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Akintunde JK, Falomo IM, Akinbohun OM, Erinoso SO, Ugwor E, Folayan AD, Ateate AD. Naringin corrects renal failure related to Lesch-Nyhan disease in a rat model via NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23558. [PMID: 37865952 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of naringin (NAR) on HGPRT1 deficiency and hyperuricemia through NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways induced by caffeine (CAF) and KBrO3 in a rat model. Sixty-three adult male albino rats were randomly assigned into nine (n = 7) groups. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 , Group III was treated with 250 mg/kg CAF, Group IV was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF, Group V was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 100 mg/kg haloperidol, Group VI was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 50 mg/kg NAR, Group VII was administered with 500 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR, and Group VIII was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR. Finally, group IX was treated with 50 mg/kg NAR. The exposure of rats to KBrO3 and CAF for 21 days induced renal dysfunction linked with Lesch-Nyhan disease. NAR obliterated renal dysfunction linked with Lesch-Nyhan disease by decreasing uric acid, renal malondialdehyde level, inhibiting the activities of arginase, and phosphodiesterase-51 (PDE-51) with corresponding upregulation of brain derived-neurotrophic factor and its receptor (BDNF-TrkB), Bcl11b, HGPRT1, and DARPP-32. Additionally, renal failure related to Lesch-Nyhan disease was remarkably corrected by NAR as shown by the reduced activities of AChE and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, AMPase, and ADA) with affiliated increase in the NO level. This study therefore validates NAR as nontoxic and effective chemotherapy against kidney-related Lesch-Nyhan disease by mitigating effects of toxic food additives and enzymes of ATP-hydrolysis via NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Akintunde
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Idowu M Falomo
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oreoluwa M Akinbohun
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S O Erinoso
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ugwor
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi D Folayan
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Ateate
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Akintunde JK, Abinu OS, Taiwo KF, Sodiq RA, Folayan AD, Ate AD. Disorders of Hippocampus Facilitated by Hypertension in Purine Metabolism Deficiency is Repressed by Naringin, a Bi-flavonoid in a Rat Model via NOS/cAMP/PKA and DARPP-32, BDNF/TrkB Pathways. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2148-2166. [PMID: 36098940 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are hypertensive have a higher tendency of predisposition to other genetic diseases including purine metabolism deficiency. Therefore, the search for nontoxic and effective chemo protective agents to abrogate hypertension-mediated genetic disease is vital. This study therefore investigated the repressive effect of naringin (NAR) against disorder of hippocampus facilitated by hypertension in purine metabolism deficiency. Male albino rats randomly assigned into nine groups (n = 7) were treated for 35 days. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3, Group III was treated with 250 mg/kg caffeine, and Group IV was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg caffeine. Group V was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 100 mg/kg haloperidol. Group VI was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 50 mg/kg NAR. Group VII was administered with 250 mg/kg caffeine + 50 mg/kg NAR, and Group VIII was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg caffeine + 50 mg/kg NAR. Finally, group IX was treated with 50 mg/kg NAR. The sub-acute exposure to KBrO3 and CAF induced hypertension and mediated impairment in the hippocampus cells. This was apparent by the increase in PDE-51, arginase, and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase and AMPase) with a simultaneous increase in cholinergic (AChE and BuChE) and adenosinergic (ADA) enzymes. The hypertensive-mediated hippocampal impairment was associated to alteration of NO and AC signaling coupled with lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor (BDNF-TrkB), down regulation of Bcl11b and DARPP-32 which are neurodevelopmental proteins, and hypoxanthine accumulation. However, these features of CAF-mediated hippocampal damage in KBrO3-induced hypertensive rats were repressed by post-treatment with NAR via production of neuro-inflammatory mediators, attenuation of biochemical alterations, stabilizing neurotransmitter enzymes, regulating NOS/cAMP/PKA and DARPP-32, BDNF/TrkB signaling, and restoring hippocampal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - O S Abinu
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - K F Taiwo
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - R A Sodiq
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Folayan
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Ate
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Senapati VA, Kansara K, Shanker R, Dhawan A, Kumar A. Monitoring characteristics and genotoxic effects of engineered nanoparticle-protein corona. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:479-490. [PMID: 29048576 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) possess different physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. These unique properties have found application in various products in the area of therapeutics, consumer goods, environmental remediation, optical and electronic fields. This has also increased the likelihood of their release into the environment thereby affecting human health and ecosystem. ENPs, when in contact with the biological system have various physical and chemical interactions with cellular macromolecules including proteins. These interactions lead to the formation of protein corona around the ENPs. Consequently, living systems interact with the protein-coated ENP rather than with a bare ENP. This ENP-protein interaction influences uptake, accumulation, distribution and clearance and thereby affecting the cytotoxic and genotoxic responses. Although there are few studies which discussed the fate of ENPs, there is a need for extensive research in the field of ENPs, to understand the interaction of ENPs with biological systems for their safe and productive application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Aileen Senapati
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Krupa Kansara
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rishi Shanker
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Dhawan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Jain A, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Ramalingam C. Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:297-317. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1160363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, Bihar, India
- Xpert Arena Technological Services Pvt. Ltd., Chapra, Bihar, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ramalingam
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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A comprehensive review on bioactive fused heterocycles as purine-utilizing enzymes inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Illegitimate V(D)J recombination-mediated deletions in Notch1 and Bcl11b are not sufficient for extensive clonal expansion and show minimal age or sex bias in frequency or junctional processing. Mutat Res 2014; 761:34-48. [PMID: 24530429 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Illegitimate V(D)J recombination at oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is implicated in formation of several T cell malignancies. Notch1 and Bcl11b, genes involved in developing T cell specification, selection, proliferation, and survival, were previously shown to contain hotspots for deletional illegitimate V(D)J recombination associated with radiation-induced thymic lymphoma. Interestingly, these deletions were also observed in wild-type animals. In this study, we conducted frequency, clonality, and junctional processing analyses of Notch1 and Bcl11b deletions during mouse development and compared results to published analyses of authentic V(D)J rearrangements at the T cell receptor beta (TCRβ) locus and illegitimate V(D)J deletions observed at the human, nonimmune HPRT1 locus not involved in T cell malignancies. We detect deletions in Notch1 and Bcl11b in thymic and splenic T cell populations, consistent with cells bearing deletions in the circulating lymphocyte pool. Deletions in thymus can occur in utero, increase in frequency between fetal and postnatal stages, are detected at all ages examined between fetal and 7 months, exhibit only limited clonality (contrasting with previous results in radiation-sensitive mouse strains), and consistent with previous reports are more frequent in Bcl11b, partially explained by relatively high Recombination Signal Information Content (RIC) scores. Deletion junctions in Bcl11b exhibit greater germline nucleotide loss, while in Notch1 palindromic (P) nucleotides are more abundant, although average P nucleotide length is similar for both genes and consistent with results at the TCRβ locus. Non-templated (N) nucleotide insertions appear to increase between fetal and postnatal stages for Notch1, consistent with normal terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity; however, neonatal Bcl11b junctions contain elevated levels of N insertions. Finally, contrasting with results at the HPRT1 locus, we find no obvious age or gender bias in junctional processing, and inverted repeats at recessed coding ends (Pr nucleotides) correspond mostly to single-base additions consistent with normal TdT activity.
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Comparative expression analysis of embryonic development-related genes at different stages of parthenogenetic and in vitro fertilized embryos in caprine. ZYGOTE 2013; 23:198-204. [PMID: 24229648 DOI: 10.1017/s096719941300049x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression occurs in parthenogenetic embryos due to abnormal epigenetic modifications in the genome that probably diminish viability and enhance developmental abnormalities in these embryos. In the present study, five developmentally important genes (HPRT1, Cx43, Sox2, Mest and IGF2R) were analysed at different stages in parthenotes (haploid and diploid) and compared with similar stages in in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos. The results indicated that in haploid parthenotes expression of HPRT1 was upregulated (P < 0.05) only at the 2-4-cell stage whereas Cx43 expression was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in all stages as compared with the control. However, expression of this gene was upregulated (P < 0.05) in 2-4-cell and morula stages of diploid parthenotes. Expression of Sox2 was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in morula stage haploid parthenotes, whereas it was upregulated (P < 0.05) in 8-16-cell stage diploid embryos. The expression of Mest was upregulated (P < 0.05) at the 2-4-cell stage of both haploid and diploid parthenotes, whereas it was downregulated in 8-16-cell stage diploid embryos as compared with control. IGF2R expression was upregulated (P < 0.05) only in morula stage haploid and diploid parthenote as compared with control. These results indicate that parthenogenetic embryos showed aberrant gene expression of developmentally important genes such as HPRT1, Cx43, Sox2, Mest and IGF2R in comparison with IVF embryos, this finding may be one of the major reasons for the poor developmental competence of parthenogenetic embryos.
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Kumar A, Dhawan A. Genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of engineered nanoparticles: an update. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1883-1900. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nambiar M, Raghavan SC. Chromosomal translocations among the healthy human population: implications in oncogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1381-92. [PMID: 22948164 PMCID: PMC11113647 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are characteristic features of many cancers, especially lymphoma and leukemia. However, recent reports suggest that many chromosomal translocations can be found in healthy individuals, although the significance of this observation is still not clear. In this review, we summarize recent studies on chromosomal translocations in healthy individuals carried out in different geographical areas of the world and discuss the relevance of the observation with respect to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Nambiar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012 India
| | - Sathees C. Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012 India
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Murray JM, Messier T, Rivers J, O’Neill JP, Walker VE, Vacek PM, Finette BA. V(D)J Recombinase-Mediated TCR β Locus Gene Usage and Coding Joint Processing in Peripheral T Cells during Perinatal and Pediatric Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2356-64. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Nguyen T, Vacek PM, O'Neill P, Colletti RB, Finette BA. Mutagenicity and potential carcinogenicity of thiopurine treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7004-12. [PMID: 19706768 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The thiopurines azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are effective immune modulators and cytotoxic agents extensively used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and cancer. There is compelling epidemiologic evidence that thiopurine treatment increases the risk for a variety of tumors by mechanisms that are unclear. We investigated the in vivo mutagenicity of long-term thiopurine treatment by determining the frequency and spectra of somatic mutation events at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus in peripheral T lymphocytes as well as the prevalence of mutant clonal proliferation in a cross-sectional analysis of data from 119 children and adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ANOVA and regression were performed to assess relationships among the frequency and spectra of HPRT mutations with disease, duration of illness, duration of treatment, and total therapeutic dose of azathioprine and 6-MP. We observed a significant increase in the frequency of somatic mutations in 56 subjects treated with thiopurines for IBD compared with 63 subjects not treated with thiopurines. This increase was related to both total dose (P < 0.001) and duration of treatment (P < 0.001). Comparative mutation spectra analysis of 1,020 mutant isolates revealed a significant increase in the proportion of all transitions (P < 0.001), particularly G:C to A:T transitions (P < 0.001). Combined analyses of two signatures for mutant clonality, HPRT mutation, and T-cell receptor beta CDR3 region unique gene sequence also showed a significant thiopurine-dependent increase in mutant cell clonal proliferation (P < 0.001). These findings provide in vivo evidence for mutation induction as a potential carcinogenic mechanism associated with chronic thiopurine intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05445-0068, USA
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Dadi S, Le Noir S, Asnafi V, Beldjord K, Macintyre EA. Normal and pathological V(D)J recombination: contribution to the understanding of human lymphoid malignancies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 650:180-94. [PMID: 19731811 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0296-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of haematological cancers involve the lymphoid system. They include acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), which are arrested at variable stages of development and present with blood and bone marrow involvement and chronic leukemias, lymphomas and myelomas, which present with infiltration of a large variety of hematopoietic and non hematopoietic tissues by mature lymphoid cells which express a surface antigen receptor. The majority involve the B-cell lineage and the vast majority have undergone clonal rearrangement of their Ig and/or TCR rearrangements. Analysis of Ig/TCR genomic V(D)J repertoires by PCR based lymphoid clonality analysis within a diagnostic setting allows distinction of clonal from reactive lymphoproliferative disorders, clonal tracking for evidence of tumor dissemination and follow-up, identification of a lymphoid origin in undiagnosed tumors and evaluation of clonal evolution. Ig/TCR VDJ errors are also at the origin of recombinase mediated deregulated expression of a variety of proto-oncogenes in ALL, whereas in lymphoma it is increasingly clear that IgH containing translocations result from abnormalities other than VDJ errors (somatic hypermutation and/or isotype switching). In addition to this mechanistic contribution to lymphoid oncogenesis, it is possible that failure to successfully complete expression of an appropriate Ig or TCR may lead to maturation arrest in a lymphoid precursor, which may in itself contribute to altered tissue homeostasis, particularly if the arrest occurs at a stage of cellular expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïda Dadi
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université d'Aix Marseille, Marseille, France
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14
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Grant SG, Das R, Cerceo CM, Rubinstein WS, Latimer JJ. Elevated levels of somatic mutation in a manifesting BRCA1 mutation carrier. Pathol Oncol Res 2007; 13:276-83. [PMID: 18158561 DOI: 10.1007/bf02940305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous loss of activity at the breast cancerpredisposing genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (FANCD1) confers increased susceptibility to DNA double strand breaks, but this genotype occurs only in the tumor itself, following loss of heterozygosity at one of these loci. Thus, if these genes play a role in tumor etiology as opposed to tumor progression, they must manifest a heterozygous phenotype at the cellular level. To investigate the potential consequences of somatic heterozygosity for a BRCA1 mutation demonstrably associated with breast carcinogenesis on background somatic mutational burden, we applied the two standard assays of in vivo human somatic mutation to blood samples from a manifesting carrier of the Q1200X mutation in BRCA1 whose tumor was uniquely ascertained through an MRI screening study. The patient had an allele-loss mutation frequency of 19.4 x 10(-6) at the autosomal GPA locus in erythrocytes and 17.1 x 10(-6) at the X-linked HPRT locus in lymphocytes. Both of these mutation frequencies are significantly higher than expected from age-matched disease-free controls (P < 0.05). Mutation at the HPRT locus was similarly elevated in lymphoblastoid cell lines established from three other BRCA1 mutation carriers with breast cancer. Our patient's GPA mutation frequency is below the level established for diagnosis of homozygous Fanconi anemia patients, but consistent with data from obligate heterozygotes. The increased HPRT mutation frequency is more reminiscent of data from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, a disease characterized by UV sensitivity and deficiency in the nucleotide excision pathway of DNA repair. Therefore, this BRCA1-associated breast cancer patient manifests a unique phenotype of increased background mutagenesis that likely contributed to the development of her disease independent of loss of heterozygosity at the susceptibility locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Grant
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Kendall HE, Vacek PM, Rivers JL, Rice SC, Messier TL, Finette BA. Analysis of genetic alterations and clonal proliferation in children treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8455-61. [PMID: 16951156 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of risk-directed treatment protocols over the last 25 years has resulted in an increase in the survival rates of children treated for cancer. As a consequence, there is a growing population of pediatric cancer survivors in which the long-term genotoxic effects of chemotherapy is unknown. We previously reported that children treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia have significantly elevated somatic mutant frequencies at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene in their peripheral T cells. To understand the molecular etiology of the increase in mutant frequencies following chemotherapy, we investigated the HPRT mutation spectra and the extent of clonal proliferation in 562 HPRT T cell mutant isolates of 87 blood samples from 47 subjects at diagnosis, during chemotherapy, and postchemotherapy. We observed a significant increase in the proportion of CpG transitions following treatment (13.6-23.3%) compared with healthy controls (4.0%) and a significant decrease in V(D)J-mediated deletions following treatment (0-6.8%) compared with healthy controls (17.0%). There was also a significant change in the class type percentage of V(D)J-mediated HPRT deletions following treatment. In addition, there was a >5-fold increase in T cell receptor gene usage-defined mean clonal proliferation from diagnosis compared with the completion of chemotherapeutic intervention. These data indicate that unique genetic alterations and extensive clonal proliferation are occurring in children following treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia that may influence long-term risks for multifactorial diseases, including secondary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Kendall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Murray JM, O’Neill JP, Messier T, Rivers J, Walker VE, McGonagle B, Trombley L, Cowell LG, Kelsoe G, McBlane F, Finette BA. V(D)J recombinase-mediated processing of coding junctions at cryptic recombination signal sequences in peripheral T cells during human development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2006; 177:5393-404. [PMID: 17015725 PMCID: PMC1937029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
V(D)J recombinase mediates rearrangements at immune loci and cryptic recombination signal sequences (cRSS), resulting in a variety of genomic rearrangements in normal lymphocytes and leukemic cells from children and adults. The frequency at which these rearrangements occur and their potential pathologic consequences are developmentally dependent. To gain insight into V(D)J recombinase-mediated events during human development, we investigated 265 coding junctions associated with cRSS sites at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus in peripheral T cells from 111 children during the late stages of fetal development through early adolescence. We observed a number of specific V(D)J recombinase processing features that were both age and gender dependent. In particular, TdT-mediated nucleotide insertions varied depending on age and gender, including percentage of coding junctions containing N-nucleotide inserts, predominance of GC nucleotides, and presence of inverted repeats (Pr-nucleotides) at processed coding ends. In addition, the extent of exonucleolytic processing of coding ends was inversely related to age. We also observed a coding-partner-dependent difference in exonucleolytic processing and an age-specific difference in the subtypes of V(D)J-mediated events. We investigated these age- and gender-specific differences with recombination signal information content analysis of the cRSS sites in the human HPRT locus to gain insight into the mechanisms mediating these developmentally specific V(D)J recombinase-mediated rearrangements in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - J. Patrick O’Neill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Terri Messier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Jami Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | | | | | - Lucy Trombley
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Lindsay G. Cowell
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
| | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Fraser McBlane
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Barry A. Finette
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
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Schlissel MS, Kaffer CR, Curry JD. Leukemia and lymphoma: a cost of doing business for adaptive immunity. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1539-44. [PMID: 16778072 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1446506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Schlissel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Finette BA. Analysis of mutagenic V(D)J recombinase mediated mutations at the HPRT locus as an in vivo model for studying rearrangements with leukemogenic potential in children. DNA Repair (Amst) 2006; 5:1049-64. [PMID: 16807138 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a multifactorial malignancy with many distinctive developmentally specific features that include age specific acquisition of deletions, insertions and chromosomal translocations. The analysis of breakpoint regions involved in these leukemogenic genomic rearrangements has provided evidence that many are the consequence of V(D)J recombinase mediated events at both immune and non-immune loci. Hence, the direct investigation of in vivo genetic and epigenetic features in human peripheral lymphocytes is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms responsible for the specificity and frequency of these leukemogenic non-immune V(D)J recombinase events. In this review, I will present the utility of analyzing mutagenic V(D)J recombinase mediated genomic rearrangements at the HPRT locus in humans as an in vivo model system for understanding the mechanisms responsible for leukemogenic genetic alterations observed in children with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Finette
- Department of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, E203 Given Building, 89 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Rice SC, Vacek P, Homans AH, Messier T, Rivers J, Kendall H, Finette BA. Genotoxicity of therapeutic intervention in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4464-71. [PMID: 15231655 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The survival rates of children treated for cancer have dramatically increased after the development of standardized multiple-modality treatment protocols. As a result, there is a rapidly growing population of pediatric cancer survivors in which the long-term genotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic intervention is unknown. To study the genotoxic effects of antineoplastic treatment in children, we performed a comparative analysis of the changes in the frequency of somatic mutations (Mfs) at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)-reporter gene in children treated for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). We measured HPRT Mfs from 130 peripheral blood samples from 45 children with ALL (13, low risk; 22, standard risk; and 10, high risk) from the time of diagnosis, as well as during and after the completion of therapy. We observed a significant increase in mean HPRT Mfs during each phase of therapy (diagnosis, 1.4 x 10(-6); consolidation, 52.1 x 10(-6); maintenance, 93.2 x 10(-6); and off-therapy, 271.7 x 10(-6)) that were independent of the risk group treatment protocol used. This 200-fold increase in mean somatic Mf remained elevated years after the completion of therapy. We did not observe a significant difference in the genotoxicity of each risk group treatment modality despite differences in the compositional and clinical toxicity associated with these treatment protocols. These findings suggest that combination chemotherapy used to treat children with ALL is quite genotoxic, resulting in an increased somatic mutational load that may result in an elevated risk for the development of multi-factorial diseases, in particular second malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sederick C Rice
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA
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Rice SC, Vacek PM, Homans AH, Kendall H, Rivers J, Messier T, Finette BA. Comparative analysis of HPRT mutant frequency in children with cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2003; 42:44-49. [PMID: 12874812 DOI: 10.1002/em.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The link between exposure to environmental mutagens and the development of cancer is well established. Yet there is a paucity of data on the relationship between gene-environment interactions and the mechanisms associated with the somatic mutational events involved with malignant transformation, especially in children. To gain insight into somatic mutational mechanisms in children who develop cancer, we determined the background mutant frequency (Mf) in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) reporter gene of peripheral blood lymphocytes from pediatric cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and prior to therapeutic intervention. We studied 23 children with hematologic malignancies and 31 children with solid tumors prior to initial therapeutic intervention. Children with solid tumors, specifically sarcomas, and Hodgkin's disease were significantly older and had elevated HPRT Mfs (6.1 x 10(-6) and 3.7 x 10(-6), respectively) at the time of diagnosis, compared to normal controls (2.3 x 10(-6)) and other pediatric tumor groups including children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (ALL/NHL, 1.7 x 10(-6)), central nervous system tumors (CNS, 3.6 x 10(-6)), and neuroblastoma (1.9 x 10(-6)). Of importance is that the significant differences observed in HPRT Mfs between these groups no longer existed after correcting for the effects of age. These data demonstrate that in children who develop cancer there appears to be no significant increase in background HPRT Mf that would indicate significant exposure to genotoxic chemicals or an underlying DNA repair defect resulting in genomic instability. In addition, these data demonstrate the importance of correcting for the effect of age when comparing the frequency of somatic mutations in children and should provide baseline data for future longitudinal biomonitoring studies on the genetic effects of chemotherapy in children treated for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sederick C Rice
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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