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Hani U, Osmani RAM, Yasmin S, Gowda BHJ, Ather H, Ansari MY, Siddiqua A, Ghazwani M, Fatease AA, Alamri AH, Rahamathulla M, Begum MY, Wahab S. Novel Drug Delivery Systems as an Emerging Platform for Stomach Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081576. [PMID: 36015202 PMCID: PMC9416534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been regarded as one of the world’s most fatal diseases, claiming the lives of countless individuals each year. Stomach cancer is a prevalent cancer that has recently reached a high number of fatalities. It continues to be one of the most fatal cancer forms, requiring immediate attention due to its low overall survival rate. Early detection and appropriate therapy are, perhaps, of the most difficult challenges in the fight against stomach cancer. We focused on positive tactics for stomach cancer therapy in this paper, and we went over the most current advancements and progressions of nanotechnology-based systems in modern drug delivery and therapies in great detail. Recent therapeutic tactics used in nanotechnology-based delivery of drugs aim to improve cellular absorption, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer drug efficacy, allowing for more precise targeting of specific agents for effective stomach cancer treatment. The current review also provides information on ongoing research aimed at improving the curative effectiveness of existing anti-stomach cancer medicines. All these crucial matters discussed under one overarching title will be extremely useful to readers who are working on developing multi-functional nano-constructs for improved diagnosis and treatment of stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (A.A.F.); (A.H.A.); (M.R.); (M.Y.B.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Riyaz Ali M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (S.Y.); (H.A.)
| | - B. H. Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India;
| | - Hissana Ather
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (S.Y.); (H.A.)
| | - Mohammad Yousuf Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University ), Mullana, Ambala 133203, Haryana, India;
| | - Ayesha Siddiqua
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (A.A.F.); (A.H.A.); (M.R.); (M.Y.B.)
- Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (A.A.F.); (A.H.A.); (M.R.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Ali H. Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (A.A.F.); (A.H.A.); (M.R.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (A.A.F.); (A.H.A.); (M.R.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.); (A.A.F.); (A.H.A.); (M.R.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
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Martincek I, Banovcin P, Goraus M, Duricek M. USB capsule endoscope for retrograde imaging of the esophagus. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200142SSR. [PMID: 33078602 PMCID: PMC7569471 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.10.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Endoscopes represent electro-optical devices that are used to visualize internal body cavities. The specialized endoscopic procedure of the upper gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus down to the duodenum is called an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. AIM We bring our newly developed capsule endoscopy device as a promising alternative diagnostic method for visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract. APPROACH Capsule endoscopy has become an attractive method that uses a tiny wireless camera to take pictures of the digestive tract. Existing esophageal capsule endoscopy does not allow a retrograde view of the esophagus while retrograde scanning can provide information on the esophageal pathology. RESULTS In comparison to the existing esophageal capsule endoscopy, our system is much simpler and cheaper due to the need for fewer electronic devices. Moreover, its use is not limited by the capacity of the batteries used by existing capsule endoscopes. The new esophageal endoscopic system was created by combining the universal serial bus (USB) endoscope module with the thin power wires that are routed through the USB port to the computer. CONCLUSIONS The endoscope was tested on a volunteer without any side effects such as nausea, belching, and general discomfort. The examination of the patient is performed in a sitting position and the patient discomfort during the examination is minimal so it can be performed without anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Martincek
- University of Zilina, Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Zilina, Slovakia
| | - Peter Banovcin
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Department of Gastroenterology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Matej Goraus
- University of Zilina, Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Zilina, Slovakia
| | - Martin Duricek
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Department of Gastroenterology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
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Capristo E, Spuntarelli V, Treglia G, Arena V, Giordano A, Mingrone G. A case report of chylous ascites after gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 29:133-136. [PMID: 27846453 PMCID: PMC5117185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) is the most commonly
utilized bariatric procedure. RYGB excludes a portion of the stomach to further
endoscopic examination. A case of poorly differentiated antral gastric carcinoma
after RYGB is described. Diagnosis was delayed due to scarce symptomatology and
confounding factors. A strict follow-up in post-RYGB patients was highly
suggested for an early diagnosis of malignant gastric cancer.
Introduction We described the case of a highly aggressive antral
gastric carcinoma with a scarce symptomatology, in a patient undergone Roux-en-Y
Gastric Bypass (RYGB) for obesity. Presentation of case A 61 year-old white man in apparent good health, who
underwent laparoscopic RYGB for obesity 18 months earlier, with a loss of 30 kg, reported a sudden abdominal distension and breath shortness with a
weight gain of 5 kg in few days. Endoscopy of both upper
gastro-intestinal tract and the colon were performed along with CT-scan and
positron-emission tomography (PET) CT- scan. A biopsy of the palpable lymph node in
the left supraclavicular fossa was taken for analysis. Abdominal paracentesis
produced milky fluid, while citrine pleural fluid was aspirated by thoracentesis.
Immunochemistry studies of the lymph node biopsy revealed tumor cells positive for
cytokeratin (CK)7 and CK20, CDX2 and CAM 5.2 and negative for HER2 and TTF1
suggesting colon cancer. The colon and upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy were normal.
A CT-scan and positron-emission tomography (PET) with
2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG)
showed an intense FDG-uptake in the gastric antrum and in the lymph nodal chains.
Given these findings, a diagnosis of poorly differentiated antral gastric carcinoma
with multiple lymph node metastases was raised.The patients died 4 months after
diagnosis. Discussion RYGB is a widely performed bariatric operation and no data
are reported on the risk of developing gastric cancer in the excluded
stomach. Conclusion This case report suggests that great attention should be
devoted to post-RYGB patients for an early diagnosis of malignant gastric
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Arena
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Rome, Italy
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Ural B, Hardalaç F, Serhatlioğlu S, İlhan MN. Gastric Cancer Regional Detection System. J Med Syst 2015; 40:31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Akbari H, Uto K, Kosugi Y, Kojima K, Tanaka N. Cancer detection using infrared hyperspectral imaging. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:852-7. [PMID: 21205093 PMCID: PMC11158586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.01849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, many studies have been performed on the early detection of cancer using noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques in lieu of traditional excisional biopsy. Early detection can make an immense difference because cancer treatment is often simpler and more effective when diagnosed at an early stage. Cancer detecting methods may help physicians to diagnose cancer, to dissect the malignant region with a safe margin, and to evaluate the tumor bed after resection. In this paper, the advanced hyperspectral imaging system has been assessed using infrared wavelengths region for tumor detection. We were able to identify an appropriate wavelength region for cancer detection, spatially resolved images, and highlight the differences in reflectance properties of cancerous versus non-cancerous tissues. The capability of this instrument was demonstrated by observing gastric tumors in 10 human subjects. The spectral signatures were extracted and evaluated in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. Processing means with the standard deviation of the spectral diagram, support vector machine, and first derivatives and integral of in spectral diagram were proposed to enhance and detect the cancerous regions. The first derivatives in spectral region between 1226-1251 nm and 1288-1370 nm were proposed as criteria that successfully distinguish between non-cancerous and cancerous tissue. The results of this study will lead to advances in the optical diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Akbari
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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Canadian credentialing guidelines for esophagogastroduodenoscopy. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2008; 22:349-54. [PMID: 18414707 DOI: 10.1155/2008/987012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cappell MS, Friedel D. Initial management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: from initial evaluation up to gastrointestinal endoscopy. Med Clin North Am 2008; 92:491-509, xi. [PMID: 18387374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a relatively common, potentially life-threatening medical emergency responsible for more than 300,000 hospital admissions and about 30,000 deaths per annum in America. The initial assessment focuses on bleeding activity, bleeding severity, hemodynamic compromise from the bleeding, and differentiating upper from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The initial supportive therapy includes fluid resuscitation to reverse the hypovolemia, blood transfusions to replete the lost blood, respiratory support as necessary, and proton pump inhibitor therapy to stabilize mucosal blood clots and promote hemostasis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the best test to determine the bleeding site and cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Cappell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, MOB 233, 3601 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
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Cappell MS, Friedel D. Acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: endoscopic diagnosis and therapy. Med Clin North Am 2008; 92:511-50, vii-viii. [PMID: 18387375 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a relatively common,potentially life-threatening condition that causes more than 300,000 hospital admissions and about 30,000 deaths per annum in America. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis and therapy of upper gastrointestinal bleeding lesions. Endoscopic therapy is indicated for lesions with high risk stigmata of recent hemorrhage, including active bleeding, oozing, a visible vessel, and possibly an adherent clot. Endoscopic therapies include injection therapy, such as epinephrine or sclerosant injection; ablative therapy, such as heater probe or argon plasma coagulation; and mechanical therapy, such as endoclips or endoscopic banding. Endoscopic therapy reduces the risk of rebleeding,the need for blood transfusions, the requirement for surgery, and patient morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Cappell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, MOB 233, 3601 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
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Szomstein S, Kaidar-Person O, Naberezny K, Cruz-Correa M, Rosenthal R. Correlation of radiographic and endoscopic evaluation of gastrojejunal anastomosis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2007; 2:617-21. [PMID: 17138232 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 05/28/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anastomotic stenosis presents as one of the most common late complications in the postoperative period after bariatric surgery. It is often diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) and/or upper endoscopy (UE). The aim of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the Gastrografin UGIS and UE findings in the determination of gastrojejunal anastomotic strictures after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS Between July 2001 and October 2003, all medical records of patients who underwent RYGB at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The medical records of patients who underwent UE because of symptoms suggestive of gastric outlet obstruction and those of patients who were initially evaluated by Gastrografin UGIS before UE were evaluated further. RESULTS Of 535 morbidly obese patients who underwent RYGB, 52 (9.7%) had UE and were included in this study. The mean number of UEs performed per patient was 2.67. Of these 52 patients, 30 underwent Gastrografin UGIS before UE. The mean diameter of the anastomosis on the first UE was 5.97 mm and on Gastrografin UGIS was 6.83 mm. A good correlation was found between the Gastrografin UGIS and UE findings using Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.44, P = .02) and single linear regression analysis using the endoscopic diameter as the outcome and radiographic findings as the predictor (beta = 0.27, P = .025, 95% confidence interval 0.30-0.49). CONCLUSION In our study, the Gastrografin UGIS findings correlated positively with the endoscopic gastrojejunal anastomosis findings in patients with anastomotic stricture who had undergone RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Szomstein
- Bariatric Institute, Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida 33331, USA.
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Cappell MS. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Med Clin North Am 2005; 89:243-91. [PMID: 15656927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2004.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GERD is ubiquitous throughout the adult population in the United States. It commonly adversely affects quality of life and occasionally causes life-threatening complications. The new and emerging medical and endoscopic therapies for GERD and the new management strategies for BE should dramatically reduce the clinical toll of this disease on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Cappell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA 19141-3098, USA.
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Baker SJ, Johnson PJ, David A, Cook CR. Idiopathic gastroesophageal reflux disease in an adult horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:1967-70, 1931. [PMID: 15230453 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease was diagnosed in a 22-year-old female Tennessee Walking Horse that had signs of bruxism and ptyalism. Esophageal ulceration was detected via endoscopy. Compared with the damage to the proximal portions of the esophagus, the severity of the ulceration increased toward the gastroesophageal junction. Esophageal ulceration attributable to chronic gastric acid reflux is usually secondary to pyloric outflow obstruction in horses. In the horse of this report, there was no evidence of either a chronic pyloric or duodenal obstruction that could have resulted in esophageal ulceration. Esophageal ulceration in this horse was attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease, a common condition in humans in which the underlying abnormality is functional incompetence of the gastroesophageal junction. Treatment is directed at decreasing gastric acidity and protecting the ulcerated mucosa. In the horse of this report, treatment was unsuccessful and the horse was euthanatized; a physical cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease was not identified during an extensive postmortem examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Baker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Talley NJ. Yield of endoscopy in dyspepsia and concurrent treatment with proton pump inhibitors: the blind leading the blind? Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 58:89-92. [PMID: 12838227 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2003.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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