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Calimano-Ramirez LF, Daoud T, Gopireddy DR, Morani AC, Waters R, Gumus K, Klekers AR, Bhosale PR, Virarkar MK. Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5827-5844. [PMID: 36353206 PMCID: PMC9639656 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i40.5827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare pancreatic malignancy with distinctive clinical, molecular, and morphological features. The long-term survival of ACC patients is substantially superior to that of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. As there are no significant patient series about ACCs, our understanding of this illness is mainly based on case reports and limited patient series. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for patients with the disease restricted to one organ; however, with recent breakthroughs in precision medicine, medicines targeting the one-of-a-kind molecular profile of ACC are on the horizon. There are no standard treatment protocols available for people in which a total surgical resection to cure the condition is not possible. As a result of shared genetic alterations, ACCs are chemosensitive to agents with activity against pancreatic adenocarcinomas and colorectal carcinomas. The role of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has not been established. This article aims to do a comprehensive literature study and present the most recent information on acinar cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taher Daoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Dheeraj Reddy Gopireddy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
| | - Ajaykumar C Morani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Rebecca Waters
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Kazim Gumus
- Department of Research and Diagnostic Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
| | - Albert Russell Klekers
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Priya R Bhosale
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mayur K Virarkar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
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Kryklyva V, Haj Mohammad N, Morsink FHM, Ligtenberg MJL, Offerhaus GJA, Nagtegaal ID, de Leng WWJ, Brosens LAA. Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is associated with BRCA2 germline mutations: a case report and literature review. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:949-955. [PMID: 31002019 PMCID: PMC6606020 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1595274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare pancreatic neoplasm with dismal prognosis. Insights into the molecular basis of ACC can pave the way for the application of more effective, personalized therapies and detection of patients with hereditary predisposition. Molecular analysis revealed a germline BRCA2 (and CHEK2) mutation in a patient with a rare pancreatic ACC with extensive intraductal growth. Somatic loss of the wild-type BRCA2 allele in the tumor indicated the causal relationship of ACC with the germline defect. A thorough literature review identified another nine ACCs associated with germline BRCA2 mutation and two ACCs associated with germline BRCA1 mutation, resulting in a prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline mutations in almost 7% of ACCs. Moreover, somatic BRCA1/2 alterations are reported in 16% of sporadic ACCs. Overall, about one fifth (22%) of all pancreatic ACCs exhibit BRCA1/2 deficiency. This study underscores the important role of BRCA1/2 mutations in pancreatic ACC. All ACC patients should undergo genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations to identify carriers of pathogenic variants. This will allow to select patients that can benefit from targeted therapies directed against BRCA1/2-deficient tumors and is also crucial as a referral to genetic screening for the relatives of affected individuals carrying germline BRCA1/2 alterations. Abbreviations: ACC: acinar cell carcinoma; HBOC: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer; LOH: loss of heterozygosity; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PP: pancreatic panniculitis; SD: standard deviation; WES: whole-exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Kryklyva
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Haj Mohammad
- b Department of Medical Oncology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Folkert H M Morsink
- c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,d Department of Human Genetics , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J de Leng
- c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A A Brosens
- a Department of Pathology , Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Department of Pathology , University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
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3
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Hackeng WM, Hruban RH, Offerhaus GJA, Brosens LAA. Surgical and molecular pathology of pancreatic neoplasms. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27267993 PMCID: PMC4897815 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histologic characteristics have proven to be very useful for classifying different types of tumors of the pancreas. As a result, the major tumor types in the pancreas have long been classified based on their microscopic appearance. MAIN BODY Recent advances in whole exome sequencing, gene expression profiling, and knowledge of tumorigenic pathways have deepened our understanding of the underlying biology of pancreatic neoplasia. These advances have not only confirmed the traditional histologic classification system, but also opened new doors to early diagnosis and targeted treatment. CONCLUSION This review discusses the histopathology, genetic and epigenetic alterations and potential treatment targets of the five major malignant pancreatic tumors - pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm, acinar cell carcinoma and pancreatoblastoma.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/surgery
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary/diagnosis
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary/genetics
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary/surgery
- Humans
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/genetics
- Neuroendocrine Tumors/surgery
- Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis
- Optic Nerve Diseases/genetics
- Optic Nerve Diseases/surgery
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzel M Hackeng
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Johan A Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A A Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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La Rosa S, Bernasconi B, Frattini M, Tibiletti MG, Molinari F, Furlan D, Sahnane N, Vanoli A, Albarello L, Zhang L, Notohara K, Casnedi S, Chenard MP, Adsay V, Asioli S, Capella C, Sessa F. TP53 alterations in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma: new insights into the molecular pathology of this rare cancer. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:289-96. [PMID: 26586531 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular alterations of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) are poorly understood and have been reported as being different from those in ductal adenocarcinomas. Loss of TP53 gene function in the pathogenesis of ACCs is controversial since contradictory findings have been published. A comprehensive analysis of the different possible genetic and epigenetic mechanisms leading to TP53 alteration in ACC has never been reported and hence the role of TP53 in the pathogenesis and/or progression of ACC remains unclear. We investigated TP53 alterations in 54 tumor samples from 44 patients, including primary and metastatic ACC, using sequencing analysis, methylation-specific multiplex ligation probe amplification, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. TP53 mutations were found in 13 % of primary ACCs and in 31 % of metastases. Primary ACCs and metastases showed the same mutational profile, with the exception of one case, characterized by a wild-type sequence in the primary carcinoma and a mutation in the corresponding metastasis. FISH analysis revealed deletion of the TP53 region in 53 % of primary ACCs and in 50 % of metastases. Promoter hypermethylation was found in one case. The molecular alterations correlated well with the immunohistochemical findings. A statistically significant association was found between the combination of mutation of one allele and loss of the other allele of TP53 and worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo, viale Borri 57, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Barbara Bernasconi
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Milo Frattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesca Molinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Furlan
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Nora Sahnane
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Luca Albarello
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenji Notohara
- Department of Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | | | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Capella
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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5
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La Rosa S, Sessa F, Capella C. Acinar Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: Overview of Clinicopathologic Features and Insights into the Molecular Pathology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:41. [PMID: 26137463 PMCID: PMC4469112 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) of the pancreas are rare pancreatic neoplasms accounting for about 1–2% of pancreatic tumors in adults and about 15% in pediatric subjects. They show different clinical symptoms at presentation, different morphological features, different outcomes, and different molecular alterations. This heterogeneous clinicopathological spectrum may give rise to difficulties in the clinical and pathological diagnosis with consequential therapeutic and prognostic implications. The molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of ACCs are still not completely understood, although in recent years, several attempts have been made to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in ACC biology. In this paper, we will review the main clinicopathological and molecular features of pancreatic ACCs of both adult and pediatric subjects to give the reader a comprehensive overview of this rare tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo , Varese , Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
| | - Carlo Capella
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy
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Furukawa T, Sakamoto H, Takeuchi S, Ameri M, Kuboki Y, Yamamoto T, Hatori T, Yamamoto M, Sugiyama M, Ohike N, Yamaguchi H, Shimizu M, Shibata N, Shimizu K, Shiratori K. Whole exome sequencing reveals recurrent mutations in BRCA2 and FAT genes in acinar cell carcinomas of the pancreas. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8829. [PMID: 25743105 PMCID: PMC4351513 DOI: 10.1038/srep08829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. Compared to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, its molecular features are poorly known. We studied a total of 11 acinar cell carcinomas, including 3 by exome and 4 by target sequencing. Exome sequencing revealed 65 nonsynonymous mutations and 22 indels with a mutation rate of 3.4 mutations/Mb per tumor, on average. By accounting for not only somatic but also germline mutations with loss of the wild-type allele, we identified recurrent mutations of BRCA2 and FAT genes. BRCA2 showed somatic or germline premature termination mutations, with loss of the wild-type allele in 3 of 7 tumors. FAT1, FAT3, and FAT4 showed somatic or germline missense mutations in 4 of 7 tumors. The germline FAT mutations were with loss of the wild-type allele. Loss of BRCA2 expression was observed in 5 of 11 tumors. One patient with a BRCA2-mutated tumor experienced complete remission of liver metastasis following cisplatinum chemotherapy. In conclusion, acinar cell carcinomas show a distinct mutation pattern and often harbor somatic or germline mutations of BRCA2 and FAT genes. This result may warrant assessment of BRCA2 abrogation in patients with the carcinoma to determine their sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sakamoto
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Takeuchi
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitra Ameri
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kuboki
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hatori
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohike
- Department of Pathology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Michio Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Shiratori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Pancreatic neoplasms with acinar differentiation, including acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and carcinomas with mixed differentiation, are distinctive pancreatic neoplasms with a poor prognosis. These neoplasms are clinically, pathologically, and genetically unique when compared to other more common pancreatic neoplasms. Most occur in adults, although pancreatoblastomas usually affect children under 10 years old. All of these neoplasms exhibit characteristic histologic features including a solid or acinar growth pattern, dense neoplastic cellularity, uniform nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Exocrine enzymes are detectable by immunohistochemistry and, for carcinomas with mixed differentiation, neuroendocrine or ductal lineage markers are also expressed. The genetic alterations of this family of neoplasms largely differ from conventional ductal adenocarcinomas, with only rare mutations in TP53, KRAS, and p16, but no single gene or neoplastic pathway is consistently altered in acinar neoplasms. Instead, there is striking genomic instability, and a subset of cases has mutations in the APC/β-catenin pathway, mutations in SMAD4, RAF gene family fusions, or microsatellite instability. Therapeutically targetable mutations are often present. This review summarizes the clinical and pathologic features of acinar neoplasms and reviews the current molecular data on these uncommon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231; Department of Oncology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Wood LD. Pancreatic cancer genomes: toward molecular subtyping and novel approaches to diagnosis and therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2014; 17:287-97. [PMID: 23757204 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic neoplasms represent a broad range of clinical entities, many of which have drastic effects on the lives of patients. Recently, high-throughput sequencing analyses have been performed in many pancreatic neoplasms, providing deep insights into the underlying biology of these neoplasms as well as novel approaches to diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses the molecular alterations underlying pancreatic neoplasms as well as the clinical impact of these alterations for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Weinberg 2242, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA,
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9
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Furlan D, Sahnane N, Bernasconi B, Frattini M, Tibiletti MG, Molinari F, Marando A, Zhang L, Vanoli A, Casnedi S, Adsay V, Notohara K, Albarello L, Asioli S, Sessa F, Capella C, La Rosa S. APC alterations are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, mainly through gene loss and promoter hypermethylation. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:553-64. [PMID: 24590585 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) are poorly characterized, including the frequency and role of gene-specific hypermethylation, chromosome aberrations, and copy number alterations (CNAs). A subset of ACCs is known to show alterations in the APC/β-catenin pathway which includes mutations of APC gene. However, it is not known whether, in addition to mutation, loss of APC gene function can occur through alternative genetic and epigenetic mechanisms such as gene loss or promoter methylation. We investigated the global methylation profile of 34 tumor suppressor genes, CNAs of 52 chromosomal regions, and APC gene alterations (mutation, methylation, and loss) together with APC mRNA level in 45 ACCs and related peritumoral pancreatic tissues using methylation-specific multiplex ligation probe amplification (MS-MLPA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), mutation analysis, and reverse transcription-droplet digital PCR. ACCs did not show an extensive global gene hypermethylation profile. RASSF1 and APC were the only two genes frequently methylated. APC mutations were found in only 7 % of cases, while APC loss and methylation were more frequently observed (48 and 56 % of ACCs, respectively). APC mRNA low levels were found in 58 % of cases and correlated with CNAs. In conclusion, ACCs do not show extensive global gene hypermethylation. APC alterations are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of ACCs mainly through gene loss and promoter hypermethylation, along with reduction of APC mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Furlan
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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10
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Fontenete S, Guimarães N, Leite M, Figueiredo C, Wengel J, Filipe Azevedo N. Hybridization-based detection of Helicobacter pylori at human body temperature using advanced locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81230. [PMID: 24278398 PMCID: PMC3838382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the human microbiome and its influence upon human life has long been a subject of study. Hence, methods that allow the direct detection and visualization of microorganisms and microbial consortia (e.g. biofilms) within the human body would be invaluable. In here, we assessed the possibility of developing a variant of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), named fluorescence in vivo hybridization (FIVH), for the detection of Helicobacter pylori. Using oligonucleotide variations comprising locked nucleic acids (LNA) and 2’-O-methyl RNAs (2’OMe) with two types of backbone linkages (phosphate or phosphorothioate), we were able to successfully identify two probes that hybridize at 37 °C with high specificity and sensitivity for H. pylori, both in pure cultures and in gastric biopsies. Furthermore, the use of this type of probes implied that toxic compounds typically used in FISH were either found to be unnecessary or could be replaced by a non-toxic substitute. We show here for the first time that the use of advanced LNA probes in FIVH conditions provides an accurate, simple and fast method for H. pylori detection and location, which could be used in the future for potential in vivo applications either for this microorganism or for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Fontenete
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- ICBAS, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Guimarães
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marina Leite
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease caused by the accumulation of somatic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In the last decade, rapid advances in sequencing and bioinformatic technology led to an explosion in sequencing studies of cancer genomes, greatly expanding our knowledge of the genetic changes underlying a variety of tumor types. Several of these studies of cancer genomes have focused on pancreatic neoplasms, and cancers from the pancreas are some of the best characterized tumors at the genetic level. Pancreatic neoplasms encompass a wide array of clinical diseases, from benign cysts to deadly cancers, and the genetic alterations underlying neoplasms of the pancreas are similarly diverse. This new knowledge of pancreatic cancer genomes has deepened our understanding of tumorigenesis in the pancreas and has opened several promising new avenues for novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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12
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Weiss GA, Rossi MR, Khushalani NI, Lo K, Gibbs JF, Bharthuar A, Cowell JK, Iyer R. Evaluation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2013; 4:20-9. [PMID: 23450128 PMCID: PMC3562624 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2012.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation involves the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and plays an important role in cell survival signaling in pancreaticobiliary cancer. EGFR gene mutations have been correlated with clinical response to EGFR inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. This study examined the prevalence of PIK3CA and EGFR mutations in pancreaticobiliary cancer where erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, is approved for therapy. METHODS Thirty patients who underwent pancreatectomy for pancreaticobiliary carcinoma were identified. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor and adjacent normal tissue, and exons 9 and 20 (for the PIK3CA gene) and exons 18-21 (for the EGFR gene) were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Literature review on EGFR and/or PIK3CA mutations in pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas was conducted. RESULTS No mutations in either PIK3CA or EGFR genes were identified. The study identified one synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1050171) in the coding region of EGFR. A previously unreported change, suspected to be a SNP, was observed in intron 18 of EGFR (IVS18+15, C>T). Review of the literature showed EGFR mutation rate of 2% and 10.5% in pancreatic and biliary tract carcinomas, respectively. PIK3CA mutations were found in 3.6% and 11.7% of pancreatic and biliary tract carcinomas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A low prevalence of EGFR or PIK3CA mutations exists in pancreatic cancer (<5%), indicating that mutation screening may not be as useful in determining prognosis or response to targeted inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael R. Rossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ken Lo
- Epigenetics, Roche Nimblegen, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - John K. Cowell
- GHSU Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Morales M, Cabrera MÁ, Maeso MDC, Ferrer-López N. Use of panitumumab in the treatment of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas: A case report. Oncol Lett 2012; 5:969-971. [PMID: 23426888 PMCID: PMC3576192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cases of stage IV acinar carcinoma of the pancreas are presented. The two patients were treated with several lines of chemotherapies active against colon cancer. At last-line, both patients received panitumumab monotherapy. We describe the tumour response to the different therapies. Our findings demonstrate that panitumumab produces objective responses when used as third-line treatment in the therapy of patients with acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. Thus, we propose the consideration of the use of panitumumab in early lines of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Morales
- Service of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands 38010, Spain
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