The effect of natural clinoptilolite on the serotonergic receptors in the brain of mice with mammary carcinoma

Targeting Underlying Inflammation in Carcinoma Is Essential for the Resolution of Depressiveness

In modern clinical practice and research on behavioral changes in patients with oncological problems, there are several one-sided approaches to these problems. Strategies for early detection of behavioral changes are considered, but they must take into account the specifics of the localization and phase in the course and treatment of somatic oncological disease. Behavioral changes, in particular, may correlate with systemic proinflammatory changes. In the up-to-date literature, there are a lot of useful pointers on the relationship between carcinoma and inflammation and between depression and inflammation. This review is intended to provide an overview of these similar underlying inflammatory disturbances in both oncological disease and depression. The specificities of acute and chronic inflammation are considered as a basis for causal current and future therapies. Modern therapeutic oncology protocols may also cause transient behavioral changes, so assessment of the quality, quantity, and duration of behavioral symptoms is necessary to prescribe adequate therapy. Conversely, antidepressant properties could be used to ameliorate inflammation. We will attempt to provide some impetus and present some unconventional potential treatment targets related to inflammation. It is certain that only an integrative oncology approach is justifiable in modern patient treatment.

Synthetic Zeolite Supplementation as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of Diabetic Syndrome

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Natural and Synthetic Zeolite (SZ) is potentially useful for biopharmaceuticals and bio tools due to its unique and outstanding physical and chemical properties. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible effect of synthetic zeolite in (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> About 4 groups of rats were used, (I) normal control, (II) SZ group, (300 mg/kg/day), (III) STZ group, diabetic rats acted as positive control and (IV) STZ+SZ group, included diabetic rats treated with synthetic zeolite (300 mg/kg/day), statistical analysis comparisons between means were carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post hock (Tukey) multiple comparisons test at p<u>></u>0.05. <b>Results:</b> After six weeks, treatment of diabetic animals with synthetic zeolite markedly exhibited a significant reduction in glucose, lipids, DNA fragmentation, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT), urea, creatinine, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels concomitant with a significant rise in insulin, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) values close to the corresponding values of healthy ones. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, synthetic zeolite exhibits multi-health benefits with promising potentials against STZ-induced diabetes, this behaviour may be attributed to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging mechanisms.

Zeolite Clinoptilolite: Therapeutic Virtues of an Ancient Mineral

Zeolites are porous minerals with high absorbency and ion-exchange capacity. Their molecular structure is a dense network of AlO4 and SiO4 that generates cavities where water and other polar molecules or ions are inserted/exchanged. Even though there are several synthetic or natural occurring species of zeolites, the most widespread and studied is the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite (ZC). ZC is an excellent detoxifying, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. As a result, it is been used in many industrial applications ranging from environmental remediation to oral applications/supplementation in vivo in humans as food supplements or medical devices. Moreover, the modification as micronization of ZC (M-ZC) or tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite (TMAZ) or furthermore as double tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite (PMA-ZC) allows improving its benefits in preclinical and clinical models. Despite its extensive use, many underlying action mechanisms of ZC in its natural or modified forms are still unclear, especially in humans. The main aim of this review is to shed light on the geochemical aspects and therapeutic potentials of ZC with a vision of endorsing further preclinical and clinical research on zeolites, in specific on the ZC and its modified forms as a potential agent for promoting human brain health and overall well-being.

Critical Review on Zeolite Clinoptilolite Safety and Medical Applications in vivo

Unique and outstanding physical and chemical properties of zeolite materials make them extremely useful in a variety of applications including agronomy, ecology, manufacturing, and industrial processes. Recently, a more specific application of one naturally occurring zeolite material, clinoptilolite, has been widely studied in veterinary and human medicine. Due to a number of positive effects on health, including detoxification properties, the usage of clinoptilolite-based products in vivo has increased enormously. However, concerns have been raised in the public about the safety of clinoptilolite materials for in vivo applications. Here, we review the scientific literature on the health effects and safety in medical applications of different clinoptilolite-based materials and propose some comprehensive, scientifically-based hypotheses on possible biological mechanisms underlying the observed effects on the health and body homeostasis. We focus on the safety of the clinoptilolite material and the positive medical effects related to detoxification, immune response, and the general health status.

Applications of zeolites in biotechnology and medicine – a review

Zeolites are microporous natural or synthetic tectosilicates, promising for organism detoxification, improvement of the nutrition status and immunity, separation of various biomolecules and cells, detection of biomarkers of various diseases, controlled drug and gene delivery, radical scavenging, haemostasis, tissue engineering and biomaterial coating.

Counteraction of Apoptotic and Inflammatory Effects of Adriamycin in the Liver Cell Culture by Clinopitolite

Growing evidence has been reported on adriamycin (ADR) hepatotoxicity in literature. Hepatotoxicity caused by the use of drugs has a serious undesirable effect in the cure of cancer patients that needs to be eliminated. The exact mechanism of ADR on non-cancerous tissue still remains to be a mystery. The zeolite (clinoptilolite) minerals form a complex group of aluminosilicates that often occur as accessory minerals in intermediate and basic rocks. In light of this information, we investigated the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of clinoptilolite in ADR that is inducing the toxicity in primary liver cell culture. Primary liver cell culture from rat was used in the study. We had three experiment groups including the following: (1) cells treated only with 50 μM ADR for 24 h, (2) cells treated with the 50 μM ADR for 24 h and then treated with 10(-4) M zeolite for 1 h, and (3) cells were incubated with 50 μM ADR for 24 h and then incubated with 10(-4) M zeolite for 24 h to test its long-term effects. After that, western blotting was performed in order to evaluate protein expression levels of several inflammation markers including IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect apoptosis in liver cell culture. Also, TdT-dUTP Terminal Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) method was used for detecting apoptosis. We found elevated levels of inflammatory protein and apoptotic markers in ADR-administered cells (p < 0.05). Inflammatory and apoptotic markers decreased significantly after treated with zeolite (p < 0.05). The present study was pointed out that ADR causes hepatotoxicity via apoptosis and/or inflammation processes resulting from initiator NF-κB and TNF which causes proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1β. Elevation of inflammation might give rise to trigger apoptosis. Clinoptilolite counteracted the apoptosis and inflammation induced by ADR arising from the decrease in NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β protein levels.

Neuroprotective Actions of Clinoptilolite and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Against Lead-induced Toxicity in Mice Mus musculus

Objectives:

Oxidative stress is considered as a possible molecular mechanism involved in lead (Pb²⁺) neurotoxicity. Very few studies have been investigated on the occurrence of oxidative stress in developing animals due to Pb²⁺ exposure. Considering the vulnerability of the developing brain to Pb²⁺, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of Pb²⁺ exposure in brain regions especially on antioxidant enzyme activities along with ameliorative effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and clinoptilolite.

Methods:

Three-week old developing Swiss mice Mus musculus were intraperitoneally administered with Pb²⁺ acetate in water (w/v) (100 mg/kg body weight/day) for 21 days and control group was given distilled water. Further Pb²⁺-toxicated mice were made into two subgroups and separately supplemented with EDTA and clinoptilolite (100 mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks.

Results:

In Pb²⁺-exposed mice, in addition to increased lipid peroxidation, the activity levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione (GSH) found to decrease in all regions of brain indicating, existence of severe oxidative stress due to decreased antioxidant function. Treatment of Pb²⁺-exposed mice with EDTA and clinoptilolite lowered the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels revealing their antioxidant potential to prevent oxidative stress. Similarly their administration led to recover the level of catalase, SOD, and GPx enzymes affected during Pb²⁺ toxicity in different regions of brain.

Conclusions:

The protection of brain tissue against Pb²⁺-induced toxicity by clinoptilolite and EDTA in the present experiment might be due to their ability to react faster with peroxyl radicals there by reducing the severity of biochemical variable indicative of oxidative damage. Thus, the results of present study indicate the neuroprotective potential of clinoptilolite and EDTA against Pb²⁺ toxicity.

Dietary zeolite supplementation reduces oxidative damage and plaque generation in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model

AIM

Oxidative stress is considered one of the main events that lead to aging and neurodegeneration. Antioxidant treatments used to counteract oxidative damage have been associated with a wide variety of side effects or at the utmost to be ineffective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant property of a natural mineral, the tribomechanically micronized zeolite (MZ).

MAIN METHODS

Cell death and oxidative stress were assessed in retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a neuronal-like cell line, after a pro-oxidant stimulus. In vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity and amyloidogenic processing of beta amyloid have been evaluated in a transgenic model of aging related neurodegeneration, the APPswePS1dE9 transgenic mice (tg mice) after a five-month long period of water supplementation with MZ.

KEY FINDINGS

The study showed that 24h of cell pretreatment with MZ (1) protected the cells by radical oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell death and moreover (2) induced a reduction of the mitochondrial ROS production following a pro-oxidant stimulation. Looking for an antioxidant effect of MZ in vivo, we found (3) an increased activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus of tg mice and (4) a reduction in amyloid levels and plaque load in MZ treated tg mice compared to control tg mice.

SIGNIFICANCE

Our results suggest MZ as a novel potential adjuvant in counteracting oxidative stress and plaque accumulation in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.