Análisis de la incidencia, la supervivencia y la mortalidad según las principales localizaciones tumorales, 1985-2019: cáncer de estómago

[The changing sex differences in life expectancy in Spain (1980-2012): decomposition by age and cause]

OBJECTIVE

To calculate and analyse the contributions of changes in mortality by age groups and selected causes of death to sex differences in life expectancy at birth in Spain from 1980 to 2012.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study with three time points (1980, 1995, and 2012). We used data from Human Cause-of-Death Database and Human Mortality Database. We use a decomposition method of the differences in life expectancy and gender differences in life expectancy from changes in mortality by 5-year age groups and causes of death between women and men.

RESULTS

From 1980 to 1995, the lower mortality of women from 25 years old, and the differences in mortality by HIV/AIDS, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases contributed to the gap increase. From 1995 to 2012, greatest improvement in mortality of males under 74 years of age, and in improving male mortality from HIV/AIDS, acute myocardial infarction and traffic accidents contributed to the narrowing.

CONCLUSIONS

The difference in life expectancy at birth between men and women has decreased since 1995 due to a greater improvement in mortality from causes of death associated with risky behaviours and habits of the working age male population.

[Gastric cancer in a Spanish hospital: Segovia General Hospital (2005-2008)]

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the incidence, pathological characteristics, treatment patterns, survival and mortality of gastric cancer in Segovia from 2005-2008.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of 163 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer at the Segovia General Hospital during the study period.

RESULTS

We estimated a gastric cancer incidence of 25 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The ratio of men to women was 1.6:1. The mean age was 72 years. The most important findings were diagnosis in stages III and IV (64.5%), the high frequency of intestinal carcinoma (56.4%) and the gastric antrum as the most frequent localization (48.8%). At the end of the study, 54.2% of patients had died and the median overall survival was 19 months. The main factors for an unfavorable prognosis were advanced tumoral stage (III and IV), the number of nodes involved, and diffuse histological type. Despite surgical treatment with curative intent, 63.2% of tumors at early stages (I and II) recurred during the study.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk of gastric cancer in Segovia is higher in men aged over 70 years. Most tumors are diagnosed at advanced stages and recurrences are common, limiting the possibility of cure. Early diagnosis of this entity and improved treatments are required.