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Kolodziej H. Studies on Bignoniaceae: Newbouldiosides D - F, Minor Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Newbouldia laevis, and New Flavonoids from Markhamia zanzibarica and Spathodea campanulata. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:989-997. [PMID: 33157560 DOI: 10.1055/a-1270-7761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continued examination of the stem bark of Newbouldia laevis afforded three minor phenylethanoid glycosides, designated as newbouldiosides D - F. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 5-O-syringoyl-β-D-apiofuranosyloxy-(1 → 2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-6-O-E-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl β-D-apiofuranosyloxy-(1 → 2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-6-O-E-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl β-D-apiofuranosyloxy-(1 → 2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-6-O-E-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. These metabolites are the first members possessing a sinapoyl structural element. In addition, the series of naturally occurring flavonoids is extended by the identification of 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-5'-methoxyflavanone and apigenin-5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside obtained from leaf extracts of Markhamia zanzibarica and aromadendrin-7-O-(2″-O-formyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated from Spathodea campanulata. The latter compound is the first example of a flavonoid possessing a formylated glucosyl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kolodziej
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Berlin, Germany
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Kalra R, Conlan XA, Areche C, Dilawari R, Goel M. Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629695. [PMID: 34040518 PMCID: PMC8141859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodology with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of lichen P. furfuracea. Two phenolic compounds, atraric acid and olivetoric acid were isolated and quantified in their respective extracts with the aid of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest concentration of both the compounds, atraric acid (4.89 mg/g DW) and olivetoric acid (11.46 mg/g DW) were found in 70% methanol extract. A direct correlation was also observed between the concentrations of these compounds with the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts which might contribute towards the antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and HPLC analysis which was used to study the effect of pre-processing on extraction process highlighted the capacity of a mixer grinder technique for improved separation of surface localized metabolites and enrichment of the fraction. An investigation of the chemical profile of the bioactive extract 70% methanol extract using UHPLC-DAD-MS lead to tentative identification of forty nine compounds. This extract was also assessed towards HEK 293 T cell line for cytotoxicity analysis. Concentration range of 0.156 to 100 µg/ml of PF70M extract exhibited no significant cell death as compared to control. Further, the active extract showed protective effect against hydroxyl radical's destructive effects on DNA when assessed using DNA nicking assay. Based upon this, it can be concluded that optimization of extraction solvent, sample pre-proceesing and extraction techniques can be useful in extraction of specific antioxidant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Kalra
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India.,Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Carlos Areche
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Nuñoa, Chile
| | - Rahul Dilawari
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mayurika Goel
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, India
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Dassekpo IS, Achigan-Dako EG, Tenté B, Houssou CS, Ahanchédé A. Valuation of Newbouldia laevis and its endogenous conservation in Benin (West Africa). J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Atraric Acid Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells and Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197070. [PMID: 32992840 PMCID: PMC7582958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens, composite organisms resulting from the symbiotic association between the fungi and algae, produce a variety of secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the secondary metabolite atraric acid produced by Heterodermia hypoleuca. The results confirmed that atraric acid could regulate induced pro-inflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, induced nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, atraric acid downregulated the expression of phosphorylated IκB, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Based on these results, the anti-inflammatory effect of atraric acid during LPS-induced endotoxin shock in a mouse model was confirmed. In the atraric acid treated-group, cytokine production was decreased in the peritoneum and serum, and each organ damaged by LPS-stimulation was recovered. These results indicate that atraric acid has an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the inactivation of the ERK/NFκB signaling pathway, demonstrating its potential therapeutic value for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Differential constituents in roots, stems and leaves of Newbouldia laevis Thunb. screened by LC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Homocysteine, Thioretinaco Ozonide, and Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cancer and Aging: A Proposed Clinical Trial Protocol. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:285-310. [PMID: 30725425 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the proposed clinical interventional trial is to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel therapeutic strategy in subjects with cancer and hyperhomocysteinemia. Following discovery of abnormal homocysteine thiolactone metabolism in cultured malignant cells, thioretinamide, the amide synthesized from retinoic acid and homocysteine thiolactone, and thioretinaco, the complex formed from cobalamin and thioretinamide, were demonstrated to have antineoplastic, anticarcinogenic, and anti-atherogenic properties in animal models. Retinol, ascorbate, and homocysteine thiolactone are necessary for biosynthesis of thioretinamide and thioretinaco by cystathionine synthase and for formation of thioretinaco ozonide from thioretinamide, cobalamin, and ozone. Thioretinaco ozonide is required for prevention of abnormal oxidative metabolism, aerobic glycolysis, suppressed immunity, and hyperhomocysteinemia in cancer.The pancreatic enzyme therapy of cancer promotes catabolism of proteins, nucleic acids, and glycosaminoglycans with excess homocysteinylated amino groups resulting from abnormal accumulation of homocysteine thiolactone in malignant cells. Dietary deficiencies of pyridoxal, folate, cobalamin, and nitriloside contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia in cancer, and in protein energy malnutrition. A deficiency of dietary sulfur amino acids downregulates cystathionine synthase, causing hyperhomocysteinemia.The organic sulfur compound diallyl trisulfide increases hydrogen sulfide production from homocysteine in animal models, inhibits Stat3 signaling in cancer stem cells, and produces apoptosis of malignant cells. The furanonaphthoquinone compound napabucasin inhibits Stat3 signaling and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis of malignant cells. The protocol of the proposed clinical trial in subjects with myelodysplasia consists of thioretinamide and cobalamin as precursors of thioretinaco ozonide, combined with pancreatic enzyme extracts, diallyl trisulfide, napabucasin, nutritional modification to minimize processed foods, vitamin supplements, essential amino acids, and beneficial dietary fats and proteins.
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McCully KS. Hyperhomocysteinemia, Suppressed Immunity, and Altered Oxidative Metabolism Caused by Pathogenic Microbes in Atherosclerosis and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:324. [PMID: 29056905 PMCID: PMC5635055 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic microorganisms have been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques and in cerebral plaques in dementia. Hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and dementia, is caused by dysregulation of methionine metabolism secondary to deficiency of the allosteric regulator, adenosyl methionine. Deficiency of adenosyl methionine results from increased polyamine biosynthesis by infected host cells, causing increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase, decreased nitric oxide and peroxynitrate formation and impaired immune reactions. The down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation that is observed in aging and dementia is attributed to deficiency of thioretinaco ozonide oxygen complexed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and phosphate, which catalyzes oxidative phosphorylation. Adenosyl methionine biosynthesis is dependent upon thioretinaco ozonide and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the deficiency of adenosyl methionine and impaired immune function in aging are attributed to depletion of thioretinaco ozonide from mitochondrial membranes. Allyl sulfides and furanonaphthoquinones protect against oxidative stress and apoptosis by increasing the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide and by inhibiting electron transfer to the active site of oxidative phosphorylation. Diallyl trisulfide and napabucasin inhibit the signaling by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), potentially enhancing immune function by effects on T helper lymphocytes and promotion of apoptosis. Homocysteine promotes endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis by the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress through activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, causing oxidative stress, calcium influx, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction. The prevention of atherosclerosis and dementia may be accomplished by a proposed nutritional metabolic homocysteine-lowering protocol which enhances immunity and corrects the altered oxidative metabolism in atherosclerosis and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilmer S. McCully
- Pathology, VA Boston Healthcare System (VHA), Boston, MA, United States
- Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Ram RN, Gupta DK, Soni VK. Copper(I)/Ligand-Catalyzed 5-endo Radical Cyclization-Aromatization of 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl Vinyl Ethers: Synthesis of 2,3-Difunctionalized 4-Chlorofurans. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1665-74. [PMID: 26796068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper(I)/ligand-catalyzed one pot synthesis of highly substituted 2,3-difunctionalized-4-chlorofurans has been reported. The reaction proceeds via a Cu(I)-catalyzed regioselective 5-endo-trig radical cyclization of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl vinyl ethers followed by the base-promoted dehydrochlorination. The success of the kinetically disfavored 5-endo cyclization was attributed to the formation of captodatively stabilized radical intermediate in the cyclization step and relatively high reaction temperature. Synthetic application of this protocol was also demonstrated in the preparation of alkyl and aryl substituted 4-chlorofuranonapthoquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram N Ram
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
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Fan X, Yan M, He Y, Shen N, Zhang X. Synthesis of Functionalized Phenols via the Cascade Reactions of Allenic Ketones with β-Diketones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Eyong KO, Chinthapally K, Senthilkumar S, Lamshöft M, Folefoc GN, Baskaran S. Conversion of lapachol to lomatiol: synthesis of novel naphthoquinone derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01484k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biomimetic synthesis of lomatiol from lapachol and the subsequent transformation of lomatiol to biologically important furano- and pyrano-napthoquinone derivatives have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth O. Eyong
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Yaounde 1
- BP 812 Yaounde
- Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kiran Chinthapally
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600 036
- India
| | | | - Marc Lamshöft
- Bayer CropScience Aktiengesellschaft
- Bcs AG-R & D-D-EnSa-MeA
- Monheim
- Germany
| | - Gabriel N. Folefoc
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Yaounde 1
- BP 812 Yaounde
- Cameroon
| | - Sundarababu Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai-600 036
- India
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Lu YY, Wang XY, Gao K, Zhang W, Tang HF, Chen JZ. Chemical constituents from Daphniphyllum macropodum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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One-pot synthesis of 12H-benzo[b]xanthen-12-ones and naphtha[2,3-b]furans from non-naphthalene substrates. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Eyong KO, Ketsemen HL, Ghansenyuy SY, Folefoc GN. Chemical constituents, the stereochemistry of 3-hydroxy furonaphthoquinones from the root bark of Newbouldia laevis Seem (Bignoniaceae), and screening against Onchocerca ochengi parasites. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hook I, Mills C, Sheridan H. Bioactive Naphthoquinones from Higher Plants. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Guimarães HA, Vieira IJC, Braz-Filho R, Crotti AEM, dos Almeida VS, de Paula RC. Two Novel Plumeran Indole Alkaloids Isolated fromAspidosperma cylindrocarpon(Apocynaceae). Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tabebuialdehydes A–C, cyclopentene dialdehyde derivatives from the roots of Tabebuia rosea. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1456-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Setzer WN, Ogungbe IV. In-silico investigation of antitrypanosomal phytochemicals from Nigerian medicinal plants. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1727. [PMID: 22848767 PMCID: PMC3404109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), a parasitic protozoal disease, is caused primarily by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei. HAT is a re-emerging disease and currently threatens millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa. Many affected people live in remote areas with limited access to health services and, therefore, rely on traditional herbal medicines for treatment. METHODS A molecular docking study has been carried out on phytochemical agents that have been previously isolated and characterized from Nigerian medicinal plants, either known to be used ethnopharmacologically to treat parasitic infections or known to have in-vitro antitrypanosomal activity. A total of 386 compounds from 19 species of medicinal plants were investigated using in-silico molecular docking with validated Trypanosoma brucei protein targets that were available from the Protein Data Bank (PDB): Adenosine kinase (TbAK), pteridine reductase 1 (TbPTR1), dihydrofolate reductase (TbDHFR), trypanothione reductase (TbTR), cathepsin B (TbCatB), heat shock protein 90 (TbHSP90), sterol 14α-demethylase (TbCYP51), nucleoside hydrolase (TbNH), triose phosphate isomerase (TbTIM), nucleoside 2-deoxyribosyltransferase (TbNDRT), UDP-galactose 4' epimerase (TbUDPGE), and ornithine decarboxylase (TbODC). RESULTS This study revealed that triterpenoid and steroid ligands were largely selective for sterol 14α-demethylase; anthraquinones, xanthones, and berberine alkaloids docked strongly to pteridine reductase 1 (TbPTR1); chromenes, pyrazole and pyridine alkaloids preferred docking to triose phosphate isomerase (TbTIM); and numerous indole alkaloids showed notable docking energies with UDP-galactose 4' epimerase (TbUDPGE). Polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoid gallates or flavonoid glycosides tended to be promiscuous docking agents, giving strong docking energies with most proteins. CONCLUSIONS This in-silico molecular docking study has identified potential biomolecular targets of phytochemical components of antitrypanosomal plants and has determined which phytochemical classes and structural manifolds likely target trypanosomal enzymes. The results could provide the framework for synthetic modification of bioactive phytochemicals, de novo synthesis of structural motifs, and lead to further phytochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
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Choudhary MI, Ali M, Wahab AT, Khan A, Rasheed S, Shyaula SL, Rahman AU. New antiglycation and enzyme inhibitors from Parmotrema cooperi. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Xiao XB, Lin YX, Xu GB, Gong XB, Gu Y, Tong JF, Yang J. Two New Cytotoxic Naphthoquinones from Didymocarpus hedyotideus. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Roell D, Baniahmad A. The natural compounds atraric acid and N-butylbenzene-sulfonamide as antagonists of the human androgen receptor and inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 332:1-8. [PMID: 20965230 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from the plant Pygeum africanum are widely used in the therapy of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in combinational therapy for prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death and the mostly diagnosed form of cancer in men. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in the development of the prostate as well as in prostate diseases. Even though the extracts from P. africanum are considered as beneficial for prostate diseases in clinical trials, and some active compounds for treatment of BPH could be identified, compounds responsible for AR inhibition and the molecular mechanism for inhibition of prostatitis need to be identified. Recently, atraric acid and N-butylbenzene-sulfonamide were isolated from a selective dichlormethane extract of P. africanum as two novel AR antagonistic compounds. The molecular mechanisms of AR inhibition were analyzed and are summarized here. Both compounds are the first known natural, complete and specific AR antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Roell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Eyong KO, Kumar PS, Kuete V, Folefoc GN, Nkengfack EA, Baskaran S. Semisynthesis and antitumoral activity of 2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone and other naphthoquinone derivatives from lapachol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5387-90. [PMID: 18829316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of lapachol (1), resulting in an unusual formation of a potent antitumor agent 2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone (3) along with the expected aldehyde 6, is described. The reaction of lapachol (1) with CAN in dry acetonitrile leading to biologically active furanonaphthoquinones is also reported. The antitumoral activity of the tested compounds on human DU-145 prostate carcinoma cells was evaluated following XTT assay. The results revealed that 2-(1-methylethenyl)-2,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (5), beta-lapachone (10) and dehydro-beta-lapachone diacetate (11) showed 100% inhibition at 25 microg/ml. All the tested samples showed dose-dependent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth O Eyong
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Vouffo B, Hussain H, Eyong KO, Dongo E, Folefoc GN, Nkengfack AE, Krohn K. Chemical constituents of Dorstenia picta and Newbouldia laevis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Eyong KO, Folefoc GN, Kuete V, Beng VP, Krohn K, Hussain H, Nkengfack AE, Saeftel M, Sarite SR, Hoerauf A. Newbouldiaquinone A: A naphthoquinone-anthraquinone ether coupled pigment, as a potential antimicrobial and antimalarial agent from Newbouldia laevis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:605-9. [PMID: 16442576 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of the chemical constituents of the roots of Newbouldia laevis (Bignoniaceae) has resulted in the isolation and characterization of a naphthoquinone-anthraquinone coupled pigment named newbouldiaquinone A (1) together with 14 known compounds: apigenin, chrysoeriol, newbouldiaquinone, lapachol, 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, oleanolic acid, canthic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl triacontanoate, newbouldiamide, 5,7-dihydroxydehydroiso-alpha-lapachone, beta-sitosterol, and beta-sitosterol glucopyranoside. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was established based on spectroscopic studies, notably of the 2D NMR spectra. The antimalarial activity of compound (1) against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro shows moderate chemo suppression of parasitic growth. Its antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms was 13- and 24-fold more active against Candida gabrata and Enterobacter aerogens than the reference antibiotics nystatin and gentamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Oben Eyong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Yaounde University I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Chapter 5.3 Five-membered ring systems: Furans and benzofurans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Eyong KO, Krohn K, Hussain H, Folefoc GN, Nkengfack AE, Schulz B, Hu Q. Newbouldiaquinone and Newbouldiamide: A New Naphthoquinone-Anthraquinone Coupled Pigment and a New Ceramide from Newbouldia laevis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:616-9. [PMID: 15930769 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Newbouldiaquinone (1), a new naphthoquinone-anthraquinone coupled pigment and a new ceramide named newbouldiamide (2), have been isolated from Newbouldia laevis, besides the known compounds lapachol (3), canthic acid, oleanolic acid, 2-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione, 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl triacontanoate, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol glucopyranoside. The structure elucidations of the isolated new compounds were performed on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Preliminary studies showed that 1 is moderately antibacterial against Gram-positive Bacillus megaterium and that 3 has moderate herbicidal and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Oben Eyong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Yaounde University I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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