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Ahmed M, Iqbal A, Latif A, Din SU, Sarwar MB, Wang X, Rao AQ, Husnain T, Ali Shahid A. Overexpression of a Sucrose Synthase Gene Indirectly Improves Cotton Fiber Quality Through Sucrose Cleavage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:476251. [PMID: 33281834 PMCID: PMC7688987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.476251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to improve fiber traits of local cotton cultivar through genetic transformation of sucrose synthase (SuS) gene in cotton. Sucrose synthase (SuS) is an important factor that is involved in the conversion of sucrose to fructose and UDP-glucose, which are essential for the synthesis of cell wall cellulose. In the current study, we expressed a synthetic SuS gene in cotton plants under the control of a CaMV35S promoter. Amplification of an 813-bp fragment using gene-specific primers confirmed the successful introduction of SuS gene into the genome of cotton variety CEMB-00. High SuS mRNA expression was observed in two transgenic cotton plants, MA0023 and MA0034, when compared to the expression in two other transgenic cotton plants, MA0035 and MA0038. Experiments showed that SuS mRNA expression was positively correlated with SuS activity at the vegetative (54%) and reproductive stages (40%). Furthermore, location of transgene was found to be at chromosome no. 9 in the form of single insertion, while no signal was evident in non-transgenic control cotton plant when evaluated through fluorescent in situ hybridization and karyotyping analysis. Fiber analyses of the transgenic cotton plants showed increases of 11.7% fiber length, 18.65% fiber strength, and up to 5% cellulose contents. An improvement in the micronaire value of 4.21 was also observed in the MA0038 transgenic cotton line. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the fibers of the SuS transgenic cotton plants were highly spiral with a greater number of twists per unit length than the fibers of the non-transgenic control plants. These results determined that SuS gene expression influenced cotton fiber structure and quality, suggesting that SuS gene has great potential for cotton fiber quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Higher Education, Government Boys College Sokasan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Mukhtar Ahmed,
| | - Adnan Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Latif
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Salah ud Din
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRM), University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sarwar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xuede Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Abdul Qayyum Rao,
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Singh B, Avci U, Eichler Inwood SE, Grimson MJ, Landgraf J, Mohnen D, Sørensen I, Wilkerson CG, Willats WGT, Haigler CH. A specialized outer layer of the primary cell wall joins elongating cotton fibers into tissue-like bundles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:684-99. [PMID: 19369592 PMCID: PMC2689960 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.135459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) provides the world's dominant renewable textile fiber, and cotton fiber is valued as a research model because of its extensive elongation and secondary wall thickening. Previously, it was assumed that fibers elongated as individual cells. In contrast, observation by cryo-field emission-scanning electron microscopy of cotton fibers developing in situ within the boll demonstrated that fibers elongate within tissue-like bundles. These bundles were entrained by twisting fiber tips and consolidated by adhesion of a cotton fiber middle lamella (CFML). The fiber bundles consolidated via the CFML ultimately formed a packet of fiber around each seed, which helps explain how thousands of cotton fibers achieve their great length within a confined space. The cell wall nature of the CFML was characterized using transmission electron microscopy, including polymer epitope labeling. Toward the end of elongation, up-regulation occurred in gene expression and enzyme activities related to cell wall hydrolysis, and targeted breakdown of the CFML restored fiber individuality. At the same time, losses occurred in certain cell wall polymer epitopes (as revealed by comprehensive microarray polymer profiling) and sugars within noncellulosic matrix components (as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of derivatized neutral and acidic glycosyl residues). Broadly, these data show that adhesion modulated by an outer layer of the primary wall can coordinate the extensive growth of a large group of cells and illustrate dynamic changes in primary wall structure and composition occurring during the differentiation of one cell type that spends only part of its life as a tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bir Singh
- North Carolina State University, Department of Crop Science, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7620, USA
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