Prognosis for resolution of moderate, primary reflux in girls

Cystitis follicularis in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux

In an attempt to determine whether cystitis follicularis affects the spontaneous resolution of primary vesicoureteral reflux we reviewed the records of 65 children with reflux and cystitis follicularis. A group of children with primary vesicoureteral reflux but without cystitis follicularis was included as controls. The data did not reveal a statistically significant difference in either the rate of spontaneous resolution of reflux or the need for surgical correction between these 2 groups of children.

The management of vesicoureteral reflux in the pediatric neurogenic bladder

An integrated method of management has been used in 29 children with neurogenic bladders and vesicoureteral reflux. Radiological followup reveals that resolution or improvement of reflux occurred in 48 per cent of the renal units managed by close observation only, 48 per cent managed by intermittent catheterization, 75 per cent managed by vesicostomies and 100 per cent in which the ureters were reimplanted. As in the non-neurogenic bladder successful management of reflux and prevention of upper tract deterioration can be achieved by conservative management as well as by ureteroneocystostomy. A protocol of management is outlined.

Variations in vesicoureteral reflux. Influence on diagnostic validity

Micturition cystourethrography was performed with varying numbers of films exposed and the probability of missing a vesicoureteral reflux or underrating its severity was calculated for each series. It was concluded that a small number of exposures can give sufficiently accurate diagnosis.

Relation of length of submucous segment of the ureter to lesions of the renal parenchyma in children

The possible relationship between the length of the submucous ureteral segment and frequency and degree of renal parenchymal injury was analysed in children with urinary tract infection and vesico-ureteral reflux. If the grade of reflux was disregarded, no relation was found to exist between these parameters.

Radionuclide cystography in the management of vesico-ureteric reflux

Direct radionuclide cystography in 100 patients has been shown to be a useful investigation in the diagnosis and management of reflux and a valuable complement to radiographic methods; it may well have a place in the detection of reflux in the infected patient. The advantages include low radiation exposure, an accurate measurement of residual urine volumes, simplicity of technique and the use of materials and equipment that have in recent years become increasingly available for routing investigation.

Radionuclide cystography in the investigation of vesicoureteric reflux in children

50 children with urinary-tract infection and vesicoureteric reflux were investigated by direct radionuclide cystography (R.N.C.). Recent micturating cystourethrograms (M.C.U.) were used as controls. In 37 patients the results of both tests corresponded, 9 patients were M.C.U. positive only, and 4 were R.N.C. positive only. R.N.C. is associated with a considerably lower radiation dose than M.C.U.S. and intravenous urograms, it provides an accurate measurement of residual urine, and is simple to apply with equipment which is readily available. R.N.C. is a useful investigation in the diagnosis and management of reflux and a valuable complement to standard radiographic methods.