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Ríos JA, Bórquez JC, Godoy JA, Zolezzi JM, Furrianca MC, Inestrosa NC. Emerging role of Metformin in Alzheimer's disease: A translational view. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102439. [PMID: 39074563 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a major public-health issue of our time. Regrettably, despite our considerable understanding of the pathophysiological aspects of this disease, current interventions lead to poor outcomes. Furthermore, experimentally promising compounds have continuously failed when translated to clinical trials. Along with increased population ageing, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become an extremely common condition, mainly due to unbalanced dietary habits. Substantial epidemiological evidence correlates T2DM with cognitive impairment as well. Considering that brain insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and amyloidogenesis are common phenomena, further approaching the common features among these pathological conditions. Metformin constitutes the first-choice drug to preclude insulin resistance in T2DM clinical management. Experimental evidence suggests that its functions might include neuroprotective effects, in addition to its hypoglycemic activity. This review aims to summarize and discuss current knowledge of experimental data on metformin on this path towards translational medicine. Finally, we discuss the controversial data of responses to metformin in vitro, and in vivo, animal models and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juvenal A Ríos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Bórquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Juan A Godoy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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Kushwaha A, Thakur MK. Suv39h1 Silencing Recovers Memory Decline in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:487-497. [PMID: 37626270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications play an important role in the regulation of long-term memory and modulation of expression of neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs). The lysine methyltransferase KMT1A/ Suv39h1 (a mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster SU (VAR) 3-9) aids in the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. We previously reported that age-related memory decline is associated with an increase in Suv39h1 expression in the hippocampus of male mice. The scopolamine-induced amnesic mouse model is a well-known animal model of memory impairment. In the current study, we have made an attempt to find a link between the changes in the H3K9 trimethylation pattern and memory decline during scopolamine-induced amnesia. It was followed by checking the effect of siRNA-mediated silencing of hippocampal Suv39h1 on memory and expression of neuronal IEGs. Scopolamine treatment significantly increased global levels of H3K9me3 and Suv39h1 in the amnesic hippocampus. Suv39h1 silencing in amnesic mice reduced H3K9me3 levels at the neuronal IEGs (Arc and BDNF) promoter, increased the expression of Arc and BDNF in the hippocampus, and improved recognition memory. Thus, these findings suggest that the silencing of Suv39h1 alone or in combination with other epigenetic drugs might be effective for treating memory decline during amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Kushwaha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
- K N Govt. P G College, Gyanpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar, 221304, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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K P, Prasanth DSNBK, Shadakshara MKR, Ahmad SF, Seemaladinne R, Rudrapal M, Pasala PK. Citronellal as a Promising Candidate for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Comprehensive Study on In Silico and In Vivo Anti-Acetylcholine Esterase Activity. Metabolites 2023; 13:1133. [PMID: 37999229 PMCID: PMC10672888 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the primary therapeutic approaches for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the modulation of Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity to elevate acetylcholine (ACh) levels inside the brain. The current study employed computational chemistry approaches to evaluate the inhibitory effects of CTN on AChE. The docking results showed that Citronellal (CTN) and standard Donepezil (DON) have a binding affinity of -6.5 and -9.2 Kcal/mol, respectively, towards AChE. Further studies using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on these two compounds. Binding free energy calculations and ligand-protein binding patterns suggested that CTN has a binding affinity of -12.2078. In contrast, DON has a much stronger binding relationship of -47.9969, indicating that the standard DON has a much higher binding affinity than CTN for AChE. In an in vivo study, Alzheimer-type dementia was induced in mice by scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg/day i.p) for 14 days. CTN was administered (25 and 50 mg/kg. i.p) along with scopolamine (SCO) administration. DON (0.5 mg/kg orally) was used as a reference drug. CTN administration significantly improved the mice's behavior as evaluated by the Morris water maze test, evident from decreased escape latency to 65.4%, and in the CPS test, apparent from reduced escape latency to 69.8% compared to the positive control mice. Moreover, CTN significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to SCO. Furthermore, CTN administration significantly decreased SCO-induced elevated AChE levels in mice. These results were supported by histopathological and in silico molecular docking studies. CTN may be a potential antioxidant and neuroprotective supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani K
- Department of Pharmacology, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Nandyal 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - D S. N. B. K. Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada 520010, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Murthy K. R. Shadakshara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur 572103, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Praveen Kumar Pasala
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JNTUA, Anantapuramu 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Protective action of Grewia asiatica (phalsa) berries against scopolamine-induced deficit in learning and memory using behavior paradigms in rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-019-00376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ponne S, Kumar CR, Boopathy R. Verapamil attenuates scopolamine induced cognitive deficits by averting oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury - A potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:503-515. [PMID: 31691145 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder where amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, Ca2+ dysregulation, excessive oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic loss operate synergistically to bring about cholinergic deficits and dementia. New therapeutic interventions are gaining prominence as the morbidity and mortality of AD increases exponentially every year. Treating AD with antihypertensive drugs is thought to be a promising intervention; however, its mechanism of action of ameliorating AD needs further investigation. In this context, the present study explores the protective effect of verapamil, an antihypertensive agent of Ca2+ channel blocker (CCB) class against scopolamine-induced in vitro neurotoxicity and in vivo cognitive impairment. Supplementation of verapamil was found to attenuate oxidative stress by preventing mitochondrial injury, and augment the expression of genes involved in the cholinergic function (mACR1), synaptic plasticity (GAP43, SYP) and Ca2+-dependent memory-related genes (CREB1, CREBBP, BDNF). Further, verapamil treatment in mice attenuated the cognitive and behavioural deficits induced by scopolamine as measured by the elevated plus maze and passive avoidance test (P < 0.05). Thus, the present study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of verapamil against the pathogenesis of AD such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive decline. These observations emphasize the importance of ‛Ca2+ dysregulation' and ‛mitochondrial dysfunction' theories in AD and recommends the supplementation of compounds that regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial function in susceptible AD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanaraman Ponne
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, Kalapet, 605014, India.
| | - Chinnadurai Raj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Rathanam Boopathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
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A novel chalcone derivative as Nrf2 activator attenuates learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced mouse model. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tang KS. The cellular and molecular processes associated with scopolamine-induced memory deficit: A model of Alzheimer's biomarkers. Life Sci 2019; 233:116695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Diosmin is neuroprotective in a rat model of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1376-1383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Takahashi S, Inamura K, Yarimizu J, Yamazaki M, Murai N, Ni K. Neurochemical and neuropharmacological characterization of ASP2905, a novel potent selective inhibitor of the potassium channel KCNH3. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:26-35. [PMID: 28552344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
KCNH3 (BEC1) is a member of the ether-à-go-go (KCNH) family of voltage-gated K+ channels. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacological profiles in vitro and in vivo of a KCNH3 inhibitor N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N'-phenyl-N''-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (ASP2905). We analyzed the effects of ASP2905 on channel activity in vitro and its neuropharmacological properties in young and aged rats as well as in mice. ASP2905 potently inhibited potassium currents in CHO cells expressing KCNH3 (IC50 = 9.0nM). In contrast, ASP2905 (≤ 10μM) minimally bound with low affinities to 55 transmembrane proteins. ASP2905 (0.1µM, 1µM) decreased the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. In mice, ASP2905 reversed the disruption of spontaneous alternation behavior induced by MK-801 and scopolamine (minimum effective dose of ASP2905: 0.0625mg/kg, po). ASP2905 ameliorated the cognitive deficits of aged rats in step-through passive avoidance (0.0313 and 0.0625mg/kg, po) and Morris water-maze tasks (0.01mg/kg, po) and effectively penetrated the brain. The mean plasma and brain concentrations of ASP2905 reached their maxima (Cmax = 0.399ng/ml and 1.77ng/g, respectively) 1h after a single oral administration and then decreased (t1/2 = 1.5-1.6h) (brain plasma ratio = 2.7-4.9). The present study suggests that ASP2905 is a selective, orally administered inhibitor of KCNH3, which can enhance cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takahashi
- Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8411, Japan.
| | - Kohei Inamura
- Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8411, Japan
| | - Junko Yarimizu
- Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8411, Japan
| | - Mayako Yamazaki
- Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8411, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Murai
- Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8411, Japan
| | - Keni Ni
- Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1, Nihonbashi-Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8411, Japan
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Mostafa DK, Ismail CA, Ghareeb DA. Differential metformin dose-dependent effects on cognition in rats: role of Akt. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2513-24. [PMID: 27113224 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Epidemiological evidence suggests that individuals with diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and controversy overwhelms the usefulness of the widely prescribed insulin-sensitizing drug, metformin, on cognition. OBJECTIVES Through the scopolamine-induced memory deficit model, we investigated metformin influence on cognitive dysfunction and explored underlying mechanisms. METHODS Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups (12 rats each) to receive either normal saline, scopolamine 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily, scopolamine + oral metformin (100 mg/kg/day), scopolamine + oral metformin (300 mg/kg/day) or scopolamine + oral rivastigmine (0.75 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Cognitive behaviours were tested using Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks. Biochemically, brain oxidative (malondialdehyde) and inflammatory (TNF-α) markers, nitric oxide, Akt, phospho-Akt, phospho-tau and acetyl cholinesterase activity in hippocampal and cortical tissues were assessed. RESULTS The lower dose of metformin (100 mg/kg) ameliorated scopolamine-induced impaired performance in both Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks, and was associated with significant reduction of inflammation and to a lesser extent oxidative stress versus rivastigmine. Given the role of total Akt in regulation of abnormal tau accumulation and degradation, our finding that metformin 100 decreased the elevated total Akt while increasing its phosphorylated form explains its beneficial modulatory effect on phosphorylated tau in both tissues, and could further clarify its protection against memory impairment. CONCLUSION Metformin, only in the average human antidiabetic dose, offers a protective effect against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, while no deleterious effect was observed with the higher dose, which may support a bonus effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia K Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Almoassat medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Cherine A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Almoassat medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mannangatti P, Naidu KN. Indian Herbs for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:323-36. [PMID: 27651261 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine that is indigenous to India, is believed to be the world's oldest comprehensive health-care system and is now one of the most recognized and widely practiced disciplines of alternative medicine in the world. Medicinal herbs have been in use for treating diseases since ancient times in India. Ayurvedic therapies with medicinal herbs and herbomineral products generally provide relief without much adverse effects even after prolonged administration. Neurodegenerative disorders are a major cause of mortality and disability, and increasing life spans represent one of the key challenges of medical research. Ayurvedic medicine describes most neurodegenerative diseases and has defined a number of plants with therapeutic benefits for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases having antioxidant activities. In this chapter, the role of four important Ayurvedic medicinal plants, viz., Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Bacopa monnieri (brahmi), Centella asiatica (gotu kola), and Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean), on neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Mannangatti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Inoue K, Okamoto M, Shibato J, Lee MC, Matsui T, Rakwal R, Soya H. Long-Term Mild, rather than Intense, Exercise Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Greatly Changes the Transcriptomic Profile of the Hippocampus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128720. [PMID: 26061528 PMCID: PMC4464753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our six-week treadmill running training (forced exercise) model has revealed that mild exercise (ME) with an intensity below the lactate threshold (LT) is sufficient to enhance spatial memory, while intense exercise (IE) above the LT negates such benefits. To help understand the unrevealed neuronal and signaling/molecular mechanisms of the intensity-dependent cognitive change, in this rat model, we here investigated plasma corticosterone concentration as a marker of stress, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as a potential contributor to this ME-induced spatial memory, and comprehensively delineated the hippocampal transcriptomic profile using a whole-genome DNA microarray analysis approach through comparison with IE. Results showed that only IE had the higher corticosterone concentration than control, and that the less intense exercise (ME) is better suited to improve AHN, especially in regards to the survival and maturation of newborn neurons. DNA microarray analysis using a 4 × 44 K Agilent chip revealed that ME regulated more genes than did IE (ME: 604 genes, IE: 415 genes), and only 41 genes were modified with both exercise intensities. The identified molecular components did not comprise well-known factors related to exercise-induced AHN, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Rather, network analysis of the data using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis algorithms revealed that the ME-influenced genes were principally related to lipid metabolism, protein synthesis and inflammatory response, which are recognized as associated with AHN. In contrast, IE-influenced genes linked to excessive inflammatory immune response, which is a negative regulator of hippocampal neuroadaptation, were identified. Collectively, these results in a treadmill running model demonstrate that long-term ME, but not of IE, with minimizing running stress, has beneficial effects on increasing AHN, and provides an ME-specific gene inventory containing some potential regulators of this positive regulation. This evidence might serve in further elucidating the mechanism behind ME-induced cognitive gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8574, Japan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061–0293, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8574, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8574, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Hatanodai, Tokyo, 142–8555, Japan
| | - Min Chul Lee
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8574, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8574, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Hatanodai, Tokyo, 142–8555, Japan
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305–8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry & Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305–8574, Japan
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Tsai FS, Wu LY, Yang SE, Cheng HY, Tsai CC, Wu CR, Lin LW. Ferulic acid reverses the cognitive dysfunction caused by amyloid β peptide 1-40 through anti-oxidant activity and cholinergic activation in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:319-35. [PMID: 25807957 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction and oxidation stress are the dominant mechanisms of memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study describes how ferulic acid (FA) ameliorates cognitive deficits induced by mecamylamine (MECA), scopolamine (SCOP), central acetylcholinergic neurotoxin ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) and amyloid β peptide (Aβ1-40). This study also elucidates the role of anti-oxidant enzymes and cholinergic marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the reversal of FA from Aβ1-40-induced cognitive deficits in rats. At 100 mg/kg, FA attenuated impairment induced by MECA and SCOP plus MECA; however, this improvement was not blocked by the peripheral muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine methylbromide (M-SCOP). At 100 and 300 mg/kg, FA also attenuated the impairment of inhibitory passive avoidance induced by AF64A. Further, FA attenuated the performance impairment and memory deficit induced by Aβ1-40 in rats, as did vitamin E/C. FA reversed the deterioration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and AChE activities, and the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Vitamin E/C only selectively reversed deterioration in the hippocampus. We suggest that FA reduced the progression of cognitive deficits by activating central muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect Against Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer-Like Pathological Aberrations. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:1403-1418. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abd-El-Fattah MA, Abdelakader NF, Zaki HF. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate protects against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:330-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bihaqi SW, Singh AP, Tiwari M. Supplementation of Convolvulus pluricaulis attenuates scopolamine-induced increased tau and amyloid precursor protein (AβPP) expression in rat brain. Indian J Pharmacol 2013; 44:593-8. [PMID: 23112420 PMCID: PMC3480791 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Scopolamine is known to produce amnesia due to blockade of the cholinergic neurotransmission. The present study investigated the potential of Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP) to attenuate scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p) induced increased protein and mRNA levels of tau, amyloid precursor protein (AβPP), amyloid β (Aβ) levels and histopathological changes in rat cerebral cortex. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on male Wistar rats (250 ± 20 g) divided into four groups of eight animals each. Groups 1 and 2 served as controls receiving normal saline and scopolamine for 4 weeks, respectively. Group 3 received rivastigmine (standard) and group 4 received aqueous extract of CP simultaneously with scopolamine. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were used to evaluate the levels of protein and mRNA of amyloid precursor protein (AβPP) and tau in rat cortex and ELISA was used to measure the amyloid β (Aβ) levels. Histopathology was also performed on cortical section of all groups. Result: Oral administration of CP extract (150 mg/kg) to scopolamine treated rats reduced the increased protein and mRNA levels of tau and AβPP levels followed by reduction in Aβ levels compared with scopolamine treated group. The potential of extract to prevent scopolamine neurotoxicity was reflected at the microscopic level as well, indicative of its neuroprotective effects. Conclusion: CP treatment alleviated neurotoxic effect of scopolamine reflects its potential as potent neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waseem Bihaqi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
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Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is involved in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-enhanced cell motility and matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression in human chondrosarcoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15459-78. [PMID: 23892595 PMCID: PMC3759868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the primary malignancy of bone that is characterized by a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis, and is therefore associated with poor prognoses. Chondrosarcoma further shows a predilection for metastasis to the lungs. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a small molecule in the neurotrophin family of growth factors that is associated with the disease status and outcome of cancers. However, the effect of BDNF on cell motility in human chondrosarcoma cells is mostly unknown. Here, we found that human chondrosarcoma cell lines had significantly higher cell motility and BDNF expression compared to normal chondrocytes. We also found that BDNF increased cell motility and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in human chondrosarcoma cells. BDNF-mediated cell motility and MMP-1 up-regulation were attenuated by Trk inhibitor (K252a), ASK1 inhibitor (thioredoxin), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and p38 inhibitor (SB203580). Furthermore, BDNF also promoted Sp1 activation. Our results indicate that BDNF enhances the migration and invasion activity of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing MMP-1 expression through a signal transduction pathway that involves the TrkB receptor, ASK1, JNK/p38, and Sp1. BDNF thus represents a promising new target for treating chondrosarcoma metastasis.
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Lin TH, Liu HH, Tsai TH, Chen CC, Hsieh TF, Lee SS, Lee YJ, Chen WC, Tang CH. CCL2 increases αvβ3 integrin expression and subsequently promotes prostate cancer migration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4917-27. [PMID: 23845726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), belongs to the CC chemokine family which is associated with the disease status and outcomes of cancers. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and shows a predilection for metastasis to the bone. However, the effect of CCL2 on human prostate cancer cells is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the role of CCL2 in integrin expression and migratory activity in prostate cancers. METHODS Prostate cancer migration was examined using Transwell, wound healing, and invasion assay. The PKCδ and c-Src phosphorylations were examined by using western blotting. The qPCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of integrins. A transient transfection protocol was used to examine AP-1 activity. RESULTS Stimulation of prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) induced migration and expression of integrin αvβ3. Treatment of cells with αvβ3 antibody or siRNA abolished CCL2-increased cell migration. CCL2-increased migration and integrin expression were diminished by CCR2 but not by CCR4 inhibitors, suggesting that the CCR2 receptor is involved in CCL2-promoted prostate cancer migration. CCL2 activated a signal transduction pathway that includes PKCδ, c-Src, and AP-1. Reagents that inhibit specific components of this pathway each diminished the ability of CCL2 to effect cell migration and integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS Interaction between CCL2 and CCR2 enhances migration of prostate cancer cells through an increase in αvβ3 integrin production. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE CCL2 is a critical factor of prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Huang Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yu HS, Lin TH, Tang CH. Involvement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation in bradykinin promotes cell motility in human prostate cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:13329-45. [PMID: 23803661 PMCID: PMC3742189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140713329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and shows a predilection for metastasis to distant organs. Bradykinin (BK) is an inflammatory mediator and has recently been shown to mediate tumor growth and metastasis. The adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a critical role during tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine whether BK promotes prostate cancer cell migration via ICAM-1 expression. The motility of cancer cells was increased following BK treatment. Stimulation of prostate cancer cells with BK induced mRNA and protein expression of ICAM-1. Transfection of cells with ICAM-1 small interfering RNA reduced BK-increased cell migration. Pretreatment of prostate cancer cells with B2 receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and activator protein 1 (AP-1) inhibitors or mutants abolished BK-promoted migration and ICAM-1 expression. In addition, treatment with a B2 receptor, PI3K, or Akt inhibitor also reduced BK-mediated AP-1 activation. Our results indicate that BK enhances the migration of prostate cancer cells by increasing ICAM-1 expression through a signal transduction pathway that involves the B2 receptor, PI3K, Akt, and AP-1. Thus, BK represents a promising new target for treating prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Shan Yu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Tien-Huang Lin
- Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital Taichung Branch, Taichung 42743, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 7726); Fax: +886-4-2233-3641
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Tsai CH, Chiang YC, Chen HT, Huang PH, Hsu HC, Tang CH. High glucose induces vascular endothelial growth factor production in human synovial fibroblasts through reactive oxygen species generation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2649-58. [PMID: 23274526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an independent risk factor of osteoarthritis (OA). Angiogenesis is essential for the progression of OA. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in high glucose (HG)-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human synovial fibroblast cells. METHODS HG-mediated VEGF expression was assessed with qPCR and ELISA. The mechanisms of action of HG in different signaling pathways were studied using Western blotting. Knockdown of proteins was achieved by transfection with siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study in vivo binding of c-Jun to the VEGF promoter. RESULTS Stimulation of OA synovial fibroblasts (OASF) with HG induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in VEGF expression. Treatment of OASF with HG increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Pretreatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitor (APO or DPI), ROS scavenger (NAC), PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002 or wortmannin), Akt inhibitor, or AP-1 inhibitor (curcumin or tanshinone IIA) blocked the HG-induced VEGF production. HG also increased PI3K and Akt activation. Treatment of OASF with HG increased the accumulation of phosphorylated c-Jun in the nucleus, AP-1-luciferase activity, and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element on the VEGF promoter. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the HG increases VEGF expression in human synovial fibroblasts via the ROS, PI3K, Akt, c-Jun and AP-1 signaling pathway. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We link high glucose on VEGF expression in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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22
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Wu MH, Chen LM, Hsu HH, Lin JA, Lin YM, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Tang CH. Endothelin-1 enhances cell migration through COX-2 up-regulation in human chondrosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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D-pinitol inhibits prostate cancer metastasis through inhibition of αVβ3 integrin by modulating FAK, c-Src and NF-κB pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9790-802. [PMID: 23698767 PMCID: PMC3676813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and shows a predilection for metastasis to the bone. D-pinitol, a 3-methoxy analogue of d-chiro-inositol, was identified as an active principle in soy foods and legumes, and it has been proven to induce tumor apoptosis and metastasis of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastasis effects of D-pinitol in human prostate cancer cells. We found that D-pinitol reduced the migration and the invasion of prostate cancer cells (PC3 and DU145) at noncytotoxic concentrations. Integrins are the major adhesive molecules in mammalian cells and have been associated with the metastasis of cancer cells. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with D-pinitol reduced mRNA and cell surface expression of αvβ3 integrin. In addition, D-pinitol exerted its inhibitory effects by reducing focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, c-Src kinase activity and NF-κB activation. Thus, D-pinitol may be a novel anti-metastasis agent for the treatment of prostate cancer metastasis.
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Liu SC, Hsu CJ, Fong YC, Chuang SM, Tang CH. CTGF induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression to enhance monocyte migration in human synovial fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1114-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Endothelin-1 promotes vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:1725-35. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Tsou HK, Chen HT, Chang CH, Yang WY, Tang CH. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is mediated in TNF-α-induced CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3509-19. [PMID: 22711527 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA), was primarily produced by monocytes/macrophages and plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in TNF-α-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)/CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblast cells. Stimulation of synovial fibroblasts (OASF) with TNF-α induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in CCL2 expression. TNF-α-mediated CCL2 production was attenuated by TNFR1 monoclonal antibody (Ab). Pretreatment with an apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor (thioredoxin), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), p38 inhibitor (SB203580), or AP-1 inhibitor (curcumin or tanshinone IIA) also blocked the potentiating action of TNF-α. Stimulation of cells with TNF-α enhanced ASK1, JNK, and p38 activation. Treatment of OASF with TNF-α also increased the accumulation of phosphorylated c-Jun in the nucleus, AP-1-luciferase activity, and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element on the CCL2 promoter. TNF-α-mediated AP-1-luciferase activity and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element were inhibited by TNFR1 Ab, thioredoxin, SP600125, and SB203580. Our results suggest that the interaction between TNF-α and TNFR1 increases CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblasts via the ASK1, JNK/p38, c-Jun, and AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Kai Tsou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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27
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Li TM, Wu CM, Huang HC, Chou PC, Fong YC, Tang CH. Interleukin-11 increases cell motility and up-regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in human chondrosarcoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3353-62. [PMID: 22644863 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) was originally identified as the cytokine that could induce the proliferation of human cells. Recent studies have shown that IL-11 plays a critical role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Chondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. However, the effects of IL-11 on human chondrosarcoma cells are largely unknown. Here, we found that IL-11 increased the migration and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM)-1 in human chondrosarcoma cells. We also found that human chondrosarcoma tissues had significant expression of the IL-11 which was higher than that in primary chondrocytes. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and NF-κB pathways were activated by IL-11 treatment, and the IL-11-induced expression of ICAM-1 and migration activity were inhibited by the specific inhibitors and mutant forms of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB cascades. Taken together, our results indicate that IL-11 enhanced the migration of the chondrosarcoma cells by increasing ICAM-1 expression through the IL-11Rα receptor, PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Hou CH, Tang CH, Hsu CJ, Hou SM, Liu JF. CCN4 induces IL-6 production through αvβ5 receptor, PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB singling pathway in human synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R19. [PMID: 23343403 PMCID: PMC3672729 DOI: 10.1186/ar4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease that is involved in the degradation of articular cartilage. The exact etiology of OA is not completely understood. CCN4 is related to up-regulation in the cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis. Previous studies have shown that CCN4 might be associated with the pathogenesis of OA, but the exact signaling pathways in CCN4-mediated IL-6 expression in synovial fibroblasts (SF) are largely unknown. Therefore, we explored the intracellular signaling pathway involved in CCN4-induced IL-6 production in human synovial fibroblast cells. Methods CCN4-induced IL-6 production was assessed with quantitative real-time qPCR and ELISA. The mechanisms of action of CCN4 in different signaling pathways were studied by using Western blotting. Neutralizing antibodies of integrin were used to block the integrin signaling pathway. Luciferase assays were used to study IL-6 and NF-κB promoter activity. Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the translocation activity of p65. Results Osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) showed significant expression of CCN4 and the expression was higher than in normal SFs. OASF stimulation with CCN4 induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in IL-6 production. Pretreatment of OASFs with αvβ5 but not α5β1 and αvβ3 integrin antibodies reduced CCN4-induced IL-6 production. CCN4-mediated IL-6 production was attenuated by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002 and Wortmannin), Akt inhibitor (Akti), and NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC and TPCK). Stimulation of cells with CCN4 also increased PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB activation. Conclusions Our results suggest that CCN4 activates αvβ5 integrin, PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB pathways, leading to up-regulation of IL-6 production. According to our results, CCN4 may be an appropriate target for drug intervention in OA in the future.
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29
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Tsou HK, Chen HT, Hung YH, Chang CH, Li TM, Fong YC, Tang CH. HGF and c-Met interaction promotes migration in human chondrosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53974. [PMID: 23320110 PMCID: PMC3540013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity for local invasion and causing distant metastasis. Chondrosarcoma shows a predilection for metastasis to the lungs. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been demonstrated to stimulate cancer proliferation, migration, and metastasis. However, the effect of HGF on migration activity of human chondrosarcoma cells is not well known. Here, we found that human chondrosarcoma tissues demonstrated significant expression of HGF, which was higher than that in normal cartilage. We also found that HGF increased the migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in human chondrosarcoma cells. c-Met inhibitor and siRNA reduced HGF-increased cell migration and MMP-2 expression. HGF treatment resulted in activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/PKCδ/NF-κB pathway, and HGF-induced expression of MMP-2 and cell migration was inhibited by specific inhibitors or siRNA-knockdown of PI3K, Akt, PKCδ, and NF-κB cascades. Taken together, our results indicated that HGF enhances migration of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing MMP-2 expression through the c-Met receptor/PI3K/Akt/PKCδ/NF-κB signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Kai Tsou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Huey Hung
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang-Hwa Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Chang-Hwa County, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu JF, Hou SM, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Hsu CJ, Tang CH. CCN4 induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts and promotes monocyte adhesion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:966-75. [PMID: 23313051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CCN4 is a cysteine-rich protein that belongs to the Cyr61, CTGF, Nov family of matricellular proteins. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in CCN4-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts. Stimulation of OASFs with CCN4 induced VCAM-1 expression. CCN4-induced VCAM-1 expression was attenuated by αvβ5 or α6β1 integrin antibody, Syk inhibitor, PKCδ inhibitor (rottlerin), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and AP-1 inhibitors (curcumin and tanshinone). Stimulation of cells with CCN4 increased Syk, PKCδ, and JNK activation. Treatment of OASFs with CCN4 also increased c-Jun phosphorylation, AP-1-luciferase activity, and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element in the VCAM-1 promoter. Moreover, up-regulation of VCAM-1 increased the adhesion of monocytes to OASF monolayers, and this adhesion was attenuated by transfection with a VCAM-1 siRNA. Our results suggest that CCN4 increases VCAM-1 expression in human OASFs via the Syk, PKCδ, JNK, c-Jun, and AP-1 signaling pathways. The CCN4-induced VCAM-1 expression promoted monocyte adhesion to human OASFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Lin YM, Chang ZL, Liao YY, Chou MC, Tang CH. IL-6 promotes ICAM-1 expression and cell motility in human osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 328:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yu HS, Lin TH, Tang CH. Bradykinin enhances cell migration in human prostate cancer cells through B2 receptor/PKCδ/c-Src dependent signaling pathway. Prostate 2013; 73:89-100. [PMID: 22653778 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and shows a predilection for metastasis to the bone. Bradykinin (BK) is an inflammatory mediator, and shows elevated levels in regions of severe injury and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Bradykinin is associated with migration of prostate cancer cells. METHODS Cancer cells migration activity was examined using the Transwell assay. The c-Src and PKCδ phosphorylation was examined by using Western blot method. The qPCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of metalloproteinase. A transient transfection protocol was used to examine NF-κB activity. RESULTS We found that bradykinin increased the chemomigration and the expression of MMP-9 of human prostate cancer cells. Bradykinin-mediated chemomigration and metalloproteinase expression was attenuated by PKCδ inhibitor (rottlerin), PKCδ siRNA, c-Src inhibitor (PP2) and c-Src mutant. Activations of PKCδ, c-Src and NF-κB pathways after bradykinin treatment was demonstrated, and bradykinin-induced expression of metalloproteinase and chemomigration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor and mutant of PKCδ, c-Src, and NF-κB cascades. CONCLUSIONS This study showed for the first time that the bradykinin mediates migration of human prostate cancer cells. One of the mechanisms underlying bradykinin directed migration was transcriptional up-regulation of MMP-9 and activation of B2 receptor, PKCδ, c-Src, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Shan Yu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tzeng HE, Tsai CH, Chang ZL, Su CM, Wang SW, Hwang WL, Tang CH. Interleukin-6 induces vascular endothelial growth factor expression and promotes angiogenesis through apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 in human osteosarcoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:531-40. [PMID: 23219526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is characterized by a high malignant and metastatic potential. Angiogenesis is essential for the caner metastasis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that is associated with the disease status and outcomes of cancers. However, the relationship between IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human osteosarcoma is mostly unknown. Here we found that the IL-6 and VEGF expression was correlated with tumor stage and significantly higher than that in normal bone. Incubation of osteosarcoma cells with IL-6 increased VEGF mRNA and protein expression. Pretreatment of cells with IL-6R antibody reduced IL-6-mediated VEGF production. The apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/p38/AP-1 pathway was activated after IL-6 treatment, and IL-6-induced VEGF expression was abolished by the specific inhibitor and siRNA of ASK1, p38, and AP-1 cascades. Importantly, knockdown IL-6 reduced VEGF expression and abolished osteosarcoma conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-6 occurs through ASK1 and p38, which in turn activates AP-1, resulting in the activations of VEGF expression and contributing the angiogenesis of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu SC, Hsu CJ, Chen HT, Tsou HK, Chuang SM, Tang CH. CTGF increases IL-6 expression in human synovial fibroblasts through integrin-dependent signaling pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51097. [PMID: 23227240 PMCID: PMC3515445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; also known as CCN2) is an inflammatory mediator, and shows elevated levels in regions of severe injury and inflammatory diseases. CTGF is abundantly expressed in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the relationship between CTGF and IL-6 in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) is mostly unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings OASFs showed significant expression of CTGF, and expression was higher than in normal SFs. OASFs stimulation with CTGF induced concentration-dependent increases in IL-6 expression. CTGF mediated IL-6 production was attenuated by αvβ5 integrin neutralized antibody and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) shRNA. Pretreatment with p38 inhibitor (SB203580), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), AP-1 inhibitors (Curcumin and Tanshinone IIA), and NF-κB inhibitors (PDTC and TPCK) also inhibited the potentiating action of CTGF. CTGF-mediated increase of NF-κB and AP-1 luciferase activity was inhibited by SB203580 and SP600125 or ASK1 shRNA or p38 and JNK mutant. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that CTGF increased IL-6 production in OASFs via the αvβ5 integrin, ASK1, p38/JNK, and AP-1/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Chi Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin YM, Huang YL, Fong YC, Tsai CH, Chou MC, Tang CH. Hepatocyte growth factor increases vascular endothelial growth factor-A production in human synovial fibroblasts through c-Met receptor pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50924. [PMID: 23209838 PMCID: PMC3508989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is essential for the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an angiogenic mediator, and it shows elevated levels in regions of OA. However, the relationship between HGF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) is mostly unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we found that stimulation of OASFs with HGF induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in VEGF-A expression. Pretreatment with PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002), Akt inhibitor, or mTORC1 inhibitor (rapamycin) blocked the HGF-induced VEGF-A production. Treatment of cells with HGF also increased PI3K, Akt, and mTORC1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, HGF increased the stability and activity of HIF-1 protein. Moreover, the use of pharmacological inhibitors or genetic inhibition revealed that c-Met, PI3K, Akt, and mTORC1 signaling pathways were potentially required for HGF-induced HIF-1α activation. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our results provide evidence that HGF enhances VEGF-A expression in OASFs by an HIF-1α-dependent mechanism involving the activation of c-Met/PI3K/Akt and mTORC1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lin YM, Hsu CJ, Liao YY, Chou MC, Tang CH. The CCL2/CCR2 axis enhances vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185512 PMCID: PMC3503714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), belongs to the CC chemokine family that is associated with the disease status and outcomes of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in CCL2-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). Methodology/Principal Findings Stimulation of OASFs with CCL2 induced VCAM-1 expression. CCL2-mediated VCAM-1 expression was attenuated by CCR2 inhibitor (RS102895), PKCδ inhibitor (rottlerin), p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), and AP-1 inhibitors (curcumin and tanshinone IIA). Stimulation of cells with CCL2 increased PKCδ and p38MAPK activation. Treatment of OASFs with CCL2 also increased the c-Jun phosphorylation and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element on the VCAM-1 promoter. Moreover, CCL2-mediated CCR2, PKCδ, p38MAPK, and AP-1 pathway promoted the adhesion of monocytes to the OASFs monolayer. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that CCL2 increases VCAM-1 expression in human OASFs via the CCR2, PKCδ, p38MAPK, c-Jun, and AP-1 signaling pathway. The CCL2-induced VCAM-1 expression promoted monocytes adhesion to human OASFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ya Liao
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHT); (MCC)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CHT); (MCC)
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Melatonin attenuates scopolamine-induced memory/synaptic disorder by rescuing EPACs/miR-124/Egr1 pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:373-81. [PMID: 23054680 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia in elderly people. There are decreased melatonin levels in the serum of AD patients, and melatonin supplements are able to reverse AD pathology and memory deficits in many animal experiments and clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanism regarding how melatonin rescues the AD-like memory/synaptic disorder remains unknown. Here, we use the Morris water maze, step-down inhibitory avoidance task, in vivo long-term potentiation recording, and Golgi staining and report that intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (1 mg/kg/day) for 14 days in rats effectively reverses the memory and synaptic impairment in scopolamine-induced amnesia, a well-recognized dementia animal model. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting experiments, we further determined that melatonin rescues the EPACs/miR-124/Egr1 signal pathway, which is important in learning and memory, as reported recently. Our studies provide a novel underlying epigenetic mechanism for melatonin to attenuate the synaptic disorder and could benefit drug discovery in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Huang CY, Chen SY, Tsai HC, Hsu HC, Tang CH. Thrombin induces epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and CCL2 expression in human osteoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:3344-54. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chuang JY, Yu NY, Chiang IP, Lai CH, Lin CD, Tang CH. Cyr61 increases matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression and cell motility in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1977-86. [PMID: 22253074 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a striking tendency to migrate and metastasize. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61), from the CCN gene family, is a secreted and matrix-associated protein, which is involved in many cellular activities such as growth and differentiation. However, the effects of Cyr61 on human OSCC cells are largely unknown. In this study, we found that Cyr61 increased the migration and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP)-3 in human OSCC cells. αvβ5 or α6β1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) inhibited the Cyr61-induced increase of the migration and MMP-3 up-regulation of OSCC cells. Cyr61 stimulation increased the phosphorylation of FAK, MEK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In addition, NF-κB inhibitors suppressed the cell migration and MMP-3 expression enhanced by Cyr61. Moreover, Cyr61 increased NF-κB luciferase activity and binding of p65 to the NF-κB element on the MMP-3 promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that Cyr61 enhances the migration of OSCC cells by increasing MMP-3 expression through the αvβ3 or α6β1 integrin receptor, FAK, MEK, ERK, and NF-κB signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen HT, Tsou HK, Chang CH, Tang CH. Hepatocyte growth factor increases osteopontin expression in human osteoblasts through PI3K, Akt, c-Src, and AP-1 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38378. [PMID: 22675553 PMCID: PMC3366938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been demonstrated to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and participated bone remodeling. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein that belongs to the SIBLING family and is present during bone mineralization. However, the effects of HGF on OPN expression in human osteoblasts are large unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we found that HGF induced OPN expression in human osteoblasts dose-dependently. HGF-mediated OPN production was attenuated by c-Met inhibitor and siRNA. Pretreatment of osteoblasts with PI3K inhibitor (Ly294002), Akt inhibitor, c-Src inhibitor (PP2), or AP-1 inhibitor (curcumin) blocked the potentiating action of HGF. Stimulation of osteoblasts with HGF enhanced PI3K, Akt, and c-Src activation. In addition, incubation of cells with HGF also increased c-Jun phosphorylation, AP-1-luciferase activity, and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element on the OPN promoter. HGF-mediated AP-1-luciferase activity and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element was reduced by c-Met inhibitor, Ly294002, Akt inhibitor, and PP2. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that the interaction between HGF and c-Met increases OPN expression in human osteoblasts via the PI3K, Akt, c-Src, c-Jun, and AP-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Te Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu JF, Hou SM, Tsai CH, Huang CY, Yang WH, Tang CH. Thrombin induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts through protease-activated receptor signaling pathways. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R91. [PMID: 22541814 PMCID: PMC3446465 DOI: 10.1186/ar3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thrombin is a key factor in the stimulation of fibrin deposition, angiogenesis, and proinflammatory processes. Abnormalities in these processes are primary features of osteoarthritis (OA). Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a stress-inducible rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation that confers cytoprotection against oxidative injury. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in thrombin-induced HO-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts (SFs). Methods Thrombin-mediated HO-1 expression was assessed with quantitative real-time (q)PCR. The mechanisms of action of thrombin in different signaling pathways were studied by using Western blotting. Knockdown of protease-activated receptor (PAR) proteins was achieved by transfection with siRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study in vivo binding of Nrf2 to the HO-1 promoter. Transient transfection was used to examine HO-1 activity. Results Osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) showed significant expression of thrombin, and expression was higher than in normal SFs. OASFs stimulation with thrombin induced concentration- and time-dependent increases in HO-1 expression. Pharmacologic inhibitors or activators and genetic inhibition by siRNA of protease-activated receptors (PARs) revealed that the PAR1 and PAR3 receptors, but not the PAR4 receptor, are involved in thrombin-mediated upregulation of HO-1. Thrombin-mediated HO-1 expression was attenuated by thrombin inhibitor (PPACK), PKCδ inhibitor (rottlerin), or c-Src inhibitor (PP2). Stimulation of cells with thrombin increased PKCδ, c-Src, and Nrf2 activation. Conclusion Our results suggest that the interaction between thrombin and PAR1/PAR3 increases HO-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts through the PKCδ, c-Src, and Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, 95 Wen Chang Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsai SY, Huang YL, Yang WH, Tang CH. Hepatocyte growth factor-induced BMP-2 expression is mediated by c-Met receptor, FAK, JNK, Runx2, and p300 pathways in human osteoblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:156-62. [PMID: 22504529 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been demonstrated to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and participated bone remodeling. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a crucial mediator in bone formation during fracture healing. However, the effects of HGF in BMP-2 expression in human osteoblasts are large unknown. Here we found that HGF induced BMP-2 expression in human osteoblasts dose-dependently. HGF-mediated BMP-2 production was attenuated by c-Met inhibitor or siRNA. Pretreatment with FAK inhibitor or JNK inhibitor (SP600125) also blocked the potentiating action of HGF. Stimulation of osteoblasts with HGF enhanced FAK phosphorylation, JNK phosphorylation, and RunX2 translocation from cytosol to the nucleus. HGF-mediated Runx2 binding to BMP-2 promoter was inhibited by c-Met inhibitor, FAK inhibitor, and SP600125. The binding of Runx2 to the BMP-2 promoter, as well as the recruitment of p300 and the enhancement of histones H3 and H4 acetylation on the BMP-2 promoter was enhanced by HGF. Our results suggest that HGF increased BMP-2 production in human osteoblasts via the c-Met receptor/FAK/JNK/Runx2 and p300 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yao Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang SW, Wu HH, Liu SC, Wang PC, Ou WC, Chou WY, Shen YS, Tang CH. CCL5 and CCR5 interaction promotes cell motility in human osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35101. [PMID: 22506069 PMCID: PMC3323659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is characterized by a high malignant and metastatic potential. CCL5 (previously called RANTES) was originally recognized as a product of activated T cells, and plays a crucial role in the migration and metastasis of human cancer cells. It has been reported that the effect of CCL5 is mediated via CCR receptors. However, the effect of CCL5 on migration activity and integrin expression in human osteosarcoma cells is mostly unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we found that CCL5 increased the migration and expression of αvβ3 integrin in human osteosarcoma cells. Stimulation of cells with CCL5 increased CCR5 but not CCR1 and CCR3 expression. CCR5 mAb, inhibitor, and siRNA reduced the CCL5-enhanced the migration and integrin up-regulation of osteosarcoma cells. Activations of MEK, ERK, and NF-κB pathways after CCL5 treatment were demonstrated, and CCL5-induced expression of integrin and migration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor and mutant of MEK, ERK, and NF-κB cascades. In addition, over-expression of CCL5 shRNA inhibited the migratory ability and integrin expression in osteosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE CCL5 and CCR5 interaction acts through MEK, ERK, which in turn activates NF-κB, resulting in the activations of αvβ3 integrin and contributing the migration of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hsien Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuen Shen
- Holistic Education Center, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang GS, Hong MY. Genomic Expression for Rat Model of Damp Obstruction in Chinese Medicine: Application of Microarray Technology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 33:459-74. [PMID: 16047563 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x05003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Damp obstruction refers to the stagnation of vital energy (qi) caused by dampness resulting in dysfunction of body and limbs movement, as well as impairment of spleen and stomach digestive function. Damp obstruction is the dampness-induced imbalance of five elements; thus it serves as an ideal model for genomic study using cDNA microarray. We have performed microarray analyses to major organs of damp-obstructed rats. Cluster analysis for the expression profiles of major organs indicated that spleen, stomach, and kidney respond to dampness differently from heart, liver, lung, and brain. Gene expression profile specific to each element or group of elements was also identified. Our results are consistent with the philosophy of Chinese medicine that the five elements, metal (lung), wood (liver), water (kidney), fire (heart), and earth (spleen and stomach) coordinate by subjugation or restriction to maintain a healthy, physiological state. This is the first time that a powerful genomic tool was applied to probe the ancient theory of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Steve Huang
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Effect of resveratrol on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:438-44. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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HMGB-1 induces cell motility and α5β1 integrin expression in human chondrosarcoma cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:98-106. [PMID: 22361176 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB)-1 is a widely studied, ubiquitous nuclear protein that is present in eukaryotic cells, and plays a crucial role in inflammatory response. However, the effects of HMGB-1 on human chondrosarcoma cells are largely unknown. In this study, we found that HMGB-1 increased the migration and the expression of α5β1 integrin in human chondrosarcoma cells. Transfection of cells with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) receptor siRNA reduced HMGB-1-induced cell migration and integrin expression. Activations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and AP-1 pathways after HMGB-1 treatment were demonstrated, and HMGB-1-induced expression of integrin and migration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor and mutant of PI3K, Akt, and AP-1 cascades. Taken together, our results indicated that HMGB-1 enhances the migration of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing α5β1 integrin expression through the RAGE receptor/PI3K/Akt/c-Jun/AP-1 signal transduction pathway.
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Chen PC, Lin TH, Cheng HC, Tang CH. CCN3 increases cell motility and ICAM-1 expression in prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:937-45. [PMID: 22345292 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV or CCN3) is a secreted matrix-associated protein that belongs to the CCN gene family and is involved in many cellular functions, including growth, differentiation and adhesion. The effect of CCN3 on human prostate cancer cells, however, is unknown. Here, we have shown that CCN3 increased cell migration and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in prostate cancer cells. In addition, expression of CCN3 was positively correlated with both cell migration and ICAM-1 expression in human prostate cancer cells. CCN3 activated a signal transduction pathway that included αvβ3 integrin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Reagents that inhibit specific components of this pathway each diminished the ability of CCN3 to effect cell migration and ICAM-1 expression. Moreover, CCN3 increased binding of p65 to an NF-κB-binding element in the ICAM-1 promoter. Finally, knockdown of CCN3 expression markedly inhibited cell migration, tumor growth in bone and bone metastasis. Taken together, our results indicate that CCN3 enhances the migration of prostate cancer cells by increasing ICAM-1 expression through a signal transduction pathway that involves αvβ3 integrin, ILK, Akt and NF-κB. CCN3 thus represents a promising new target for treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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D-pinitol inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:494-500. [PMID: 22269833 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that inflammatory cytokines play a major role in osteoclastogenesis, leading to the bone resorption that is frequently associated with osteoporosis. D-pinitol, a 3-methoxy analogue of D-chiroinositol, was identified as an active principle in soy foods and legumes. Here we found that D-pinitol markedly inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastic differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells and RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, D-pinitol also reduced RANKL-induced p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, RANKL-mediated increase of IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and NF-κB-luciferase activity was inhibited by D-pinitol. However, D-pinitol did not affect the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. In addition, D-pinitol also prevented the bone loss induced by ovariectomy in vivo. Our data suggest that D-pinitol inhibits osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow stromal cells and macrophage cells via attenuated RANKL-induced p38, JNK, and NF-κB activation, which in turn protect bone loss from ovariectomy.
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Konar A, Shah N, Singh R, Saxena N, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Thakur MK. Protective role of Ashwagandha leaf extract and its component withanone on scopolamine-induced changes in the brain and brain-derived cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27265. [PMID: 22096544 PMCID: PMC3214041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scopolamine is a well-known cholinergic antagonist that causes amnesia in human and animal models. Scopolamine-induced amnesia in rodent models has been widely used to understand the molecular, biochemical, behavioral changes, and to delineate therapeutic targets of memory impairment. Although this has been linked to the decrease in central cholinergic neuronal activity following the blockade of muscarinic receptors, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanism(s) particularly the effect on neuroplasticity remains elusive. In the present study, we have investigated (i) the effects of scopolamine on the molecules involved in neuronal and glial plasticity both in vivo and in vitro and (ii) their recovery by alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves (i-Extract). Methodology/Principal Findings As a drug model, scopolamine hydrobromide was administered intraperitoneally to mice and its effect on the brain function was determined by molecular analyses. The results showed that the scopolamine caused downregulation of the expression of BDNF and GFAP in dose and time dependent manner, and these effects were markedly attenuated in response to i-Extract treatment. Similar to our observations in animal model system, we found that the scopolamine induced cytotoxicity in IMR32 neuronal and C6 glioma cells. It was associated with downregulation of neuronal cell markers NF-H, MAP2, PSD-95, GAP-43 and glial cell marker GFAP and with upregulation of DNA damage- γH2AX and oxidative stress- ROS markers. Furthermore, these molecules showed recovery when cells were treated with i-Extract or its purified component, withanone. Conclusion Our study suggested that besides cholinergic blockade, scopolamine-induced memory loss may be associated with oxidative stress and Ashwagandha i-Extract, and withanone may serve as potential preventive and therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders and hence warrant further molecular analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Konar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Navjot Shah
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rumani Singh
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nishant Saxena
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (RW); (MKT)
| | - Mahendra K. Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- * E-mail: (RW); (MKT)
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Paban V, Chambon C, Manrique C, Touzet C, Alescio-Lautier B. Neurotrophic signaling molecules associated with cholinergic damage in young and aged rats: Environmental enrichment as potential therapeutic agent. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:470-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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