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Ahmad F, Lou W, Shakya Y, Ginsburg L, Ng PT, Rashid M, Dinca-Panaitescu S, Ledwos C, McKenzie K. Preconsult interactive computer-assisted client assessment survey for common mental disorders in a community health centre: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ Open 2017; 5:E190-E197. [PMID: 28401134 PMCID: PMC5378520 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20160118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access disparities for mental health care exist for vulnerable ethnocultural and immigrant groups. Community health centres that serve these groups could be supported further by interactive, computer-based, self-assessments. METHODS An interactive computer-assisted client assessment survey (iCCAS) tool was developed for preconsult assessment of common mental disorders (using the Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9], Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item [GAD-7] scale, Primary Care Post-traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD-PC] screen and CAGE [concern/cut-down, anger, guilt and eye-opener] questionnaire), with point-of-care reports. The pilot randomized controlled trial recruited adult patients, fluent in English or Spanish, who were seeing a physician or nurse practitioner at the partnering community health centre in Toronto. Randomization into iCCAS or usual care was computer generated, and allocation was concealed in sequentially numbered, opaque envelopes that were opened after consent. The objectives were to examine the interventions' efficacy in improving mental health discussion (primary) and symptom detection (secondary). Data were collected by exit survey and chart review. RESULTS Of the 1248 patients assessed, 190 were eligible for participation. Of these, 148 were randomly assigned (response rate 78%). The iCCAS (n = 75) and usual care (n = 72) groups were similar in sociodemographics; 98% were immigrants, and 68% were women. Mental health discussion occurred for 58.7% of patients in the iCCAS group and 40.3% in the usual care group (p ≤ 0.05). The effect remained significant while controlling for potential covariates (language, sex, education, employment) in generalized linear mixed model (GLMM; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-4.5). Mental health symptom detection occurred for 38.7% of patients in the iCCAS group and 27.8% in the usual care group (p > 0.05). The effect was not significant beyond potential covariates in GLMM (adjusted OR 1.9; 95% CI 0.9-4.1). INTERPRETATION The studied intervention holds potential for community health centres to improve mental health discussion. Further research with larger samples should examine the impact on detection and enhance generalizability. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, no: NCT02023957, registered on Dec. 12, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ahmad
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Wendy Lou
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Yogendra Shakya
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Liane Ginsburg
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Peggy T Ng
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Meb Rashid
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Serban Dinca-Panaitescu
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Cliff Ledwos
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
| | - Kwame McKenzie
- School of Health Policy and Management (Ahmad, Ginsburg, Dinca-Panaitescu), York University; Biostatistics Division (Lou), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto; Access Alliance Multicultural Health and Community Services (Shakya, Ledwos); School of Administrative Studies (Ng), York University; Women's College Hospital (Rashid); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Rashid), University of Toronto; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (McKenzie); The Wellesley Institute (McKenzie), Toronto, Ont
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Berg CJ, Cox LS, Choi WS, Mayo MS, Krebill R, Bronars CA, Ahluwalia JS. Assessment of depression among African American light smokers. J Health Psychol 2012; 17:197-206. [PMID: 21775497 PMCID: PMC4268862 DOI: 10.1177/1359105311414953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the relationship between depression and smoking, we compared the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) in assessing depressive symptoms among African American light smokers in a clinical trial of bupropion. Of 539 participants, 21.3 percent reported significant depressive symptoms on the PHQ-2, 31.0 percent screened positive per CESD-10, 36.8 percent reported symptoms on either, and 15.6 percent screened positive on both (r = 0.47, p < .001). Having depressive symptoms was associated with less education, decreased positive affect and social support, and greater levels of negative affect and perceived stress. Cessation treatment should assess depression and address these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Pastore LM, Patrie JT, Morris WL, Dalal P, Bray MJ. Depression symptoms and body dissatisfaction association among polycystic ovary syndrome women. J Psychosom Res 2011; 71:270-6. [PMID: 21911106 PMCID: PMC3172572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One publication reported that lower body satisfaction and lower education were independent predictors of depression in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. This study replicates that analysis using different instruments, and adds androgen levels to the model. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of questionnaires (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report, Body Esteem Scale) and serum androgens from a community cohort with (n=94) and without (n=96) PCOS, matched by BMI category. Non-parametric tests, Spearman correlations, and negative binomial regression models were analyzed. RESULTS Depression symptoms were common (40-60% in lean, overweight and obese BMI categories) in the PCOS cohort, albeit generally of mild severity. The PCOS women had similar depression symptom severity (P>.20) and similar body dissatisfaction (P≥.25) as the regularly cycling women in total and stratified by BMI category. In both the PCOS and non-PCOS cohorts, depression symptom severity was positively correlated with dissatisfaction with physical appearance and physical conditioning (P<.02). Body dissatisfaction (especially perception of physical conditioning) was strongly associated with more severe depression symptoms in non-obese PCOS women (BMI<30, P<.04) before and after controlling for age, testosterone and free testosterone. In contrast, for obese women with PCOS, depression was unrelated to body dissatisfaction after controlling for age. CONCLUSIONS Among non-obese PCOS women, their subjective body image was strongly associated with the severity of their depression symptoms. Most of the obese PCOS cohort had low body satisfaction and depression symptoms, therefore individual differences in the body dissatisfaction scores were not helpful in identifying depression symptom severity. Neither testosterone nor free testosterone was associated with depression symptom severity in PCOS women after controlling for body dissatisfaction and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Pastore
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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