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Silva LNR, Oliveira ECP, Baratto LC. Amazonian useful plants described in the book "Le Pays des Amazones" (1885) of the Brazilian propagandist Baron de Santa-Anna Nery: a historical and ethnobotanical perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:26. [PMID: 38409064 PMCID: PMC10897987 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery (1848-1901) was a Brazilian Baron who referred to himself as a "volunteer propagandist" for Brazil in Europe, serving as an immigration agent to publicize the living conditions in the Amazon region, advocating for its development and modernization at the end of the nineteenth century. Santa-Anna Nery's most famous book is "Le Pays des Amazones" (The Lands of the Amazons), first published in 1885, which the author dedicated a chapter to introduce and report on the Amazonian useful plant species and its relationship with humans. The aim of this work is to understand the historical context and ethnobotanical value of the plant species in the Brazilian Amazon at the end of the nineteenth century through an analysis of the book "Le Pays des Amazones" (1885) by Baron de Santa-Anna Nery, as well as to bring to light the historical importance of this very influential propagandist, who has been forgotten nowadays. METHODS The original book "Le Pays des Amazones" (1885), as well as the original 3rd edition and its translated version into Portuguese, was carefully analyzed and all information about plants was systematized, with botanical names being updated. Finally, using the scientific name of medicinal plants alone or in combination with their traditional use, a search was carried out in databases in order to indicate current pharmacological studies that provide evidence about the described traditional uses. RESULTS A total of 156 plant species were identified in the book, although 132 species had their scientific names updated. These species belong to 45 different families, with Fabaceae and Arecaceae the most represented, and 109 plants are Brazilian native. Considering only the 36 medicinal plants, the main medicinal indications reported were astringent, purgative/laxative, stimulant and tonic, vermifuge, febrifuge, sudorific, emetic, diuretic and antidysenteric. Regarding other useful plants (non-medicinal), 97 species were cited for food, constructions and buildings, spices and condiments, ornaments and objects, carpentry, textile fibers, gums, oils, balms and essences, pigments and tanning, hunting and fishing. CONCLUSIONS When the book "Le Pays des Amazones" is analyzed from a timeless perspective, with a particular focus on historical ethnobotany, it is possible to observe the economic, social, and political importance of many useful plants for the Amazon at the end of the nineteenth century and how the relationship between local people, indigenous communities, and immigrants was established with plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas N R Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Post-Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, Pará (PA), Brazil
| | - Elaine C P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Post-Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, Pará (PA), Brazil
| | - Leopoldo C Baratto
- Laboratory of Applied Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
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2
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Macedo A, Pessoa E, Alves M. Synopsis of Loganiaceae in Pernambuco, Brazil. RODRIGUÉSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202273053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Loganiaceae is a member of the Gentianales order and comprises about 460 species in 16 genera, being mainly distributed in the tropical regions of the world. The Brazilian Neotropical region is one of the centers of diversity for two of the richest genera of Loganiaceae, Spigelia and Strychnos, justifying floristic efforts to better understand family diversity in this region. This study aims to update the taxonomic knowledge about the Loganiaceae of the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, providing an identification key, diagnostic characters of the species emphasizing vegetative features, illustrations and photos, distribution maps, and occurrence within Conservation Units. We analyzed collections from 18 local herbaria and conducted field expeditions to strategical locations of the state between 2017 to 2019. In total, we identified 16 species belonging to three genera: Mitreola (1), Spigelia (8) and Strychnos (7). As shown in previous studies, the morphology of the carpoatlas was determinant in the recognition of Spigelia species. In Pernambuco, Mitreola petiolata, Spigelia flemmingiana, S. laurina, S. scabra, Strychnos atlantica, S. divaricans, S. mattogrossensis, and S. trinervis were found only in the Atlantic Forest, while Spigelia alborubra, S. linarioides, S. pernambucensis, Strychnos gardneri, and S. rubiginosa were found only in the Caatinga domain. Spigelia anthelmia, S. polystachya, and Strychnos parvifolia have continuous distribution between both phytogeographic domains, presenting high morphological variability in these areas. Among the 16 loganiaceous species, 13 belong to 20 different Conservation Units spread over the two phytogeographic domains, highlighting the importance of maintaining these areas for the conservation of biodiversity in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edlley Pessoa
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Brazil
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3
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Dibrell SE, Tao Y, Reisman SE. Synthesis of Complex Diterpenes: Strategies Guided by Oxidation Pattern Analysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1360-1373. [PMID: 33621061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With complex molecular architectures, intriguing oxidation patterns, and wide-ranging biological activities, diterpene natural products have greatly impacted research in organic chemistry and drug discovery. Our laboratory has completed total syntheses of several highly oxidized diterpenes, including the ent-kauranoids maoecrystal Z, trichorabdal A, and longikaurin E; the antibiotic pleuromutilin; and the insecticides ryanodol, ryanodine, and perseanol. In this Account, we show how analysis of oxidation patterns and inherent functional group relationships can inform key C-C bond disconnections that greatly simplify the complexity of polycyclic structures and streamline their total syntheses. In articulating these concepts, we draw heavily from the approaches to synthetic strategy that were codified by Evans, Corey, Seebach, and others, based on the formalism that heteroatoms impose an alternating acceptor and donor reactivity pattern upon a carbon skeleton. We find these ideas particularly useful when considering oxidized diterpenes as synthetic targets.In the first part of the Account, we describe the use of reductive cyclizations as strategic tactics for building polycyclic systems with γ-hydroxyketone motifs. We have leveraged Sm-ketyl radical cyclizations as "reactivity umpolungs" to generate γ-hydroxyketones in our total syntheses of the Isodon ent-kauranoid diterpenes (-)-maoecrystal Z, (-)-longikaurin E, and (-)-trichorabdal A. Following this work, we identified the same γ-hydroxyketone pattern in the diterpene antibiotic (+)-pleuromutilin, which again inspired the use of a SmI2-mediated reductive cyclization, this time to construct a bridging eight-membered ring. This collection of four total syntheses highlights how reductive cyclizations are particularly effective umpolung tactics when used to simultaneously form rings and introduce 1,4-dioxygenation patterns.In the second part of the Account, we detail the syntheses of the complex and highly oxidized ryanodane and isoryanodane diterpenes and present the oxidation pattern analysis that guided our synthetic designs. We first discuss our 15-step total synthesis of (+)-ryanodol, which incorporated five of the eight oxygen atoms in just two transformations: a dihydroxylation of (S)-pulegone and a SeO2-mediated trioxidation of the A-ring cyclopentenone. This latter transformation gave rise to an independent investigation of SeO2-mediated peroxidations of simple bicyclic cyclopent-2-en-1-ones. The syntheses of (+)-ryanodine and (+)-20-deoxyspiganthine are also presented, which required modified end-game strategies to selectively incorporate the key pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester. Finally, we describe our fragment coupling approach to prepare the isoryanodane diterpene (+)-perseanol. Using a similar oxidation pattern analysis to that developed in the synthesis of ryanodol, we again identified a two-stage strategy to install the five hydroxyl groups. This strategy was enabled by a Pd-mediated carbopalladation/carbonylation cascade and leveraged unexpected, emergent reactivity to sequence a series of late-stage oxidations.While each of the diterpene natural products discussed in this Account present unique synthetic questions, we hope that through their collective discussion, we provide a conceptual framework that condenses and summarizes the chemical knowledge we have learned and inspires future discourse and innovations in strategy design and methodology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Dibrell
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yujia Tao
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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André A, Touré AK, Stien D, Eparvier V. 2,5-diketopiperazines mitigate the amount of advanced glycation end products accumulated with age in human dermal fibroblasts. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:596-604. [PMID: 32767373 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycation is a common non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and sugars, resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the human body. As can be seen in diabetic patients, the accumulation of AGEs in the skin has aesthetic consequences (wrinkles, brown spots and yellowish complexion). Therefore, the objective of this work was to find compounds isolated from natural sources that could eliminate the final AGEs accumulated in the skin with ageing. METHODS AND RESULTS A preliminary screening performed on a bank of microbial extracts and pure compounds showed that 2,5-Diketopiperazines (DKPs), as well as the extract of Sphingobacterium sp (SNB-CN13), reduced the presence of AGEs in fibroblasts by -28% and -23%, respectively. In this article, we present the dereplication approach used to reveal the presence of 26 different DKPs in the crude extract of Sphingobacterium sp. Bioguided fractionation has led to the isolation of 12 of them, whose identity has been confirmed by HRMS and NMR. A green synthesis approach has been developed to synthesize 3 symmetrical DKPs. The biological activity of all DKPs was evaluated by the development of an in vitro test using immunocytochemistry to reveal the presence of AGE carboxymethyl-lysine in human dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our work shows for the first time that DKPs decrease the amount of carboxymethyl-lysine AGE in elderly human dermal fibroblasts grown in vitro. Therefore, diketopiperazines can be considered as compounds of interest for dermatological and cosmetic applications with an anti-ageing aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- A André
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.,Laboratoire Shigeta, 62 boulevard Davout, Paris, 75020, France
| | - A K Touré
- Laboratoire Shigeta, 62 boulevard Davout, Paris, 75020, France
| | - D Stien
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, USR 3579, Banyuls-sur-mer, 66650, France
| | - V Eparvier
- Laboratoire Shigeta, 62 boulevard Davout, Paris, 75020, France
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5
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Zhou H, Guoruoluo Y, Tuo Y, Zhou J, Zhang H, Wang W, Xiang M, Aisa HA, Yao G. Cassiabudanols A and B, Immunostimulative Diterpenoids with a Cassiabudane Carbon Skeleton Featuring a 3-Oxatetracyclo[6.6.1.0 2,6.0 10,14]pentadecane Scaffold from Cassia Buds. Org Lett 2019; 21:549-553. [PMID: 30601013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Two novel diterpenoids, cassiabudanols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from cassia buds. Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 possess an unprecedented 11,14- cyclo-8,14:12,13-di- seco-isoryanodane (cassiabudane) carbon skeleton featuring a unique 3-oxatetracyclo[6.6.1.02,6.010,14]pentadecane bridged system, and their biosynthetic pathways are proposed. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant immunostimulative activity, and the mode of action of 2 involves upregulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and downregulating Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Yindengzhi Guoruoluo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Yali Tuo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Junfei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone , Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011 , China
| | - Guangmin Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
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6
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Xu C, Han A, Reisman SE. An Oxidative Dearomatization Approach To Prepare the Pentacyclic Core of Ryanodol. Org Lett 2018; 20:3793-3796. [PMID: 29897247 PMCID: PMC6103443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An approach to synthesize the pentacyclic framework of the polyol diterpenoid ryanodol is reported. The ABC tricycle was constructed by a Co-mediated Pauson-Khand reaction, and both radical and anionic cyclization pathways were developed to form the E-ring. In addition, a reaction sequence involving SeO2-mediated enone oxidation and hydroxyl-directed oxy-Michael addition was developed to introduce the A-ring oxidation. The feasibility of forming the bridging D-ring by an oxidative dearomatization was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Arthur Han
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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7
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Ribeiro WL, Andre WP, Cavalcante GS, de Araújo-Filho JV, Santos JM, Macedo IT, de Melo JV, de Morais SM, Bevilaqua CM. Effects of Spigelia anthelmia decoction on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Xu C, Han A, Virgil SC, Reisman SE. Chemical Synthesis of (+)-Ryanodine and (+)-20-Deoxyspiganthine. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:278-282. [PMID: 28470044 PMCID: PMC5409222 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Ryanodine is a natural product modulator of ryanodine receptors, important intracellular calcium ion channels that play a critical role in signal transduction leading to muscle movement and synaptic transmission. Chemical derivatization of (+)-ryanodine has demonstrated that certain peripheral structural modifications can alter its pharmacology, and that the pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester is critical for high affinity binding to ryanodine receptors. However, the structural variation of available ryanodine analogues has been limited by the challenge of site-specific functionalization of semisynthetic intermediates, such as (+)-ryanodol. Here we report a synthetic strategy that provides access to (+)-ryanodine and the related natural product (+)-20-deoxyspiganthine in 18 and 19 steps, respectively. A key feature of this strategy is the reductive cyclization of an epoxide intermediate that possesses the critical pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester. This approach allows for the direct introduction of this ester in the final stage of the synthesis and provides a framework for the synthesis of previously inaccessible synthetic ryanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory
for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Arthur Han
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory
for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory
for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory
for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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9
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Masuda K, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Chemical Conversion of Ryanodol to Ryanodine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:874-9. [PMID: 27010543 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine (1) is a plant-derived natural product with powerful pharmacological and insecticidal action, and is a potent modulator of intracellular calcium release channels. Compound 1 possesses a 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester at the C3-position of heptahydroxylated terpenoid ryanodol (2). Whereas 2 was readily obtained from 1 by basic hydrolysis, 1 has never been synthesized from 2, due to the extreme difficulty in selectively introducing the bulky pyrrole moiety at the severely hindered C3-hydroxyl group of heptaol 2. Here we report chemical conversion of 2 to 1 for the first time. The derivatization was realized through the use of a new protective group strategy and the application of on-site construction of the pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester from the glycine ester and 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)allylium tetrafluoroborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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10
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Homeopathy and systematics: a systematic analysis of the therapeutic effects of the plant species used in homeopathy. HOMEOPATHY 2008; 97:122-8. [PMID: 18657770 DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of the plant species used in homeopathy have never been subjected to systematic analysis. A survey of the various Materiae Medicae shows that over 800 plant species are the source of medicines in homeopathy. As these medicines are considered related to one another with respect to their therapeutic effects for treating similar symptoms, the aim is to classify and map them using the concept of homology. This involves placing the discipline of homeopathy into a comparative framework using these plant medicines as taxa, therapeutic effects as characters, and contemporary cladistic techniques to analyse these relationships. The results are compared using cladograms based on different data sets used in biology (e.g. morphological characters and DNA sequences) to test whether similar cladistic patterns exist among these medicines. By classifying the therapeutic actions, genuine homologies can be distinguished from homoplasies. As this is a comparative study it has been necessary first to update the existing nomenclature of the plant species in the homeopathic literature in line with the current International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
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Barreiros ML, David JP, David JM, Xavier Lopes LM, de Sá MS, Costa JFO, Almeida MZ, de Queiróz LP, Sant'ana AEG. Ryanodane diterpenes from two Erythroxylum species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:1735-9. [PMID: 17570446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodane diterpenes, named 14-O-methyl-ryanodanol and ryanodanol, were isolated from ripe fruit of Erythroxylum passerinum. Compound 2 was also found in the leaves of this species, while 1 was obtained from the leaves of E. nummularia. Compound 1 showed insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marizeth L Barreiros
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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12
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Peraza-Sánchez SR, Cen-Pacheco F, Noh-Chimal A, May-Pat F, Simá-Polanco P, Dumonteil E, García-Miss MR, Mut-Martín M. Leishmanicidal evaluation of extracts from native plants of the Yucatan peninsula. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:315-8. [PMID: 17482379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methanol extracts were prepared from different parts of 18 plants collected in the Yucatan peninsula and evaluated in an in vitro bioassay for leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. The ten most potent plant extracts (IC(50)<50 microg/ml) were Aphelandra scabra leaves, Byrsonima bucidaefolia bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Clusia flava leaves, Cupania dentata bark, Diphysa carthagenensis leaves, Dorstenia contrajerva whole plant, Milleria quinqueflora roots, Tridax procumbens whole plant, and Vitex gaumeri bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Peraza-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 41 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida, Yucatan, 97200 (CICY), Mexico.
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13
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Camurça-Vasconcelos ALF, Nascimento NRF, Sousa CM, Melo LM, Morais SM, Bevilaqua CML, Rocha MFG. Neuromuscular effects and acute toxicity of an ethyl acetate extract of Spigelia anthelmia Linn. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 92:257-261. [PMID: 15138009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate extract of Spigelia anthelmia (EASa), with validated anthelmintic activity, was evaluated for its acute toxicity and general effects in albino Swiss mice and for neuromuscular relaxant activity in the frog sciatic-gastrocnemius and rectus abdominis preparation. The extract induced a dose-related myotonia and muscular paralysis of rapid onset at higher doses. The calculated LD50 after oral and intraperitoneal administration was 345.9 [241.4-484.7] mg/kg and 60.8 [47.4-80] mg/kg, respectively. In broilers, intramuscular injection of EASa-induced spastic paralysis qualitatively similar to that obtained after succinylcholine administration and contrasting to the flaccid paralysis induced by D-tubocurarine. The contraction elicited by direct stimulation of the gastrocnemius was blocked by EASa by 54.3+/-4.7% (IC50 = 21.4 [11.2-35.8] microg/ml) and the twitches evoked by stimulation of the sciatic nerve were blocked by 69.1+/-7.4% (IC50 = 17.9 [4.5-34.23] microg/ml). EASa also blocked acetylcholine-induced contractions in the frog rectus abdominis by 58.6+/-7.4% (IC50 = 7.4 [1.7-15.28] microg/ml) but did not decrease tonic contractions induced by a high-potassium Ringer solution. In summary, the ethyl acetate extract of Spigelia anthelmia induces tonic paralysis in vivo, and decreases amplitudes of twitches and increases tonus of skeletal muscle in vitro.
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14
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Waibel R, Benirschke G, Benirschke M, Achenbach H. Sesquineolignans and other constituents from the seeds of Joannesia princeps. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 62:805-811. [PMID: 12620334 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From the methanolic extract of the seeds of the Brazilian Joannesia princeps 3,3'-bisdemethylpinoresinol and six new sesquineolignans were isolated besides the known neolignans americanol A, isoamericanol A and isoamericanin A which were found to be the major constituents. A method was developed to distinguish americanol- from isoamericanol-type compounds spectroscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Waibel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Erlangen, Schuhstr 19, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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