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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Wu JS, Tsai HD, Cheung WM, Hsu CY, Lin TN. PPAR-γ Ameliorates Neuronal Apoptosis and Ischemic Brain Injury via Suppressing NF-κB-Driven p22phox Transcription. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3626-3645. [PMID: 26108185 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), a stress-induced transcription factor, protects neurons against ischemic stroke insult by reducing oxidative stress. NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, a major driving force in ROS generation in the setting of reoxygenation/reperfusion, constitutes an important pathogenetic mechanism of ischemic brain damage. In the present study, both transient in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and in vivo middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion-reperfusion experimental paradigms of ischemic neuronal death were used to investigate the interaction between PPAR-γ and NOX. With pharmacological (PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662), loss-of-function (PPAR-γ siRNA), and gain-of-function (Ad-PPAR-γ) approaches, we first demonstrated that 15-deoxy-∆(12,14)-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), via selectively attenuating p22phox expression, inhibited NOX activation and the subsequent ROS generation and neuronal death in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. Secondly, results of promoter analyses and subcellular localization studies further revealed that PPAR-γ, via inhibiting hypoxia-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, indirectly suppressed NF-κB-driven p22phox transcription. Noteworthily, postischemic p22phox siRNA treatment not only reduced infarct volumes but also improved functional outcome. In summary, we report a novel transrepression mechanism involving PPAR-γ downregulation of p22phox expression to suppress the subsequent NOX activation, ischemic neuronal death, and brain infarct. Identification of a PPAR-γ → NF-κB → p22phox neuroprotective signaling cascade opens a new avenue for protecting the brain against ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Da Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wai-Mui Cheung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Nan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Titov BV, Matveeva NA, Martynov MY, Favorova OO. Ischemic stroke as a complex polygenic disease. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li P, Qiu T, Qin C. NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: an updated meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:231-8. [PMID: 25619262 PMCID: PMC4307689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies on the associations between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease have recently been published, but the results remain inconsistent. Material/Methods We performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate this association. Eight case-control studies were included, involving 2045 cases and 2102 controls. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q test and the I2 statistic. Begg and Egger’s tests were conducted to evaluate publication bias. Odds ratio (OR) was tested to identify the associations. Results Significant associations between p22phox gene C242T polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) risk were observed in the allelic genetic model (OR=1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.77, p=0.048). No statistical significant association was found in the dominant model (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.54–1.02, p=0.064) and recessive model (OR=1.40, 95% CI 0.89–2.19, p=0.146). Subgroup analysis showed an association in European populations for recessive model (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.06–4.26, p=0.034) and no significant evidence of association in Asian populations was found (dominant model: OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.41–1.00, p=0.05; recessive model: OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.53–1.81, p=0.948; allelic model: OR=1.51, 95% CI 0.98–2.32, p=0.061). Conclusions p22phox gene C242T polymorphism was associated with ICVD risk in the allelic genetic model, as well as in European populations for recessive model. No evidence showed association between p22phox gene C242T polymorphism and ICVD risk in the dominant model and recessive model. Furthermore, no association existed in Asian populations for any of the 3 genetic models and European populations in the dominant model and allelic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tangmeng Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Wu JS, Tsai HD, Huang CY, Chen JJ, Lin TN. 15-Deoxy-∆12,14-PGJ 2, by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, suppresses p22phox transcription to protect brain endothelial cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:221-38. [PMID: 24352801 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
15-Deoxy-∆(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) and thiazolidinedione attenuate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ)-dependent pathway. Nonetheless, how PPAR-γ mediates ROS production to ameliorate ischemic brain injury is not clear. Recent studies indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the major source of ROS in the vascular system. In the present study, we used an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (hypoxia reoxygenation [HR]) paradigm to study whether PPAR-γ interacts with NADPH oxidase, thereby regulating ROS formation in cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). With pharmacological (PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662), loss-of-function (PPAR-γ siRNA), and gain-of-function (Ad-PPAR-γ) approaches, we first demonstrated that 15d-PGJ(2) protected HR-treated CECs against ROS-induced apoptosis in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. Results of promoter and subcellular localization analyses further revealed that 15d-PGJ(2), by activating PPAR-γ, blocked HR-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, which led to inhibited transcription of the NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox. In summary, we report a novel transrepression mechanism whereby PPAR-γ downregulates hypoxia-activated p22phox transcription and the subsequent NADPH oxidase activation, ROS formation, and CEC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Sheng Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Rm 404, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Gu L, Su L, Liang B, Tang N, Long J, Tan J, Chen Q, Xie J, Wu G, Yan Y, Huang G, Zu X. Association between the C242T polymorphism of p22phox gene and ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2013; 330:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li BH, Zhang LL, Zhang BB, Yin YW, Dai LM, Pi Y, Guo L, Gao CY, Fang CQ, Wang JZ, Li JC. Association between NADPH oxidase p22(phox) C242T polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56478. [PMID: 23409188 PMCID: PMC3569432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD), but the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis was therefore designed to clarify these controversies. Methodology/Principal Findings Systematic searches of electronic databases Embase, PubMed and Web of Science, as well as hand searching of the references of identified articles and the meeting abstracts were performed. Statistical analyses were performed using software Review Manager (Version 5.1.7) and Stata (Version 11.0). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were performed. Fixed or random effects model was separately used depending on the heterogeneity between studies. Publication bias was tested by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. A total of 6 studies including 1,948 cases and 2,357 controls were combined showing no statistical evidence of association between NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and overall ICVD (allelic model: OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.93–1.26; additive model: OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 0.81–2.17; dominant model: OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.86–1.15; recessive model: OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.77–1.45). Significant association was found in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke subgroup (allelic model: OR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.88–1.41; additive model: OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 0.60–3.09; dominant model: OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.74–2.11; recessive model: OR = 2.17, 95%CI = 1.11–4.23). No statistical evidence of significant association was observed for small-vessel occlusive stroke, as well as Asian subgroup and Caucasian subgroup. Statistical powers on the combined sample size (total and subgroup) were all lower than 80%. Conclusions/Significance This meta-analysis indicates that NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism is more associated with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke than small-vessel occlusive stroke. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Larger sample-size studies with homogeneous ICVD patients and well-matched controls are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hu Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, PR China
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Jiang RS, Zhao X, Liu R. Non-syndromic cleft palate: analysis of TBX22 exon 5 gene mutation. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:406-10. [PMID: 22851992 PMCID: PMC3400901 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.28812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the mutation of T-box transcription factor TBX22 exon 5 in children with non-syndromic cleft palate. Four mutations in TBX22 exon 5 in X-linked cleft palate with ankyloglossia (CPX) patients had been identified in the previous studies. The study used the syndromic cleft palate susceptibility gene as a candidate gene for more common non-syndromic cleft palate. MATERIAL AND METHODS A family-based study with parents and their children composing parent-child trios was performed in this research. Twenty children with non-syndromic cleft palate and 38 healthy parents were enrolled. TBX22 exon 5 was examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing. The peaks of the sequence diagrams were analyzed using chromas221 and the results of sequencing were proofread using dnastar6.13. The index of the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was calculated through McNemar testing. RESULTS We have not found the presence of any mutation of TBX22 exon 5 reported in syndromic cleft palate patients in references. The index of TDT was 0.56 and showed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05). No TBX22 exon 5 mutation was found in the 20 children. CONCLUSIONS Mutation of TBX22 exon 5 is not associated with non-syndromic cleft palate in the population of Jiangzhe areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Song Jiang
- Children's Hostipal of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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