decade demonstrates that RRP is viable option to offer cure to organ-confined carcinoma prostate. Further, there is evidence of stage migration and improvements in outcome in post 2002 patients. Although our series is modest in number, the success rates and outcome data matches those reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeesh N Kulkarni
- Department of Urology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han K, Choi H, Jung D, Park S, Cho K, Joung J, Seo H, Chung J, Lee K. A prospective evaluation of conventional cystography for detection of urine leakage at the vesicourethral anastomosis site after radical prostatectomy based on computed tomography. Clin Radiol 2011; 66:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Rebuck DA, Haywood S, McDermott K, Perry KT, Nadler RB. What is the long-term relevance of clinically detected postoperative anastomotic urine leakage after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy? BJU Int 2011; 108:733-8. [PMID: 21223475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE • To determine whether patients with postoperative clinically detected anastomotic urine leaks are at increased risk for poorer erectile function, urinary incontinence and bladder neck contracture (BNC) after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS • A retrospective review of all patients undergoing RALRP from October 2005 until December 2009 by a single surgeon (R.B.N.) was conducted. Clinically detected anastomotic urine leak was defined as drain output consistent with urine at more than 24 h postoperatively. The presence of BNC was identified on cystoscopy. • Erectile function was measured with the Sexual Healthy Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire. Incontinence was measured by patient-reported daily pad use. • Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Outcomes were assessed at the most recent follow-up. RESULTS • Among 213 patients eligible for inclusion, 27 experienced an anastomotic urine leak (12.7%). • At a mean long-term follow-up of 24.2 months, there was no difference in SHIM scores (7.0 vs 13.1; P= 0.101), continence rates (87.5% vs 85.2%; P= 0.999) or risk of BNC (7.4% vs 3.2%; P= 0.268) between patients with and without postoperative anastomotic urine leaks, respectively. • The results did not change after controlling for covariates in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION • The present study suggests that patients with clinically detected postoperative anastomotic urine leaks do not necessarily have worse long-term outcomes of erectile function, continence and risk of BNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Rebuck
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Telegrafi S, Ito T, Kozirovsky M, Laze J, Lepor H. Transperineal sonocystography: new standard for assessing anastomotic leaks after radical prostatectomy. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:71-77. [PMID: 20040777 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fluorocystography (FC) is the reference standard for assessing the integrity of the vesicourethral anastomosis after radical prostatectomy (RP). We describe a new technique, transperineal sonocystography (TPSC), as a cost-effective alternative and more informative than FC. METHODS Between May 1, 2007, and October 1, 2008, 175 consecutive men underwent open or robotically assisted RP. Before Foley catheter removal, all men underwent both TPSC and FC, which were performed and interpreted by a single radiologist. Transperineal sonocystography was performed first with real-time imaging after gravity filling of the bladder with 150 mL of normal saline. Extravasation of saline was calculated by computer software after outlining the observed pooling of extravasated saline in the transverse and longitudinal views. Fluorocystography was performed after TPSC using our standard protocol, with qualitative classification of anastomotic leaks as none, slight, moderate, or severe. RESULTS The mean extravasation volume +/- SEM was 16.3 +/- 2.9 mL. Of the 175 patients, 142 (81.2%) showed no anastomotic leaks on TPSC. Of the remaining 33 patients (18.8%), TPSC identified 20 (11.4%), 13 (7.4%), and 0 patients with slight, moderate, and severe leaks, respectively. Excellent concordance was shown between TPSC and FC. CONCLUSIONS Transperineal sonocystography was equivalent to FC in detecting anastomotic leaks after RP. It provides a safe, inexpensive, and effective alternative to traditional FC for evaluating the integrity of the vesicourethral anastomosis after RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shpetim Telegrafi
- Department of Urology, New York University, New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rabbani F, Yunis LH, Pinochet R, Nogueira L, Vora KC, Eastham JA, Guillonneau B, Laudone V, Scardino PT, Touijer K. Comprehensive standardized report of complications of retropubic and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2009; 57:371-86. [PMID: 19945779 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of standardized reporting of the complications of radical prostatectomy in the literature has made it difficult to compare incidences across institutions and across different surgical approaches. OBJECTIVE To define comprehensively the incidence, severity, and timing of onset of medical and surgical complications of open retropubic prostatectomy (RP) and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LP) using a standardized reporting methodology to facilitate comparison. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between January 1999 and June 2007, 4592 consecutive patients underwent RP or LP without prior radiation or hormonal therapy. Median follow-up was 36.9 mo (interquartile range: 20.3-60.6). INTERVENTION Open or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. MEASUREMENTS All medical and surgical complications of radical prostatectomy were captured and graded according to the modified Clavien classification and classified by timing of onset. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS There were 612 medical complications in 467 patients (10.2%) and 1426 surgical complications in 925 patients (20.1%). The overall incidences of early minor and major medical and surgical complications for RP were 8.5% and 1.5% for medical and 11.4% and 4.9% for surgical complications, respectively. The overall incidences of early minor and major medical and surgical complications for LP were 14.2% and 2.3% for medical and 23.1% and 6.6% for surgical complications, respectively. On multivariate analysis, LP approach was associated with a higher incidence of any grade medical and surgical complications but a lower incidence of major surgical complications than RP. Six hundred fifty-two men (14.2%) visited the emergency department, and 240 men (5.2%) required readmission. The main limitation is the retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS With standardized reporting, the incidence of some complications is higher than recognized in the literature. Although most complications are minor in severity, medical and surgical complications are observed in approximately 10% and 20% of patients, respectively. Accurate reporting of complications through a standardized methodology is essential for counseling patients regarding risk of complications, for identifying modifiable risk factors, and for facilitating comparison across institutions and approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhang Rabbani
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
O'Malley RL, Telegrafi S, Laze J, Lepor H. Para-anastomotic haematoma volume predicts the presence of anastomotic extravasation after radical retropubic prostatectomy. BJU Int 2009; 105:34-6. [PMID: 19583719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanism for delayed healing of the urinary anastomosis after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). PATIENTS AND METHODS The volumes of the para-anastomotic haematoma (PHV) and anastomotic extravasation were measured by ultrasonography in 95 men after RRP. The performance characteristics of PHV for predicting urinary extravasation were ascertained and compared with that of postoperative blood loss, measured as the difference between the haematocrit immediately after RRP and that at discharge. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of PHV for predicting urinary extravasation at a threshold of 37 mL was 100% and 96%, respectively. PHV was superior to postoperative blood loss in predicting anastomotic extravasation, as shown by an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.99 vs 0.91, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide compelling evidence that delayed healing of the anastomosis after RRP is due to distraction forces secondary to a pelvic haematoma. The accuracy of PHV as a predictor of anastomotic extravasation suggests that this measurement might replace cystography for assessing anastomotic integrity after RRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L O'Malley
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, NYU Urology Associates, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The impact of urinary drainage on the development of anastomotic stricture after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Int Urol Nephrol 2007; 40:667-73. [PMID: 18097770 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-007-9309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anastomotic stricture (AS) is a well-described complication of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) despite all the refinements in surgical technique. We aimed to define and discuss the role of postoperative urinary drainage on AS development. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 136 patients with localized prostate carcinoma underwent RRP. In all patients, urethral catheter was removed 3 weeks after RRP without a cystogram. We documented duration of drainage (<3 days, n=86; 3-5 days, n=36; and >5 days, n=14), volume of drainage (<300 ml, n=78; 300-500 ml, n=27; and >500 ml, n=31), and mean volume of drainage per day (<100 ml, n=85 and >100 ml, n=51), continence status, and clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients as risk factors related with AS. RESULTS AS was diagnosed in 28.6% of patients. The rate was found to be 35.9%, 41%, and 23.1%, consistent with duration, and 38.4%, 15.4%, and 46.2% according to volume of drainage, respectively (P=0.0001). AS occurred in 43.6% and 56.4% of patients concerning mean volume of drainage per day, respectively (P=0.007). Analysis showed that AS was significantly associated with duration (>3 days), total volume (>500 ml), and the mean volume (>100 ml) of urinary drainage among the variables. The rates of urinary incontinence were 30.7% in patients with AS and 6.2% in patients without AS. CONCLUSIONS Time and the amount of urinary drainage were significantly associated with stricture formation following RRP that might be caused by partial disruption of the anastomosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Eggert T, Palisaar J, Metz P, Noldus J. Assessing the vesico-urethral anastomosis after radical retropubic prostatectomy: transrectal ultrasonography can replace cystography. BJU Int 2007; 100:1268-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Is a cystogram necessary after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy? Urol Oncol 2007; 25:465-7. [PMID: 18047953 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Eggert T, Palisaar J, Metz P, Noldus J. [Postoperative monitoring of anastomosis after radical retropubic prostatectomy Transrectal ultrasound can replace cystography?]. Urologe A 2007; 46:1112-7. [PMID: 17676299 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-007-1442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined if transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is as reliable as cystography in detecting vesicourethral extravasates after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between October 2005 and February 2006 we prospectively investigated 100 consecutive patients undergoing RRP. The vesicourethral anastomosis was proven 6 days after operation by a combined investigation with TRUS and cystography. RESULTS In the majority of patients (79%) the vesicourethral anastomosis was watertight on postoperative day 6 (POD) or showed minimal leakage (8%) so that the urinary catheter was removed. Different degrees of paravasates were detected in 21 patients. Because of small, moderate, or marked paravasations the indwelling catheter was removed on POD 9, 14, and 21 in 5, 3, and 5 patients, respectively. Every paravasate documented by cystography had been detected by TRUS before. Therefore, TRUS showed no false-negative result in detecting insufficient anastomosis. In two patients paraurethral fluid was detected by TRUS mimicking anastomotic paravasation, without confirmation by cystography. CONCLUSIONS TRUS can safely replace cystography to detect anastomotic leakage after radical prostatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Eggert
- Urologische Klinik, Marienhospital Herne, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Widumer Strasse 8, 44627 Herne.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|