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Hrubša M, Nurjamal K, Carazo A, Nayek N, Karlíčková J, Applová L, Karmakar I, Parvin S, Fadraersada J, Macáková K, Mladěnka P, Brahmachari G. Screening of Synthetic Heterocyclic Compounds as Antiplatelet Drugs. Med Chem 2021; 18:536-543. [PMID: 34702153 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666211026150658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiplatelet drugs represent the keystone in the treatment and prevention of diseases of ischemic origin, including coronary artery disease. The current palette of drugs represents efficient modalities in most cases, but their effect can be limited in certain situations or associated with specific side effects. In this study, representatives of compounds selected from series having scaffolds with known or potential antiplatelet activity were tested. These compounds were previously synthetized by us, but their biological effects have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the antiplatelet and anticoagulation properties of selected compounds and determine their mechanism of action. METHODS Antiplatelet activity of compounds and their mechanisms of action were evaluated using human blood by impedance aggregometry and various aggregation inducers and inhibitors and compared to appropriate standards. Cytotoxicity was tested using breast adenocarcinoma cell cultures and potential anticoagulation activity was also determined. RESULTS In total, four of 34 compounds tested were equally or more active than the standard antiplatelet drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). In contrast to ASA, all 4 active compounds decreased platelet aggregation triggered not only by collagen, but also partly by ADP. The major mechanism of action is based on antagonism at thromboxane receptors. In higher concentrations, inhibition of thromboxane synthase was also noted. In contrast to ASA, the tested compounds did not block cyclooxygenase-1. CONCLUSION The most active compound, 2-amino-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-nitro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (2-N), which is 4-5x times more potent than ASA, is a promising compound for the development of novel antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Khondekar Nurjamal
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Nayana Nayek
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- The Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
| | - Shamima Parvin
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
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Chen H, Li G, Zhan P, Li H, Wang S, Liu X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel trimethylpyrazine-2-carbonyloxy-cinnamic acids as potent cardiovascular agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chen H, Li G, Zhan P, Liu X. Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 5: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ligustrazinyloxy-cinnamic acid derivatives as potent cardiovascular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5609-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sun J, Li Y, Fang W, Mao L. Therapeutic time window for treatment of focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury with XQ-1h in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 666:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lee MC, Jin CY, Kim HS, Kim JH, Kim MK, Kim HI, Lee YJ, Son YJ, Kim YO, Woo YJ. Stem cell dynamics in an experimental model of stroke. Chonnam Med J 2011; 47:90-8. [PMID: 22111067 PMCID: PMC3214868 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2011.47.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the migration of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) toward an infarct lesion in a photo-thrombotic stroke model. The lesions produced by using rose bengal dye (20 mg/kg) with cold light in the motor cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats were also evaluated with sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 30 minutes through 8 weeks. Migration of NSCs was identified by immunohistochemistry for nestin monoclonal antibody in the lesion cortex, subventricular zone (SVZ), and corpus callosum (CC). The contrast to noncontrast ratio (CNR) on MRI was greatest at 12 hours in DWI and decreased over time. By contrast, T1-weighted and T2-weighted images showed a constant CNR from the beginning through 8 weeks. MRI of the lesional cortex correlated with histopathologic findings, which could be divided into three stages: acute (edema and necrosis) within 24 hours, subacute (acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration) at 2 to 7 days, and chronic (gliofibrosis) at 2 to 4 weeks. The volume of the infarct was significantly reduced by reparative gliofibrosis. The number of nestin+ NSCs in the contralateral SVZ was similar to that of the ipsilateral SVZ in each group. However, the number of nestin+ NSCs in the ipsilateral cortex and CC increased at 12 hours to 3 days compared with the contralateral side (p<0.01) and was reduced significantly by 7 days (p<0.01). Active emigration of internal NSCs from the SVZ toward the infarct lesion may also contribute to decreased volume of the infarct lesion, but the self-repair mechanism by endogenous NSCs is insufficient to treat stroke causing extensive neuronal death. Further studies should be focused on amplification technologies of NSCs to enhance the collection of endogenous or transplanted NSCs for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Effect of combination therapy with sodium ozagrel and panax ginseng on transient cerebral ischemia model in rats. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2010:893401. [PMID: 21274269 PMCID: PMC3022223 DOI: 10.1155/2010/893401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium ozagrel (SO) prevents platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction in the cerebral ischemia. It plays an important role in the prevention of brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Recently, many animal studies have suggested that the Panax ginseng (PG) has neuroprotective effects in the ischemic brain. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective effects that come from a combination therapy of SO and PG in rat models with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Animals with MCAO were assigned randomly to one of the following four groups: (1) control (Con) group, (2) SO group (3 mg/kg, intravenously), (3) PG group (200 mg/kg, oral feeding), and (4) SO + PG group. The rats were subjected to a neurobehavior test including adhesive removal test and rotarod test at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 15 days after MCAO. The cerebral ischemic volume was quantified by Metamorph imaging software after 2-3-5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining. The neuronal cell survival and astrocytes expansion were assessed by immunohistofluorescence staining. In the adhesive removal test, the rats of PG or SO + PG group showed significantly better performance than those of the control group (Con: 88.1 ± 24.8, PG: 43.6 ± 11, SO + PG: 11.8 ± 7, P < .05). Notably, the combination therapy group (SO + PG) showed better performance than the SO group alone (SO: 56 ± 12, SO + PG: 11.8 ± 7, P < .05). In TTC staining for infarct volume, cerebral ischemic areas were also significantly reduced in the PG group and SO + PG group (Con: 219 ± 32, PG: 117 ± 8, SO + PG: 99 ± 11, P < .05). Immunohistofluorescence staining results showed that the group which received SO + PG group therapy had neuron cells in the normal range. They also had a low number of astrocytes and apoptotic cells compared with the control or SO group in the peri-infarction area. During astrocytes staining, compared to the SO + PG group, the PG group showed only minor differences in the number of NeuN-positive cells and quantitative analysis of infarct volume. In conclusion, these studies showed that in MCAO rat models, the combination therapy with SO and PG may provide better neuroprotective effects such as higher neuronal cell survival and inhibition of astrocytes expansion than monotherapy with SO alone.
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Suzuki Y, Shibuya M, Satoh SI, Sugiyama H, Seto M, Takakura K. Safety and efficacy of fasudil monotherapy and fasudil-ozagrel combination therapy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: sub-analysis of the post-marketing surveillance study. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2008; 48:241-7; discussion 247-8. [PMID: 18574328 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.48.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-analysis of the fasudil post-marketing surveillance study compared the safety and efficacy of fasudil plus ozagrel to fasudil only. A total of 3690 patients received fasudil and 1138 received fasudil plus ozagrel between 1995 and 2000. The occurrence of adverse events, occurrence of low density areas associated with vasospasm on computed tomography, absence of symptomatic vasospasm, and poor clinical outcomes associated with vasospasm were compared between the fasudil and fasudil plus ozagrel groups. The pharmacokinetics of fasudil were assessed in 5 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The drug interaction between fasudil and ozagrel was pharmacologically investigated in vitro and in vivo. The occurrence of adverse events and clinical outcomes were similar between the two groups. The occurrences of symptomatic vasospasm and low density areas were lower in the fasudil group than in the fasudil plus ozagrel group. The average trough value (8-hour value) of the fasudil active metabolite, hydroxyfasudil, was 50 nM. Fasudil showed no pharmacological interaction with ozagrel. The combination of fasudil plus ozagrel was well tolerated, but did not result in better efficacy than fasudil only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Mishina M, Komaba Y, Kobayashi S, Tanaka N, Kominami S, Fukuchi T, Mizunari T, Hamamoto M, Teramoto A, Katayama Y. Efficacy of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, for the treatment of acute lacunar infarction. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2005; 45:344-8; discussion 348. [PMID: 16041179 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.45.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of edaravone as an inhibitor of ischemic brain damage in addition to routine treatment was retrospectively examined in 70 patients with lacunar infarction who were admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset. Clinical status was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The modified Rankin Scale (MRS) was used to assess clinical outcomes at 3 months after onset, with a good outcome defined as MRS score < or =2. Risk factors were also evaluated, including evidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, and a history of smoking longer than 2 months. The probability of a good outcome and independence at 3 months was assessed by backward stepwise logistic regression analysis based on the maximum likelihood ratio. Administration of edaravone yielded an odds ratio with multivariate adjustment of 6.49 (95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 50.32; p < 0.05) for a good outcome at 3 months. Higher baseline NIHSS score and higher age also adversely affected the outcome at 3 months (p < 0.005). Administration of edaravone improves the outcome of patients with lacunar infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Mishina
- The Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital
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Moriguchi A, Mihara K, Aoki T, Maeda M, Tojo N, Matsuoka N, Mutoh S. Restoration of middle cerebral artery thrombosis by novel glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist FK419 in guinea pig. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 498:179-88. [PMID: 15363993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Revised: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared the antithrombotic efficacy of FK419 [(S)-2-acetylamino-3-[(R)-[1-[3-(piperidin-4-yl)propionyl]piperidin-3-ylcarbonyl]amino] propionic acid trihydrate], a novel nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist, with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and other antithrombotic agents (aspirin, ozagrel, argatroban and heparin). FK419 not only inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced guinea pig platelet aggregation, but also induced disaggregation for ADP-induced aggregated platelets in vitro. In the photochemically induced middle cerebral artery thrombosis model in guinea pigs, FK419 dose-dependently shortened the time to first reperfusion and the total middle cerebral artery occlusion time and reduced ischemic brain damage and ameliorated neurological deficits measured 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rt-PA similarly improved the middle cerebral artery patency, brain damage and neurological deficits. Neither aspirin, ozagrel, argatroban nor heparin restored the middle cerebral artery blood flow and improved the brain damage or neurological deficits. These results demonstrated that novel glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist FK419 could disperse thrombus and ameliorated ischemic brain damage, suggesting that FK419 would be an attractive intervention for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Moriguchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-1-6, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan
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Tan KT, Lip GYH, Blann AD. Post-stroke inflammatory response: effects of stroke evolution and outcome. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2003; 5:245-51. [PMID: 12793964 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-003-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recovery after stroke is often hindered by further neurologic deterioration, which can affect up to 45% of patients. It has been suggested that one of the major causes of this neurologic deterioration may be post-ischemic cerebral inflammation. This review presents the basis of pathophysiologic mechanisms of post-stroke inflammation and discusses possible targets and routes for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiat T Tan
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
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