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Mazzotta E, Grants I, Villalobos-Hernandez E, Chaudhuri S, McClain JL, Seguella L, Kendig DM, Blakeney BA, Murthy SK, Schneider R, Leven P, Wehner S, Harzman A, Grider JR, Gulbransen BD, Christofi FL. BQ788 reveals glial ET B receptor modulation of neuronal cholinergic and nitrergic pathways to inhibit intestinal motility: Linked to postoperative ileus. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2550-2576. [PMID: 37198101 PMCID: PMC11085045 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ET-1 signalling modulates intestinal motility and inflammation, but the role of ET-1/ETB receptor signalling is poorly understood. Enteric glia modulate normal motility and inflammation. We investigated whether glial ETB signalling regulates neural-motor pathways of intestinal motility and inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied ETB signalling using: ETB drugs (ET-1, SaTX, BQ788), activity-dependent stimulation of neurons (high K+ -depolarization, EFS), gliotoxins, Tg (Ednrb-EGFP)EP59Gsat/Mmucd mice, cell-specific mRNA in Sox10CreERT2 ;Rpl22-HAflx or ChATCre ;Rpl22-HAflx mice, Sox10CreERT2 ::GCaMP5g-tdT, Wnt1Cre2 ::GCaMP5g-tdT mice, muscle tension recordings, fluid-induced peristalsis, ET-1 expression, qPCR, western blots, 3-D LSM-immunofluorescence co-labelling studies in LMMP-CM and a postoperative ileus (POI) model of intestinal inflammation. KEY RESULTS In the muscularis externa ETB receptor is expressed exclusively in glia. ET-1 is expressed in RiboTag (ChAT)-neurons, isolated ganglia and intra-ganglionic varicose-nerve fibres co-labelled with peripherin or SP. ET-1 release provides activity-dependent glial ETB receptor modulation of Ca2+ waves in neural evoked glial responses. BQ788 reveals amplification of glial and neuronal Ca2+ responses and excitatory cholinergic contractions, sensitive to L-NAME. Gliotoxins disrupt SaTX-induced glial-Ca2+ waves and prevent BQ788 amplification of contractions. The ETB receptor is linked to inhibition of contractions and peristalsis. Inflammation causes glial ETB up-regulation, SaTX-hypersensitivity and glial amplification of ETB signalling. In vivo BQ788 (i.p., 1 mg·kg-1 ) attenuates intestinal inflammation in POI. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Enteric glial ET-1/ETB signalling provides dual modulation of neural-motor circuits to inhibit motility. It inhibits excitatory cholinergic and stimulates inhibitory nitrergic motor pathways. Amplification of glial ETB receptors is linked to muscularis externa inflammation and possibly pathogenic mechanisms of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvio Mazzotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Iveta Grants
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Samhita Chaudhuri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathon L McClain
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Derek M Kendig
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bryan A Blakeney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Srinivasa K Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Patrick Leven
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alan Harzman
- Department of GI Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John R Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Fedias L Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Takeo M, Lee W, Rabbani P, Sun Q, Hu H, Lim CH, Manga P, Ito M. EdnrB Governs Regenerative Response of Melanocyte Stem Cells by Crosstalk with Wnt Signaling. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1291-302. [PMID: 27134165 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Delineating the crosstalk between distinct signaling pathways is key to understanding the diverse and dynamic responses of adult stem cells during tissue regeneration. Here, we demonstrate that the Edn/EdnrB signaling pathway can interact with other signaling pathways to elicit distinct stem cell functions during tissue regeneration. EdnrB signaling promotes proliferation and differentiation of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs), dramatically enhancing the regeneration of hair and epidermal melanocytes. This effect is dependent upon active Wnt signaling that is initiated by Wnt ligand secretion from the hair follicle epithelial niche. Further, this Wnt-dependent EdnrB signaling can rescue the defects in melanocyte regeneration caused by Mc1R loss. This suggests that targeting Edn/EdnrB signaling in McSCs can be a therapeutic approach to promote photoprotective-melanocyte regeneration, which may be useful for those with increased risk of skin cancers due to Mc1R variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeo
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Piul Rabbani
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chae Ho Lim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Prashiela Manga
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mayumi Ito
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and the Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Douglas SA, Ohlstein EH, Johns DG. Techniques: Cardiovascular pharmacology and drug discovery in the 21st century. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004; 25:225-33. [PMID: 15063087 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The latter half of the 20th century has been characterized by pharmacologists as the 'age of the receptor', an era in which the bioassay, that stalwart of classical pharmacology, has played a seminal role in identifying novel cardiovascular medicines. In this article, we ask what, if anything, has changed in the pharmacologist's approach to discovering novel cardiovascular drugs on this, the 25th anniversary of the inaugural publication of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Douglas
- Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation (UW2510), Cardiovascular and Urogenital Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA.
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5
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Chow M, Dumont AS, Kassell NF. Endothelin Receptor Antagonists and Cerebral Vasospasm: An Update. Neurosurgery 2002. [DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000309108.94215.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chow
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Neal F. Kassell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Berthiaume N, Yanagisawa M, Labonté J, D'Orléans-Juste P. Heterozygous knock-Out of ET(B) receptors induces BQ-123-sensitive hypertension in the mouse. Hypertension 2000; 36:1002-7. [PMID: 11116115 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.36.6.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous knock-out of ET(A) or ET(B) receptor genes results in lethal developmental phenotypes in the mouse. Such deleterious phenotypes do not occur in heterozygous littermates. However, it remains to be determined whether mice partially defective in ET(A) or ET(B) receptors display significant alterations in their responses to exogenous or endogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1). Furthermore, the anesthetized ET(B) (+/-) knock-out mice showed a significantly higher mean arterial blood pressure than the ET(A) (+/-) knock-out or their wild-type littermates. The pressor response to ET-1 but not to a selective ET(B) agonist, IRL-1620, was significantly reduced in the ET(A) (+/-) knock-out mice. In ET(B) (+/-) knock-out mice, the pressor effect of IRL-1620 was more markedly altered than those induced by ET-1. In wild-type mice, both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors were found to be involved in the pressor effect of ET-1, as confirmed by the significant and specific antagonism induced by either BQ-123 (ET(A) antagonist) or BQ-788 (ET(B) antagonist). Also, ET(A)-selective or mixed ET(A)/ET(B)- but not ET(B)-selective antagonists reversed the hypertensive state of the ET(B) (+/-) knock-out mice to the level of wild-type littermates. Finally, radiolabeled ET-1 plasmatic clearance was altered in ET(B) (+/-) but not ET(A) (+/-) knock-out mice when compared with wild-type animals. Thus, heterozygous knock-out of ET(B) receptors results in a hypertensive state, suggesting an important physiological role for that particular receptorial entity in opposing the endogenous ET-1-dependent pressor effects in the mouse.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Drug Interactions
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Endothelins/pharmacology
- Endothelins/therapeutic use
- Female
- Heterozygote
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Indans/pharmacology
- Indans/therapeutic use
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Male
- Metabolic Clearance Rate
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Endothelin A
- Receptor, Endothelin B
- Receptors, Endothelin/agonists
- Receptors, Endothelin/deficiency
- Receptors, Endothelin/genetics
- Receptors, Endothelin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Berthiaume
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Medical School, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
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Dembowski C, Hofmann P, Koch T, Kamrowski-Kruck H, Riedesel H, Krammer HJ, Kaup FJ, Ehrenreich H. Phenotype, intestinal morphology, and survival of homozygous and heterozygous endothelin B receptor--deficient (spotting lethal) rats. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35:480-8. [PMID: 10726693 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(00)90218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Spotting lethal (sl) rats, a model for Hirschsprung's disease, recently have been found to carry a deletion in the endothelin B (ET(B)) gene, causing functional lack of ET(B) receptors. The ET(B) receptor mediates, together with and in counterbalance to the ET(A) receptor, endothelin actions on vessels, cell proliferation, and migration. The authors investigated the effect of homozygosity (sI/sI) or heterozygosity (+/sl) on phenotype, intestinal morphology, and survival. METHODS Weight, circumference, and serum albumin were measured. Histological tests of major organs and immunoperoxidase reaction for Peripherin, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and S-100 in small and large intestine were performed. Peripherin-immunostained sections of colon and jejunum were analyzed morphometrically. Screening for sepsis included search for enterocolitis, bacterial infection, endotoxin, and iNOS mRNA. RESULTS Sl/sl rats died within 4 weeks of life, showing an early and a later death group. Serum albumin levels were decreased in sl/sl rats, whereas signs of sepsis were rare. Immunostaining uncovered alterations in nerve and glial cells in the whole gut of sl/sl rats, and to a subtle degree also in +/sl rats, which appear clinically normal. Morphometric quantification yielded statistically significant alterations in sl/sl rats only. No obvious abnormalities were found in other organs. CONCLUSIONS Sl/sl rats die from malnutrition rather than sepsis, too early for ischemic complications to occur. Rats of the later death group are a suitable model for studying the ET8 receptor in vivo. Subtle abnormalities in the enteric nervous system of heterozygous rats underline the critical role of the "gene dose" for functional compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dembowski
- Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Chapter IV Brain endothelin and natriuretic peptide receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8196(00)80006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ehrenreich H, Oldenburg J, Hasselblatt M, Herms J, Dembowski C, Löffler BM, Brück W, Kamrowski-Kruck H, Gall S, Sirén AL, Schilling L. Endothelin B receptor-deficient rats as a subtraction model to study the cerebral endothelin system. Neuroscience 1999; 91:1067-75. [PMID: 10391484 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins, due to their potent vasoactivity and mitogenicity, appear to play an important role in the brain, where all components of the endothelin system, peptides, receptors and converting enzyme, are expressed. To further elucidate the role of the cerebral endothelin system, astrocytes and cerebral vessels from sl/sl rats, devoid of functional endothelin B receptors, have been employed. Astrocytes from sl/sl rats display the following abnormalities as compared to wild-type (+/+) cells: (i) elevated basal extracellular endothelin-1 levels; (ii) exclusive presence of functional endothelin A receptors; (iii) increased extracellular endothelin-1 levels upon endothelin A receptor blockade; (iv) augmented basal endothelin-converting enzyme activity; (v) altered calcium response to endothelin-1. The basilar artery of sl/sl rats shows an enhanced constricting response to endothelin-1 and fails to dilate in response to endothelin-3, shifting the endothelin vasomotor balance to constriction. In conclusion, endothelin B receptors may be essential for restricting extracellular endothelin-1 levels in the brain, as well as for a balanced cerebral vasomotor action of endothelins.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ehrenreich
- Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine and Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
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Ohuchi T, Kuwaki T, Ling GY, Dewit D, Ju KH, Onodera M, Cao WH, Yanagisawa M, Kumada M. Elevation of blood pressure by genetic and pharmacological disruption of the ETB receptor in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:R1071-7. [PMID: 10198387 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.4.r1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exogenously administered endothelin (ET) elicits both pressor and depressor responses through the ETA and/or the ETB receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells and ETB on endothelial cells. To test whether ETB has pressor or depressor effects under basal physiological conditions, we determined arterial blood pressure (BP) in ETB-deficient mice obtained by crossing inbred mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of the ETB gene with mice homozygous for the piebald (s) mutation of the ETB gene (ETBs/s). F1 ETB-/s and ETB+/s progeny share an identical genetic background but have ETB levels that are approximately (1)/(8) and (5)/(8), respectively, of wild-type mice (ETB+/+). BP in ETB-/s mice was significantly higher, by approximately 20 mmHg, than that in ETB+/s or ETB+/+ mice. Immunoreactive ET-1 concentration in plasma as well as respiratory parameters was not different between ETB-/s and ETB+/s mice. A selective ETB antagonist, BQ-788, increased BP in ETB+/s and ETB+/+ but not in ETB-/s mice. Pretreatment with indomethacin, but not with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, can attenuate the observed pressor response to BQ-788. The selective ETA antagonist BQ-123 did not ameliorate the increased BP in ETB-/s mice. Moreover, BP in mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of the ETA gene was not different from that in wild-type controls. These results suggest that endogenous ET elicits a depressor effect through ETB under basal conditions, in part through tonic production of prostaglandins, and not through secondary mechanisms involving respiratory control or clearance of circulating ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohuchi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan
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Valdenaire O, Giller T, Breu V, Ardati A, Schweizer A, Richards JG. A new family of orphan G protein-coupled receptors predominantly expressed in the brain. FEBS Lett 1998; 424:193-6. [PMID: 9539149 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cloning of a cDNA encoding a G protein-coupled receptor homologous to the endothelin type B receptor, but unable to bind endothelin, was recently reported and termed ET(B)R-LP. We report here the isolation of a human cDNA encoding a receptor that is highly related to ET(B)R-LP and which was therefore termed ET(B)R-LP-2. Comparison of the two amino acid sequences revealed 68% overall homology and 48% identity. As is the case for ET(B)R-LP, the new receptor is strongly expressed in the human central nervous system (e.g. in cerebellar Bergmann glia, cerebral cortex, internal capsule fibers). Membranes of HEK-293 cells stably expressing ET(B)R-LP-2 did not bind endothelin-1, endothelin-2, endothelin-3, bombesin, cholecystokinin-8 or gastrin-releasing peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Valdenaire
- Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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