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Ezzatzadeh E, Hargalani FZ, Shafaei F. Bio-Fe 3O 4-MNPs Promoted Green Synthesis of Pyrido[2,1- a]isoquinolines and Pyrido[1,2- a]quinolines: Study of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1879882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ezzatzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fariba Zamani Hargalani
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shafaei
- Department of Chemistry, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Xu X, Huang Y, Xu J, He X, Wang Y. Anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant phenols from mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.). J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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3
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Faal Hamedani N, Ghazvini M, Azad L, Noushin A. Green synthesis of pyrido[2,1‐
a
]isoquinolines and pyrido[1,2‐
a
]quinolins using Fe
3
O
4
‐MNPs as efficient nanocatalyst: Study of antioxidant activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Faal Hamedani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ValiasrTechnical and Vocational University (TVU) Tehran Iran
| | | | - Leila Azad
- Department of ChemistryIslamic Azad University Khodabandeh Iran
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4
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Hamedani NF, Ghazvini M, Sheikholeslami-Farahani F, Jamnani MTB. KF/Clinoptilolite Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Green Synthesis of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolines using Four-Component Reaction of Alkyl Bromides. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 22:728-739. [PMID: 31838992 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666191213143417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE KF/Clinoptilolite nanoparticles are employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives through a four-component reaction of isoquinoline, two different alkyl bromides and an electron deficient internal alkynes at ambient temperature in water as green solvent. METHODS In this research, (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical trapping and reducing potential of ferric ion experiments was used for determining antioxidant activity of some newly synthesized compounds such as 5a, 5c, 5f and 5g and comparing results with synthetic antioxidants (TBHQ and BHT). RESULTS Compounds 5a, 5c, 5f and 5g display trace DPPH radical trapping and excellent reducing power of ferric ion. Furthermore, the power of some prepared compounds against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was proved by employing the disk dispersion experiment. CONCLUSION The obtained results of disk diffusion test showed that compounds 5a, 5d and 5e prevented the bacterial growth. The reported procedure shows the advantages of clean reaction, high yield and simple purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh F Hamedani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Valiasr, Tehran Branch, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghazvini
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad T B Jamnani
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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5
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Zhao J, Méndez-Sánchez D, Ward JM, Hailes HC. Biomimetic Phosphate-Catalyzed Pictet-Spengler Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,1'-Disubstituted and Spiro-Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7702-7710. [PMID: 31095375 PMCID: PMC7007230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) alkaloids
are an important group
of compounds that exhibit a range of bioactivities. Here, a phosphate
buffer-catalyzed Pictet–Spengler reaction (PSR) using unreactive
ketone substrates is described. A variety of 1,1′-disubstituted
and spiro-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids were readily prepared in
one-step and high yields, highlighting the general applicability of
this approach. This study features the role of phosphate in the aqueous-based
PSR and provides an atom-efficient, sustainable route to new THIQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , Christopher Ingold Building, 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , U.K
| | - Daniel Méndez-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , Christopher Ingold Building, 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , U.K
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , Christopher Ingold Building, 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , U.K
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6
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Rios MY, Córdova-Albores LC, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, King-Díaz B, Lotina-Hennsen B, León Rivera I, Miranda-Sánchez D. Phytotoxic Potential of Zanthoxylum affine and Its Major Compound Linarin as a Possible Natural Herbicide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14779-14787. [PMID: 30555988 PMCID: PMC6289490 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Four compounds, the flavone linarin (1), the triterpene lupenone (2), the tocopherol (vitamin E, 3), and the new natural alkaloid 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1-dimethyl-6,7-isoquinolindiol (affineine, 4), were the major natural products isolated from Zanthoxylum affine (syn. Zanthoxylum fagara, Rutaceae). Compound 1 is highly abundant in this plant and was isolated as a white precipitate obtained from the acetone and methanol extracts. The structure of these four compounds was established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy including 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts, as well as 1, were evaluated for their potential phytotoxic effects in pre- and post-emergent assays, as well as to identify their mechanisms of action. As pre-emergent phytotoxic agents, the hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts inhibited germination and residual growth (root and stem elongation) of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass). As post-emergent agents, they inhibited dry biomass. Compound 1 acts as a pre-emergent herbicide, by inhibiting germination, seed respiration, residual seedling growth and, notably, root hair development. Furthermore, 1 inhibited the synthesis of ATP and the electron transport chain of isolated spinach chloroplasts; in this way, it behaves as a Hill reaction inhibitor. The site of inhibition was located at the donor site of PSII from the oxygen evolving complex to QA, thus acting as a multisite compound. These results suggest that compound 1 can be used as a lead for a potential green herbicide with different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yolanda Rios
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- E-mail: . Phone: +52 777 329 7000 ext. 6024. Fax: +52
777 329 7997 (M.Y.R.)
| | - Liliana Carolina Córdova-Albores
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - M. Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Beatriz King-Díaz
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Blas Lotina-Hennsen
- Departamento
de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Ismael León Rivera
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diter Miranda-Sánchez
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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7
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Alkaloids from Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott. and their biological activities. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Mahmoud MR, El-Shahawi MM, Abou-Elmagd WSI, Hekal MH. Novel Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives Derived from (Z)-4-(1,3-Diphenylpyrazol-4-yl)isochromene-1,3-dione. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud R. Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M. El-Shahawi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed H. Hekal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Arunpanichlert J, Rukachaisirikul V, Phongpaichit S, Supaphon O, Sakayaroj J. Xylariphilone: a new azaphilone derivative from the seagrass-derived fungus Xylariales sp. PSU-ES163. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:46-51. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1032282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Arunpanichlert
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Souwalak Phongpaichit
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Orathai Supaphon
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Jariya Sakayaroj
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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10
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Shen H, Shao M, Cho KW, Wang S, Chen Z, Sheng L, Wang T, Liu Y, Rui L. Herbal constituent sequoyitol improves hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by targeting hepatocytes, adipocytes, and β-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E932-40. [PMID: 22297305 PMCID: PMC3330724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00479.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes increases rapidly; however, treatments are limited. Various herbal extracts have been reported to reduce blood glucose in animals with either genetic or dietary type 2 diabetes; however, plant extracts are extremely complex, and leading compounds remain largely unknown. Here we show that 5-O-methyl-myo-inositol (also called sequoyitol), a herbal constituent, exerts antidiabetic effects in mice. Sequoyitol was chronically administrated into ob/ob mice either orally or subcutaneously. Both oral and subcutaneous administrations of sequoyitol decreased blood glucose, improved glucose intolerance, and enhanced insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. Sequoyitol directly enhanced insulin signaling, including phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt, in both HepG2 cells (derived from human hepatocytes) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In agreement, sequoyitol increased the ability of insulin to suppress glucose production in primary hepatocytes and to stimulate glucose uptake into primary adipocytes. Furthermore, sequoyitol improved insulin signaling in INS-1 cells (a rat β-cell line) and protected INS-1 cells from streptozotocin- or H₂O₂-induced injury. In mice with streptozotocin-induced β-cell deficiency, sequoyitol treatments increased plasma insulin levels and decreased hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. These results indicate that sequoyitol, a natural, water-soluble small molecule, ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by increasing both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Sequoyitol appears to directly target hepatocytes, adipocytes, and β-cells. Therefore, sequoyitol may serve as a new oral diabetes medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Dept. of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Univ. of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622, USA
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11
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Ivanov I, Nikolova S, Aladjov D, Stefanova I, Zagorchev P. Synthesis and contractile activity of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. Molecules 2011; 16:7019-42. [PMID: 21847072 PMCID: PMC6264338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16087019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of different 1-monosubstituted and 1,1-disubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolines was synthesized in high yields from different ketoamides. We have developed a convenient method for the synthesis of disubstituted derivatives by interaction of ketoamides with organomagnesium compounds, followed by cyclization in the presence of catalytic amounts of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). A number of substituents at the C-1 in the isoquinoline skeleton were introduced varying either carboxylic acid or organomagnesium compound. Some of the obtained 1,1-dialkyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolines possess contractile activity against guinea pig's gastric smooth muscle preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyanka Nikolova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dimo Aladjov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyana Stefanova
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University, 15A Vasil Aprilov Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Zagorchev
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University, 15A Vasil Aprilov Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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12
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Nagasawa Y, Ueoka R, Yamanokuchi R, Horiuchi N, Ikeda T, Rotinsulu H, Mangindaan REP, Ukai K, Kobayashi H, Namikoshi M, Hirota H, Yokosawa H, Tsukamoto S. Isolation of Salsolinol, a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloid, from the Marine Sponge Xestospongia cf. vansoesti as a Proteasome Inhibitor. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:287-90. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Henki Rotinsulu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Indonesia
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University
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13
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Ferreira MLR, de Pascoli IC, Nascimento IR, Zukerman-Schpector J, Lopes LMX. Aporphine and bisaporphine alkaloids from Aristolochia lagesiana var. intermedia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:469-478. [PMID: 20036405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Corydines, isocorydines, and analogous aporphine alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of Aristolochia lagesiana var. intermedia, together with three bisaporphine salts (lagesianines B-D). Their structures were determined by chemical derivatizations and spectroscopic analyses. Lagesianines B and C are the first examples of N-CH(2)-N' and C-2-O-C-1' linked dimeric aporphine alkaloids, respectively, while the monomeric units of lagesianine D, which has a carbon skeleton, are linked through C-7-C-5'via an ethane-1,2-diol group (C-7-CHOHCHOH-C-5').
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L R Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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15
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Machado MB, Lopes LMX. Tetraflavonoid and biflavonoids from Aristolochia ridicula. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:3095-102. [PMID: 18561961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biflavones, a chalcone-flavone, and a tetraflavonoid with a new carbon skeleton were isolated from the leaves of Aristolochia ridicula. Their structures were determined by chemical derivatizations and spectrometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos B Machado
- São Paulo State University-UNESP, Instituto de Química, C.P. 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Messiano GB, Vieira L, Machado MB, Lopes LMX, de Bortoli SA, Zukerman-Schpector J. Evaluation of insecticidal activity of diterpenes and lignans from Aristolochia malmeana against Anticarsia gemmatalis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2655-2659. [PMID: 18380460 DOI: 10.1021/jf703594z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of hexane extracts from the roots and leaves of Aristolochia malmeana was evaluated against Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae by topical application. Extract from the roots was the most active and caused 50% mortality in larvae at 308.4 microg/microL. From this extract, a clerodane diterpene, (-)-kolavenic acid, and three lignans, (-)-kusunokinin, (-)-hinokinin, and (8 S,8' R,9 S)-cubebin, were isolated by chromatography and partition procedures and then evaluated for their insecticidal activities either individually or in pairs. (-)-Kusunokinin showed higher activity against A. gemmatalis (LD10=9.3, LD50=230.1 microg/microL) than the crude extract, and its activity was dose-dependent, whereas the other constituents did not exhibit any significant activity. Together with (-)-kusunokinin and (-)-hinokinin, (-)-copalic acid, (-)-2-oxokolavenic acid, (-)- ent-6-beta-hydroxy-copalic acid, (8 R,8' R,9 R)- and (8 R,8' R,9 S)-cubebins, (-)-fargesin, and (-)-phillygenin were isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves. The compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele B Messiano
- Instituto de Química, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Francisco CS, Messiano GB, Lopes LMX, Tininis AG, de Oliveira JE, Capellari L. Classification of Aristolochia species based on GC-MS and chemometric analyses of essential oils. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:168-75. [PMID: 17709122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils were obtained from roots of 10 Aristolochia species by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-MS. A total of 75 compounds were identified in the analysed oils. Multivariate analyses of the chemical constituents of the roots enabled classification of the species into four morphological groups. These forms of analysis represent an aid in identification of further specimens belonging to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Francisco
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
This review covers beta-phenylethylamines and isoquinoline alkaloids derived from them, including further products of oxidation, condensation with formaldehyde and rearrangement, some of which do not contain as isoquinoline system, together with napthylisoquinoline alkaloids, which have a different biogenetic origin. The occurrence of the alkaloids with the structures of new bases, together with their reactions and syntheses, are reported. The literature from July 2003 to June 2004 is reviewed, with 145 references cited.
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