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Razzok A, Muhamad MS, Ismaeel A, Alyousef K, Oukan M. Posterior urethral polyp in a male child: a rare case report. Oxf Med Case Reports 2022; 2022:omac131. [PMID: 36540840 PMCID: PMC9759949 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urethral polyps are one of the rare deformities of the urethra. In most cases, the urethral polyps would not be considered in the differential diagnosis process by a huge number of physicians, mainly owing to the rarity of documented cases in the medical literature and because of the wide variety of unspecified symptoms the urethral polyp might demonstrate. Urethral polyps are more common in males than in females, and they are usually diagnosed at an early age. Treatment options include transurethral resection, endoscopic suprapubic approach and open surgery. The disease prognosis is excellent as it does not usually recur after being completely removed and the risk of malignant transformation is very low. We are going to report a case of a 3-month-old boy who presented with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis, which revealed the presence of a large posterior urethral polyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Razzok
- Correspondence address. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Latakia, Syria. Tel: +96935402971; E-mail:
| | - Muhamad Sinan Muhamad
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Latakia, Syria
| | - Ali Ismaeel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Latakia, Syria
| | - Khaled Alyousef
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Latakia, Syria
| | - Majdy Oukan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tishreen University Hospital, Latakia, Syria
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Kutlutürk Şahin N, Deveci S. Verumontanum Polyp in an Adult Man: Diagnosis by Ultrasonography. Urol Int 2021; 106:213-215. [DOI: 10.1159/000519479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fibroepithelial polyp of the urethra is rare in adults. Hematuria and obstructive urinary symptoms are the most common findings. The investigation of these polyps usually includes imaging exams (voiding cystourethrography and ultrasonography) and urinary endoscopy. However, the diagnosis is primarily established by pathology. Ultrasonography can aid in diagnosis, as it can identify a polypoid lesion that can extend to the bladder neck, and cystourethroscopy allows the direct visualization of the lesion. We report this case of a polyp of the prostatic urethra in an adult male using prospective real-time sonographic diagnosis.
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Rousseau S, Peycelon M, Grosos C, Bidault V, Poupalou A, Martin G, Dobremez É, Harper L, Raquillet C, Arnaud A, Sapin E, Scalabre A, Buisson P, Levard G, Pommepuy I, Pons M, Fourcade L, Ballouhey Q. Management of lower urinary tract fibroepithelial polyps in children. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:332-336. [PMID: 32641248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroepithelial polyps (FEP) of the lower urinary tract are relatively common in adults but rare in children, with fewer than 250 cases reported in the literature to date. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to address the experience of FEP management in children. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective multicenter review was undertaken in children with defined FEP of the lower urinary tract managed between 2008 and 2018. The data at 18 pediatric surgery centers were collected. Their demographic, radiological, surgical, and pathological information were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 33 children (26 boys; 7 girls) were treated for FEP of the lower urinary tract at 13 centers. The most common presentation was urinary outflow as hematuria (41%), acute urinary retention (25%), dysuria (19%), or urinary infections (28%). A prenatal diagnosis was made for three patients with hydronephrosis. Almost all of the children (94%) underwent ultrasound imaging of the urinary tract as the first diagnostic examination, 23 (70%) of them also either had an MRI (15%), cystourethrography (25%), computerized tomography (6%), or cystoscopy (45%). Two of these children (6%) had a biopsy prior to the surgery. The median preoperative delay was 7.52 (range: 1-48) months. Most of the patients were treated endoscopically, although four (12.1%) had open surgery and two (6.1%) had an additional incision for specimen extraction. The median hospital stay was 1.5 (range: 1-10) days. There were no recurrences and no complications after a median follow-up of 13 (range: 1-34) months. DISCUSSION The main limitation of our study is the retrospective design, although it is the largest one for this pathology. CONCLUSION This series supports sonography as the most suitable diagnosis tool before endoscopy to confirm the diagnosis and to perform the resection for most FEP in children. This report confirms the recognized benign nature in the absence of recurrences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Rousseau
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Matthieu Peycelon
- Service de chirurgie et urologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, APHP - Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « MARVU », Université de Paris, Paris, France; Pediatric Urology, Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Céline Grosos
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Valeska Bidault
- Service de chirurgie et urologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, APHP - Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « MARVU », Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anna Poupalou
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Hôpital HUDERF-ST Pierre (Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Garance Martin
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Éric Dobremez
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luke Harper
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Raquillet
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Ballanger, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Alexis Arnaud
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Sapin
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Scalabre
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Buisson
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Levard
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Pommepuy
- Service d'anatomo-pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maguelonne Pons
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Fourcade
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Quentin Ballouhey
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey 87042, Limoges, France.
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Akbarzadeh A, Khorramirouz R, Saadat S, Hiradfar M, Kajbafzadeh AM. Congenital urethral polyps in girls: as a differential diagnosis of interlabial masses. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2014; 27:330-4. [PMID: 25256883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To present the clinical appearance, differential diagnosis, long-term follow-up, and the surgical result of single-center experience with female urethral polyps presenting as an interlabial mass, and to report the common causes of interlabial masses in infants. DESIGN All 12 girls who presented with an interlabial mass and intermittent bleeding have been included in this study; however, the benign urethral polyps are discussed in detail and are the subject of this study. SETTING All patients were referred to our national referral pediatric urology center with initial impression of vaginal bleeding; however, rhabdomyosarcoma of bladder and urethra (n = 2) or vagina (n = 3) and urethral polyp (n = 7) was the final diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS The records of 12 girls who presented with external genitalia bleeding were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 7 had fibroepithelial polyps and underwent initial polypectomy between 2001 and 2011with mean age of 21.5 months (range: 1-90 mo). All girls underwent endoscopic surgical removal of polyps. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES No postoperative polyp recurrence was observed following endoscopic polyp resection. RESULTS The postoperative period was uneventful except in 1 girl who had immediate postoperative urethral bleeding which stopped spontaneously. There was no major complication or polyp recurrence after operation during the long-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The interlabial mass must be considered as a urethral polyp and should be differentiated from the vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma with protrusion of vaginal tumor from the vaginal outlet or other benign lesions. Physical examination in frog legged position or examination under anesthesia with urethrocystoscopy may confirm the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Akbarzadeh
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorramirouz
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedehpariya Saadat
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Hiradfar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics, Dr. Sheikh Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Grant DC, Troy GC. Recurrent urethral fibroepithelial polyps in a golden retriever. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:361-5. [PMID: 25028431 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 2 yr old castrated male golden retriever was referred multiple times over a period of 7.5 yr for stranguria, pollakiuria, urinary incontinence and urinary outflow obstructions due to urethral polyps. Diagnostic imaging modalities used to identify polyps included abdominal ultrasound, excretory urography, double-contrast retrograde urethrocystograms, and urethrocystoscopy, which revealed multiple filling defects within the proximal and prostatic urethra. Multiple cystotomies and endourologic procedures were performed to remove the multiple fibroepithelial polyps within the proximal and prostatic urethra. Urinary incontinence resulted from treatments, but did respond to phenylpropanolamine. Medical treatment consisted of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which appeared to decrease the recurrence of the polyps over time. Urethral polyps are an uncommon cause of urinary outflow obstruction and do not usually recur after removal. This case illustrates an uncommon clinical presentation and the difficulties encountered in treatment over an expanded time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Grant
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
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Akbarzadeh A, Khorramirouz R, Kajbafzadeh AM. Congenital urethral polyps in children: report of 18 patients and review of literature. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:835-9. [PMID: 24851781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To evaluate the presentation, diagnosis and management of congenital urethral polyps (CUP) in children and to report the results of the endoscopic resection of polyp with long-term follow-up. METHODS Between April 1995 to March 2010, 18 children (14 boys, 4 girls) with CUP were treated. The most common presentation was urinary outflow obstruction/retention, hematuria or protruding polyp from the urethra meatus in girls. Six patients presented with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). All children (except one) underwent a transurethral resection of the CUP. RESULTS Following the endoscopic resection of the polyps, there was no polyp recurrence, and all patients became symptom-free. The children exhibited no reflux, urinary retention, hematuria or urinary tract infection (UTI) following endoscopic management. Abnormal uroflowmetry patterns returned to normal following the resection of the polyp for one year after the operation. CONCLUSIONS Urethral polyps must be considered in every child with history of triad of recurrent intermittent urinary retention, hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms. The cure can be achieved in all cases by an endoscopic approach. This type of tumor is always benign and very rarely recurs, unless the pedicle stalk is not resected. The endoscopic management of reflux is unnecessary in this group of patients due to their natural history of secondary reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Akbarzadeh
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI)
| | - Reza Khorramirouz
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI)
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology Research Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IRI).
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Akuter Harnverhalt bei einem 3-jährigen Jungen mit Phimose. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-013-2888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Tsuang W, Rapp DE, Feinstein KA, Orvieto MA, Close CE. Urethral polyp in asymptomatic male infant with prenatal hydronephrosis. Urology 2006; 67:1085.e9-11. [PMID: 16698386 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital posterior urethral polyps are rare, benign lesions of the posterior urethra. We report a 1-day-old newborn boy with a solitary fibroepithelial posterior urethral polyp who presented with a history of prenatal mild hydronephrosis, subsequently associated with bladder wall thickening on ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Tsuang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Aita GA, Begliomini H, Mattos D. Fibroepithelial polyp of the urethra. Int Braz J Urol 2005; 31:155-6. [PMID: 15877837 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382005000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroepithelial polyp of the urethra is rare in adults. Hematuria and obstructive urinary symptoms are the most common findings. The treatment of choice is endoscopic resection and the prognosis for these lesions is excellent. There is no previous report on recurrence. We describe 2 new cases, with 1 of them presenting recurrence following surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano A Aita
- Hospital do Servidor Publico Estadual de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lanzas Prieto JM, Menéndez Fernández CL, Pérez García FJ, Gutiérrez García R, González Tuero J, Guate Ortiz JL. [Fibroepithelial polyp of the urethra in an adult]. Actas Urol Esp 2003; 27:654-6. [PMID: 14587244 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(03)72991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a fibroepithelial polyp of the prostatic urethra in a forty-five year old patient. This type of polyp is rare in the adult. The principal symptoms which the patient presented were haematuria and an intermittent reduction in micturitional flow. Endoscopic images of the tumour are shown and certain details of its histology; this is a polypoid lesion of loose connective tissue covered by typical urothelium, with occasional fascicles of smooth muscle, no prostatic-type glandular structures and no appreciable inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Redman
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas College of Medicine and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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Spyropoulos C, Konidaris D, Papanicolaou A, Stephanidis A, Michael V, Androulakakis PA. Posterior urethral polyp in a boy, diagnosed by colour Doppler ultrasonography. BJU Int 1999; 84:881-2. [PMID: 10532995 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Spyropoulos
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to review the presenting complaints, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and natural history of children with genitourinary polyps seen at the Mayo Clinic during the past 35 years. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all children less than 16 years of age with symptomatic genitourinary polyps who were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1957 and 1992. The age of each patient, clinical presentation, anatomic location of the polyp, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment were reviewed. Long-term follow-up data, including complications, were recorded, and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS The most common presenting symptoms were hematuria in 9 patients, (gross 7, microscopic 2) and urinary tract obstruction in 9 patients (upper tract 3, lower tract 6). Four children had ureteral polyps. Excretory urography showed hydronephrosis and filling defects in 3 patients and a filling defect without hydronephrosis in 1 child. Two patients underwent segmental ureterectomy, 1 had open excision of the polyp, and 1 had ureteroscopic excision. Urethral polyps were identified in 12 children, most often as a filling defect of the posterior urethra on voiding cystourethrography (5 patients) or during cystourethroscopy (7 patients). All 12 patients were managed successfully by transurethral resection. CONCLUSIONS Genitourinary polyps in children require a high degree of alertness and can be diagnosed with excretory urography, with voiding cystourethrography, or endoscopically. The biologic activity of these polyps is uniformly benign, and there have been no recurrences following complete excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Gleason
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Abstract
Ten male patients presented between 1985 and 1991 with benign urethral polyps. This lesion is believed to represent a developmental error in the invagination process of the submucous glandular material of the inner zone of the prostate. The clinicopathological features of the condition are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Walsh
- Department of Urology, Belfast City Hospital
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Artéaga J, Tran-Minh VA, Pracros JP, Mollard P. Sonographic diagnosis of polyp of the prostatic urethra in children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 1993; 21:188-193. [PMID: 8382221 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.1870210307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Artéaga
- Hôpital Debrousse, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon, France
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Abstract
Urethral haemangiomas are rare and usually involve the entire urethra or are localized to the anterior urethra. Posterior urethral polyps are uncommon. A posterior urethral polyp was removed from a 3-year-old boy which proved to be haemangioma. In the histological classification of posterior urethral polyps, haemangioma should therefore be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Crankson
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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